abnormal B: GRAMMAR: The Passive Voice (Câu bị động): GV yêu cầu HS nghiên cứu trước ờ nhà... Thứ nhì: Thông thường BY + O nằm cuối câu bị động.[r]
Trang 1Unit 4: SCHOOL EDUCATION SYSTEM
PART 1: VOCABULARY:
Exercise 1 Hãy điền vào các ô trống các từ loại còn lại (nếu có) từ các từ cho sẵn sau đây: (Phần này
HS về nhà chuẩn bị trước khi vào học reading, speaking,… GV tô màu trắng cho các chữ màu đỏ, in
ra cho HS làm và xem trước)
education educational educationally to educate sự / nền giáo dục
GCSE = General Certificate of Secondary Education bằng tốt nghiệp trung học
to put into force ép buộc
to make up of bao gồm
Trang 2struggle to struggle đấu tranh
disruption disruptive disruptively to disrupt cản trở
Exercise 2 Hãy cho biết từ đồng nghĩa hoặc gần nghĩa, từ trái nghĩa của các từ sau (nếu có): (Phần này
HS về nhà chuẩn bị trước khi vào học reading, speaking,… GV tô màu trắng cho các chữ màu đỏ, in ra cho HS làm và xem trước)
Lower Secondary School Junior High School / Secondary School
Upper Secondary School Senior High School / High School
to make up to build up, to set up
to translate to interprete
(Từ Exercise 3 trở đi, GV có thể cho HS làm tại lớp, làm ở nhà để kiểm tra bài cũ hoặc làm trong các tiết học tăng tiết )
Exercise 3: Hãy chọn một câu trả lời đúng nhất:
1 In Vietnam, children from the age of six must go to school
2 Schooling is _ for all English children from the age of six to sixteen
3 In England, an _ year runs from September to July
4 A school year in England _ into three terms
5 A school year in Vietnam usually _ in September and _ in May
A begins / ends B starts / last C ends / starts D departs / starts
6 In England, each term _ by a one-week break called half term
7 An academic year in Vietnam _ into two semesters
8 In a school year in Vietnam, there are two terms called the first term and the second term
9 There are two _ school systems in England; i e , state school system and public school ones
10 State school system in England is _ for all students and _ by the state
A free / pays B free / paid C fee-paying / paid D fee-paid / pays
11 School system in England is divided into two _ consisting of the state and the public ones
Trang 312 The state school system in England has two _ of education: primary education and secondary education
13 The National _ is set by the Government and must be followed by in all state schools
14 In English schools, English, Math and Science are _ subjects
15 Core subjects in Vietnamese schools _ of Math, Literature and English
16 Core subjects are _ in national exams at certain stages of the school education system
17 When do children in Vietnam go to _? – They begin to go to school at the age of six
A High School B Nursery C Secondary School D Primary School
18 How long does the _ in Vietnam last? – Five years
A Primary Education B Pre-school C Secondary Education D Higher Education
19 How long does the _ in England last? – Five years
A Primary Education B Pre-school C Secondary Education D Higher Education
20 In England, school fee in state schools is _
21 In Vietnam, a stage of study for children aged from 11 to 17 is called _
A Primary Education B Pre-school C Secondary Education D Higher Education
22 My nephew is four years old, he may enter a _ in Vietnam
A High School B Kindergarten C Secondary School D Primary School
23 In England, schooling is compulsory for all children from the age of 5 to 16
A put into blush B put on clothes C put into force D taken off
24 In Vietnam, schooling is _ for all children from the age of three to five
25 Schooling for Vietnamese children from the age of six to fourteen is _
26 How long does the whole Secondary Education in Vietnam last? – _ years
27 In Vietnam, _ lasts five years from grade one to grade five
A Senior High School B Secondary Education C Pre-school D Primary Education
28 In Vietnam, children may have _ whether to continue studying or not
29 Many high school students in Vietnam have to work very hard to _ at a university
A win a place B get a cold C lose touch with D keep pace with
30 Nowadays, Vietnamese students have to study more _ than those of twenty years ago to keep pace with the developments of modern society
31 The _ year in Vietnam runs from September to June and is divided into 2 terms
A academically B academical C academic D academicals
32 Children at the age of 11 start moving to _ school
A kindergarten B primary school C lower secondary D upper secondary
33 Children receive its early at home so parents should buy some _ magazines to put them
in the bookcase
A educational / educate B educational /education
C education / educational D education / educated
34 Schools in which all students can attend without paying tuition _ are public schools
Trang 4A fees B charge C payment D bill
35 In Vietnam a school year lasts for nine months and is divided _ 2 terms
36 _ the end of the school year, students take an exam in each subject
37 Students usually _ their GCSE at the age of sixteen
38 School boards are usually made _ of people who live in the area, often parents of children in the school
41 The telephone _ by Alexander Graham Bell
A is invented B is inventing C invented D was invented
42 The school library is open _ all of the students and the teaching staff of the school
43 Fee-paying schools are often called "independent schools", "private schools" or “ _ schools"
44 In the UK, _ schools refer to government-funded schools which provide education free of charge to pupils
45 Mathematics, a required subject in all schools, is _ into many branches
46 Education has been developed in _ with modern industry and the mass media
47 School uniform is compulsory in most of Vietnamese schools
48 In England schooling is compulsory _ all children from the age of 5 to 16
49 In Vietnamese schools, English, mathematics, and literature are three _ subjects, which are compulsory in many important national examinations
50 The national _ is a program of study in all the main subjects that children aged 5 to 16 in stateschools must follow
51 For the government, education is now at the top of _
52 We want the kids to have the best _ education
53 Watching TV can be very _
54 The expansion of _ education at college and university should be a powerful force for change
55 Most children in the UK remain in _ education until they are at least 16years
A full B full – period C full time D part time
56 We have to _ an exam at the end of the course
Trang 557 Many students now have been paid for _ during terms
58 She wants to take a career _ in order to have children
59 For _ information on the diet , write to us at this address
60 “Those eggs of different colors are very artistic “ Yes , they _ in Russia
A were painted B were paint C were painting D painted
61 “David is in prison for smoking drugs” He _ that it was against the law
62 “The maintenance people didn’t remove the chairs from the hall room” “Don’t worry They _them before the dance begins”
A will have been moved B will have moved C were moved D moved
63 _ that military spending is extremely high
A we are felt B it feels C it is felt D we feel that it is
64 If you want to learn a new language , you must _ foreign language classes
65 My favorite _ at school is history
66 His school report last term was very _
A satisfied B fulfilling C satisfactory D full
67 The students _ to be at school by the teacher at 8 :00 am
68 Our children _ to school by bus every morning
69 We have no seats left for the concert next Sunday
A All the seats for the concert next Sunday have been booked
B All the seats were sold for the concert next Sunday
C The concert next Sunday had no seats for us
D No seats left for us for the concert next Sunday
70 Students in public school in England have to pay _
Exercise 4: Hãy xác định một câu có phần gạch dưới cần được sửa lại cho đúng:
1 Schooling is optional to all English children from the age of 6 to 15
Trang 68 A school year in Vietnam usually begins in late September every year
Exercise 5: Hãy đọc đoạn văn và chọn một câu trả lời đúng nhất cho mỗi câu hỏi theo sau:
"Where is the university?" is a question that many visitors to Cambridge ask, but no one can givethem a clear answer, for there is no wall to be found around the university The university is the city Youcan find the classroom buildings, libraries, museums and offices of the university all over the city Andmost of its members are the students and teachers or professors of the thirty-one colleges
Cambridge was already developing town long before the first students and teachers arrived 800 yearsago It grew up by the river Granta, as the Cam was once called A bridge was built over the river as early
as 875
In the fourteen and fifteen centuries more and more land was used for college buildings The towngrew much faster in the nineteen century after the opening of the railway in 1845 Cambridge became acity in 1951 and now it has the population of over 100,000 many young students want to study atCambridge Thousands of people from all over the world come to visit the university town It has become
a famous place all round the world
1 Why do most visitors come to Cambridge?
A To see university B To use the libraries of the university
C To study in the colleges in Cambridge D To find the classroom buildings
2 Around what time did the university begin to appear?
A In the 8th century B In the 9th century
C In the 13th century D In the 15th century
3 Why did people name Cambridge the "city of Cambridge"?
A Because it was a developing town B Because the river was very well - known
C Because there is a bridge over the Cam D Because there is a river named Granta
4 From what we read, we know that Cambridge is now _
A a city without wall B a city that may have a wall around it
C visited by international tourists D a city of growing population
5 After which year did the town really begin developing?
Exercise 6: Chọn đáp án đúng nhất để hoàn thành bài khóa dưới đây
If women choose to pursue a career once they have children, they often miss out on a close (1) _with their children Helen Jamieson is a mother of three who has given (2) _work to lookafter her children full-time She strongly believes that women are pressurized to do too much, drivingthemselves to the absolute limit In her own case, after six years of paid employment, Helen finallydecided to call it a day She says she initially found it hard being at home, though she never misses the job
Trang 7itself She admits that if she had had a brilliant career to begin (3) _, she might feel differentlynow Financially, she is no worse off (4) _ before, as the cost of childcare and commutingexceeded her actual income (5) _the government starts to give other tax incentives to workingparents, she says she will not return to the workplace until her children are grown up
1 A relationship B friendship C scholarship D membership
Exercise 7: Chọn đáp án đúng nhất để hoàn thành bài khóa dưới đây
A report says that Britain needs to bring in more workers from other countries This is to avoid acrisis caused by population changes as fewer babies are born and as people live longer Because there will
be more and more old people in the population, the (1) _ for a younger workforce will grow andimmigration may help (2) _ the problem The report says that if the (3) _ of people coming
to live in the UK does not increase by around 20% in the (4) _ fifty years, the UK population willfall by three million This means that, (5) _ a result, Britons would need to work until they are intheir seventies to (6) _ the large number of elderly people In addition, the State will no longer beable to (7) _ health care and pensions, so people will have to pay for themselves
The ethnic minorities, most of whom are immigrants to Britain, (8) _ a lot of money for thegovernment in the form of taxes This is because these minorities have many young people in (9) _The report calls for a (10) _ of attitude towards immigrants: they are now some of our mostvaluable citizens
PART 2: PRONUNCIATION AND GRAMMAR: (GV yêu cầu HS nghiên cứu trước ờ nhà)
A: PRONUNCIATION: Main stress on a more than three-syllable word (dấu trọng âm chính trên
từ có từ ba vần trở lên)
Nguyên tắc chung: Đối với từ có từ ba trở lên thì dấu trọng âm nằm ở: vần thứ ba kể từ vần cuối
Ví dụ: possibÍlity, dÉmonstrate, Éxercise, incrÉdible, curiÓsity, geÓgraphy, varÍety, mechÁnical, cÓncertrate, equÍvalent,
CÁC TRƯỜNG HỢP ĐẶC BIỆT KHÁC CẦN THUỘC LÒNG: (Các qui tắc sau đây cũng áp dụng được cho cả từ có hai vần nữa đó)
A Nằm ngay trên các vần tận cùng là: -ADE, -EE, -EEN, -EER, -ESE, -OO, -OON
Ví dụ:lemonÁDE,employÉE, guarantÉE, seventÉEN, enginÉER, pionÉER, VietnamÉSE,
Bài tập áp dụng:
Trang 8Hãy chọn MỘT phương án (A, B, C hoặc D) tương ứng với từ có dấu trọng âm chính ở vị trí khác nhất trong mỗi câu sau đây:
1 A attraction B satisfactory C occupation D disappointment
9 A occasionally B preferentially C potentially D successfully
18 A assignment B reasonable C acceptable D election
27 A uncertainty B accurately C exceptional D particular
37 A attendance B apprentice C constructor D tolerance
43 A accuracy B authority C discovery D accompany
44 A organization B conclusion C liberation D scientist
Trang 948 A visiting B opening C gathering D canceling
49 A furniture B information C answering D quantity
60 A attraction B satisfactory C occupation D disappointment
65 A conservation B environment C erosion D alternative
69 A education B intonation C development D population
73 A perversity B authority C responsible D revolution
81 A contaminate B supervisor C investigate D comfortable
86 A accommodation B individual C accomplishment D administration
B: GRAMMAR: The Passive Voice (Câu bị động): GV yêu cầu HS nghiên cứu trước ờ nhà
Lý thuyết:
A: DẠNG THƯỜNG:
Cấu trúc của một câu Passive Voice thông thường gồm ít nhất S + BE + V3/ed … :
Trang 10S BE V3/ed …… (by + O)
Cách chuyển đổi qua lại thông thường giữa câu chủ động (Active Voice) và câu bị động (Passive Voice) như sau:
Như vậy, ta thấy rằng, muốn chuyển đổi qua lại giữa câu chủ động với câu bị động thông thường, ta có 03
vị trí chính cần đổi là: Đổi qua lại giữa S thành (BY + ) O ; O thành S ; và V thành BE + V3/ed
1: Hướng dẫn đổi qua lại giữa S và O:
Subject (S) Đổi qua lại thành Object (O) Subject (S) Đổi qua lại thành Object (O)
Thứ nhì: Thông thường BY + O nằm cuối câu bị động
Thứ ba: Trạng từ chỉ nơi chốn ĐẶT TRƯỚC BY + O trong câu bị động
Thứ tư: Trạng từ chỉ thời gian ĐẶT SAU BY + O trong câu bị động
2: Hướng dẫn đổi giữa V và BE + V 3/ed từ câu chủ động sang câu bị động:
- Từ câu chủ động, ta đem đặt động từ BE vào vị trí ngay phía trước động từ chính (động từ chính thường nằm ở vị trí cuối cùng trong mỗi cụm động từ) và động từ BE sẽ mang hình thức của động từ
chính Còn động từ chính phải chuyển sang V 3 / -ed.
- Phải nhớ hòa hợp giữa chủ từ và động từ đầu tiên của cụm động từ ở câu Passive voice
Ví dụ: (GV vừa cho các ví dụ, vừa giải thích dựa theo hướng dẫn trên)
1) Active voice: He has given five books to me
Passive voice: Five books have been given to me (by him)
2) Active voice: They were doing the bedroom on Friday
Passive voice: The bedroom was being done on Friday (by them)
3) Active voice: People will have built a 3-D TV by the end of this century
Passive voice: A 3-D TV will have been built by the end of this century (by people)
4) Active voice: They gave the job to Amy and Bob
Passive voice: The job was given to Amy and Bob (by them)
Trang 11B: CÁC DẠNG ĐẶC BIỆT:
Dạng 1:
Ghi chú: S a thường là People, Someone, Somebody, Something, Anyone, Anybody, Anything, No One, Nobody, Nothing, Everyone, Everybody, Everything, They
Ví dụ:
A Active voice: People said that he had three wives
→ Passive voice: It was said that he had three wives
B Active voice : Someone thinks that he had two wives
→ Passive voice: It is thought that he had two wives
C Active voice: Somebody believes that Nam had only one wife
→ Passive voice : It is believed that Nam had only one wife
Dạng 2:
Passive Voice: IT BE + V3/ed THAT S c + BE + V3/ed ……(BY+ OB.
Ghi chú: S a thường là People, Someone, Somebody, Something, Anyone, Anybody, Anything, No One, Nobody, Nothing, Everyone, Everybody, Everything, They
Ví dụ:
A Active voice: People said that she had given a book to Nam
→ Passive voice: It was said that a book had been given to Nam (by her)
B Active voice : Someone thinks that Nga has seen those films twice
→ Passive voice: It is thought that those films have been seen twice by Nga
C Active voice: Somebody believes that Nam bought a ring for Nga
→ Passive voice : It is believed that a ring was bought for Nga by Nam
Dạng 3:
Ghi chú: S a thường là People, Someone, Somebody, Something, Anyone, Anybody, Anything, No One, Nobody, Nothing, Everyone, Everybody, Everything, They
Ví dụ:
A Active voice: People said that she has two husbands
→ Passive voice: She was said to have two husbands
B Active voice : Someone thinks that Nga saw those films twice
→ Passive voice: Nga is thought to see those films twice
C Active voice: Somebody believes that Nam bought a ring for Nga
→ Passive voice : Nam is believed to buy a ring for Nga
Như vậy, ta thấy dạng 2 và dạng 3 có thể đổi 2 cách (ví dụ c ở hai dạng nói trên)
Dạng 4:
Trang 12Ghi chú: S a thường là People, Someone, Somebody, Something, Anyone, Anybody, Anything, No One, Nobody, Nothing, Everyone, Everybody, Everything, They
Ví dụ:
A Active voice: People said that she had given a book to Nam
→ Passive voice: She was said to have given a book to Nam
B Active voice : Someone thinks that Nga had seen those films twice
→ Passive voice: Nga is thought to have seen those films twice
C Active voice: Somebody believes that Nam had bought a ring for Nga
→ Passive voice : Nam is believed to have bought a ring for Nga
Như vậy, ta thấy dạng 2 và dạng 4 có thể đổi 2 cách (ví dụ a ở hai dạng nói trên)
Dạng 5:
Ghi chú: S a thường là People, Someone, Somebody, Something, Anyone, Anybody, Anything, No One, Nobody, Nothing, Everyone, Everybody, Everything, They
Ví dụ:
1 Active voice: People said that the soldiers killed the King in the battle
→ Passive voice: The King was said to be killed in the battle by the soldiers
2 Active voice : Someone thinks that Nga does those exercises very well
→ Passive voice: Those exercises are thought to be done very well by Nga
3 Active voice: Somebody believes that Nam bought a ring for Nga
→ Passive voice : A ring is believed to be bought for Nga by Nam
Dạng 6:
Sc BE + V3/ed T O HAVE BEEN + V 3/ed …… + BY + O b
Ghi chú: S a thường là People, Someone, Somebody, Something, Anyone, Anybody, Anything, No One, Nobody, Nothing, Everyone, Everybody, Everything, They
Ví dụ:
A Active voice: People said that the soldiers had killed the King in the battle
→ Passive voice: The King was said to have been killed in the battle by the soldiers
B Active voice : Someone thinks that Nga had done those exercises very well
→ Passive voice: Those exercises are thought to have been done very well by NgA
C Active voice: Somebody believes that Nam had bought a ring for NgA
→ Passive voice : A ring is believed to have been bought for Nga by Nam
Dạng 7: Dạng bị động của thể ngoại tác (causative form) và bị động của chữ NEED
A Cấu trúc bị động của thể ngoại tác (Câu nhờ vả) như sau:
GET
Ví dụ:
He has / gets his broken chairs repaired
We have / get our windows repainted
B Cấu trúc bị động của chữ NEED: