57 CÁCH làm bài tập đọc HIỂU TRONG đề THI THPTQG

In other Asian countries, such as Japan and Vietnam, children follow a similar tradition of throwing their lost teeth onto the roofs of houses.” What is the passage mainly about?. Accord

Chuyênăđ : CÁCăK ăN NGăLÀMăBÀIăT Pă C HI UăTRONGă

THI THPTQG Compiled by Mrs Trang Anh Facebook: Mrstranganh87

I Các b c làm bài t p đ c hi u trong bài thi THPTQG

1 c câu h i tr c, ch a v i đ c các l a ch n tr l i Vì khi đã bi t đ c ki u câu h i ph i

tr l i thì s d dàng tìm ra câu tr l i h n

2 c k m i câu h i và các ph ng án tr l i, g ch d i m i t khóa, t p trung vào các t khóa trong bài đ c đ tìm ra câu tr l i

3 Tùy vào t ng ki u câu h i đ có các chi n l c làm khác nhau

4 Không nh t thi t ph i làm l n l t t đ u đ n cu i, mà là câu nào d thì làm tr c, câu khó

đ l i sau cùng

II Các d ng câu h i th ng g p và cách làm

1 Câuăh iăv ămainăideas(ý t ng chính c a đo n v n)

Nó s th ng b t đ u b ng nh ng câu h i nh sau:

- What does the passage mainly discuss?

- What is the topic/subject of the passage?

- The author’s main purpose in the passage is to…

- What is the main topic of this passage?

- What is the best title for the passage?

- Where was the passage possibly taken from?

- What does the first/ second/ paragraph discuss?

- What is the purpose of the passage?

- The passage was written to

- The writer of this passage is trying to

- The most suitable title for the passage could be

- The passage mainly discusses

- The purpose of the passage is

- The passage is intended to

=> Ý t ng chính c a đo n v n th ng t p trung ph n đ u c a đo n v n, do đó chúng ta nên t p trung vào ph n đo n v n đ u trong bài Tuy nhiên, có nh ng bài câu h i main ideas

đ c đ t xu ng cu i trong th t các câu h i c a bài V i tr ng h p này, ý t ng c a đo n

v n s đ c rút ra t vi c hi u n i dung c a toàn bài Do đó, câu này nên làm cu i cùng

Víăd 1:

“Different cultures follow their own special customs when a child's baby teeth fall out In Korea, for example, they have the custom of throwing lost teeth up on the roof of a house According to tradition, a magpie will come and take the tooth Later, the magpie will return with a new tooth for the child In other Asian countries, such as Japan and Vietnam, children follow a similar tradition of throwing their lost teeth onto the roofs of houses.”

What is the passage mainly about?

A Presents for young children’s lost teeth

B Customs concerning children's new teeth

C Animals eating children's lost teeth

D traditions concerning children's lost teet

Víăd ă2:ă

We get great pleasure from reading The more advanced a man is, the greater delight he will find in reading The ordinary man may think that subjects like philosophy or science are very difficult and that if philosophers and scientists read these subjects, it is not for pleasure But this is not true The mathematician finds the same pleasure in his mathematics as the school boy in an adventure story For both, it is a play of the imagination, a mental recreation and exercise

What does the passage mainly discuss?

A Different types of books B Different kinds of reading

C Reading as an exercise for the brain D Reading as a pleasurable activity

2 ăCâuăh iăv ăstatedădetails

- Các câu b t đ u b ng: According to the passage,

- Các câu h i ph đ nh v i NOT ho c EXCEPT ho c TRUE nh :

Which of the following statements is NOT /TRUE according to the passage?

All of the followings are bees' main sources of food EXCEPT

=> Cách làm:

Khi g p câu h i đ c tìm chi ti t, chúng ta th c hi n theo các b c sau:

B c 1: Xác đ nh keywords trong câu h i/ câu tr l i

B c 2: c l t đ tìm keywords đã xác đ nh b c 1

Notes:

- Ch t p trung vào tìm "keywords"

- L t t ng hàng c a bài đ c và ch d ng l i khi phát hi n ra "keywords"

- ôi khi không tìm đ c chính xác "keywords" mà có nh ng t / c m t đ ng ngh a/ trái ngh a

B c 3: D ng l i khi th y "keywords"

c k thông tin tr c và sau "keywords" xem nó có ph c v cho vi c tr l i câu h i không

N u nó không liên quan đ n câu h i, ti p t c tìm l n l t nh ng ch mà keywords xu t hi n cho đ n khi tìm ra câu tr l i cho câu h i

Víăd 3:

“ Birds aren't the only animals thought to take lost teeth In Mexico and Spain, tradition says

a mouse takes a lost tooth and leaves some money However, in Mongolia, dogs are

responsible for taking teeth away Dogs are highly respected in Mongolian culture and are considered guardian angels of the people Tradition says that the new tooth will grow good and strong if the baby tooth is fed to a guardian angel Accordingly, parents in Mongolia will put their child's lost tooth in a piece of meat and feed it to a dog.”

* According the passage, where is a child's lost tooth thought to be taken away by a mouse?

In Mongolia B In Korea

C In Japan and Vietnam D In Mexico and Spain

Víăd ă4:ă

Marriage was not so much a romantic love story but a business transaction, or deal Most marriages were arranged between parents while their children were still very young It was the custom that the fathers made the decision on whom their children were going to marry The mothers had little say in it since they rarely made any decisions outside the household The fathers would meet to arrange the wedding date and the money given for the bride on her wedding date The more money and land a girl had, the more chances she had to marry well

Therefore, it was important that her father choose the bridegroom very well Usually, it was

someone who came from a good family or who was rich too It was very unlikely that people married outside their social class

The author mentions all of the following in the passage EXCEPT

A. People tended to marry outside their social class B. Men made almost all decisions inside the family C. Marriage used to be a deal between two families D. The wedding date was decided by the fathers 3 ăT ăv ngătrongăv năc nh M t s câu h i tìm ngh a c a t : - What is the word/ phrase "abc" closest in meaning to? - What does the word/ phrase "abc" most closely mean? - The word/ phrase "abc" mostly means " "

- The word/ phrase "abc" most likely means " "

- The word/ phrase "abc" most closely means " "

- The word/ phrase "abc" can be best replaced by " "

=> Ý ngh a c a m t t có th đ c xác đ nh ho c có th d đoán đ c:

TH1: Ý ngh a c a t th ng đ c g i ý ngay trong bài b ng nh ng t đ ng ngh a ho c c m

t gi i thích t đó

TH2: Ý ngh a c a t có th đ c d đoán thông qua ng c nh c a câu ho c đo n v n có t

đó

Cách làm:

+ Finding - Xác đ nh v trí t v ng: th ng thì t v ng trong câu h i s đ c in đ m trong bài v n cho nên b n s không g p khó kh n gì trong vi c tìm ki m chúng đâu

+ Reading and Understanding – c và hi u: D ng câu h i này th c s đ n gi n h n nhi u

so v i nh ng d ng khác vì b n ch c n đ c câu v n ch a t v ng đó ho c t m t đ n hai câu xung quanh đ hi u đ c ý ngh a c a t v ng

+ Eliminating or Choosing – Lo i b và Ch n l a: Sau khi hi u đ c ý ngh a và s c thái c a

t v ng, b n có th lo i b ngay nh ng t không phù h p Ví d t v ng này mang ngh a tích c c thì hay g ch b ngay nh ng đáp án mang tính tiêu c c

M t s chú ý khi đoán ngh a c a t :

- ôi khi ng i đ c có th bi t h t ngh a c a các t đ c h i và c a các đáp án đ a ra

Tuy nhiên, c n đ c k ng c nh tr c khi ch n câu tr l i vì m t t có th có nhi u ngh a

khác nhau trong nh ng ng c nh khác nhau

- N m v ng ý ngh a c a các ti n t và h u t đ có th đoán ngh a chính xác

Víăd 5:

when three young whales were trapped in the sea It was close to winter and the sea had begun to freeze over Whales are mammals that require oxygen from the air, so the frozen ice

was a great danger to them All they had then was a tiny hole in the ice for them to breathe

through Volunteers from all over soon turned up to help these creatures They cut holes in the ice to provide more breathing holes for the whales These holes would also serve as

guides for the whales so that they could swim to warmer waters

The word “tiny” in paragraph 3 probably means _

A very small B very deep C very fat D very ugly

Víăd ă6:ă

The idea of giving lost teeth to an angel or fairy is also a tradition in the West Many children in Western countries count on the Tooth Fairy to leave money or presents in exchange for a tooth

The exact origins of the Tooth Fairy are a mystery, although the story probably began in

England or Ireland centuries ago

The word "origins" in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to _

A countries B families C beginnings D stories

4 Câuăh iătìmăm iăliênăh

Các lo i câu h i đ c tìm m i liên h :

- What does the word "abc" refer to?

- The word "abc" refers to " "

Cách làm:

B c 1: Tìm t liên h trong bài đ c

B c 2: c k thông tin tr c và sau t đó đ tìm t /c m t mà t liên h có th ch t i

Nh ng t liên h th ng n m nh ng câu phía tr c

B c 3:

+ Tìm đ c t /c m t đúng => ch n câu tr l i

+ Th thay th t liên h b ng t /c m t đã cho xem có h p lý không

Víăd 7:

“Marriage nowadays is a choice people make on their own, but this has not always been the

case in society Thousands of years ago, the average lifespan was shorter than it is today A

man usually lived until he was about 40 years old, while women died even sooner because of childbirth There were many wars and illnesses, and people had to protect themselves by

having more children while they were still young The parents lived through their children.”

* The word "it" in paragraph 1 refers to

A. marriage B. a choice C. society D. the average lifespan

Víăd ă8:

Different cultures follow their own special customs when a child's baby teeth fall out In Korea, for example, they have the custom of throwing lost teeth up on the roof of a house According to tradition, a magpie will come and take the tooth Later, the magpie will return with a new tooth for the child In other Asian countries, such as Japan and Vietnam, children

follow a similar tradition of throwing their lost teeth onto the roofs of houses

The word "their" in paragraph 1 refers to

A houses' B roofs' C children's D countries'

5 Câu h i suy ng m (inference and reasoning questions)

Các câu h i suy lu n th ng g p trong bài t p đ c:

- What can be inferred from the passage?

- It can be inferred from the passage that

- The passage/author implies that _

- Which of the following best describes the tone of the passage?

ây là k n ng đ c hi u khó nh t vì:

+ Yêu c u ng i đ c rút ra k t lu n d a vào thông tin trong bài

+ Ng i đ c ph i hi u k n i dung c a bài đ c

+ Ng i đ c ph i hi u c nh ng ý sâu xa trong bài

=> Cách làm:

câu h i này làm cu i, sau khi đã hi u ý t ng chung c a toàn bài s d dàng tìm đ c câu tr

l i

III Các bài t p áp d ng

Overpopulation, the situation of having large numbers of people with too few resources and too little space, is closely associated with poverty It can result from high population density,

or from low amounts of resources, or from both Excessively high population densities put stress on available resources Only a certain number of people can be supported on a given

area of land, and that number depends on how much food and other resources the land can

provide In countries where people live primarily by means of simple farming, gardening, herding, hunting, and gathering, even large areas of land can support only small numbers of people because these labor intensive subsistence activities produce only small amounts of food

In developed countries such as the United States, Japan, and the countries of Western Europe, overpopulation generally is not considered a major cause of poverty These countries produce large quantities of food through mechanized farming, which depends on commercial fertilizers, large-scale irrigation, and agricultural machinery This form of production provides enough food to support the high densities of people in metropolitan areas

A country’s level of poverty can depend greatly on its mix of population density and agricultural productivity Bangladesh, for example, has one of the world’s highest population densities, with 1,147 persons per sq km A large majority of the people of Bangladesh

engage in low – productivity manual farming, which contributes to the country's extremely high level of poverty Some of the smaller countries in Western Europe, such as the Netherlands and Belgium, have high population densities as well These countries practice mechanized farming and are involved in high-tech industries, however, and therefore have high standards of living

At the other end of the spectrum, many countries in sub-Saharan Africa have population densities of less than 30 persons per square km Many people in these countries practice

manual subsistence farming; these countries also have infertile land, and lack the economic

resources and technology to boost productivity As a consequence, these nations are very poor The United Slates has both relatively low population density and high agricultural productivity; it is one of the world's wealthiest nations

High birth rates contribute to overpopulation in many developing countries Children are assets to many poor families because the provide labor, usually for farming Cultural norms

in traditionally rural societies commonly sanction the value of large families Also, the governments of developing countries often provide little or no support, financial or political,

for family planning; even people who wish to keep their families small have difficulty doing

so For all these reasons, developing countries lend to have high rates of population growth

Question 1: Which of the following is given a definition in paragraph 1?

A Overpopulation B Population density

C Simple farming D Poverty

Question 2: According to the passage, what will suffer when there are excessively high

population densities?

A Available resources B Skilled labor

C Farming methods D Land area

Question 3: The phrase "that number" in paragraph 1 refers to the number of

_

A people B densities C resources D countries

Question 4: It can be inferred from the passage that In certain countries, large areas of land can only yield small amounts of food because _

A there is a lack of mechanization

B there are small numbers of laborers

C there is on abundance of resources

D there is no shortage of skilled labor

Question 5: According to the passage, Bangladesh is a country where the level of poverty

depends greatly on

A its population density only

B both population density and agricultural productivity

C population density in metropolitan areas

D its high agricultural productivity

Question 6: The word “infertile” in paragraph 4 probably means _

A disused B impossible C unproductive D inaccessible

Question 7: Which of the following contributors to overpopulation in many developing countries is TRUE according to the passage?

A High-tech facilities B Economic resources

C Sufficient financial support D High birth rate

Question 8: Which of the following could be the best title for the passage?

A High Birth Rate and its Consequences

B Overpopulation: A Cause of Poverty

C Overpopulation: A Worldwide Problem

D Poverty in Developing Countries