'Mì: Good newer, But, it's not oniya free flow of goods?. It also means the free flow of services between nations.. And fith is the absence of subsidies and regulations on iocally produc
Trang 1‘Mt: | understand completely Wel 'm going torun back
‘home and send you the fies you rieed: Thanks a iot for yourhelp:
'M2:Don't mention it I'm just glad to help,
Wi: Have you been taken care of?- We: No, | want to sign out a reserved article for Psych
420
W1: Sure, could you give me'the title of the article
please?
W2: Modern Personality Theories The professor is
Jennifer Putman
`W1: May | see your library card, please?
'W2: Hare you are
W1: Hmm The computer's showing that you have a
late foe
(we: That can’t be right
Wt: You can’t sign out books or reserve articles i you
‘til ave @ late-fee pending just a minute Okay,
it says you signed out Every Woman's Guide to Weight Training You signed it out on September 9
\W2: Yes, that’s probebly true, but I've already returned
the book
Wt: When?
WG: think it was a week ago,
Wt: Yes, you're right It was exactly a week ago today
But @ week ago today, which was last Tuesday, it
‘was siready a week overdue
'W2: Come ont Only a woek? That's a?
Wt: Yes,
\W2: | don’t have any money right sow How much is the
tie?
Wis Ton gone,
W2: Ten dollars! | don't hava ten dollars | shouldn't
‘have to pay ten dollars!
Wi: Why not?
`W2: lừa too much And I'ma disabled student
`W1: What do you mean disabled?
W2:| have @ hearing impairment The university has to
‘accommodate my disability,
Wi Well, you're not making much sense Ten dollars is Nothing f you tealy need the'use the article, you may sign i out for an hour, but you'l have to pay five doles fst
W2: What about my disability?
1: What about i W2:1 mean, maybe you can just lt the fine side this time | promise ! won't do this again
W1: Why did you return the book 80 late?
We: | was busy andidn’t have time to come the library, Wi: Sofy, bựtI cant belp you Your disability has
‘nothing to do with the reason why you retumed the book late And ten dolars is nothing
W2: Ant You mean you're going to make me go find a
‘bank machine just so I can withdraw ten dollars to pay the fine
W1:No, I'm just telling you that Ì can loan you the
‘article unt you pay your fine
\W2: only need it fora minute!
Wi That doesn't matter
|Wa: The book | borrowed wasn’t important It was just 2 weightifing book! And there were probably several
‘copies of tin the Borary `
\W1: No, that's our only copy And all books here are treated with equal importance
Wa: This is 0 ridiculous!
WI: If you'd fike, can let you speak to the head
‘arian, She's in right now, W2: No, that’s okay Here's the money Now give me the article!
Wt dust a minute, We: What now?
WI: Your signature, please, We: Hut Here it is
Wi: Thank you Please return it within an hour
|W2: Weren't you listening to me? | just told you | only
‘need ifor & minute be right back!
M2: Professor Sabharwal, | need to talk to you about something
Ma
MỊ
Mã
Trang 2
M1: Oh, please come into my office, young man How
‘might |help you?
M2: Yes, t'm in your quantum physics class and looked
‘at my grade | think you must have made some kind
of mistake when you calculated it
Mi: Nonsense, young man | never make mistakes with grades!
M2: Really!
‘M1; Haha hal No, nota all | must admit, from time to time, | do make errors What makes you think there's
an emor?
M2: Well, you gave us @:spreadsheet with our updated grades, right? And right now my score is 72, which should be impossible because on the midterm
‘exam | got 85, and on the quiz | gat 90, Se I think
‘my score should be about 86!
Mis Qh goodness! Let me take'a look at your scares
{ust a minute, please Why don't you sit down? It
‘eed a minute just to locate the fle Ahal i got i
What is your student number?
M2: ts 2-0-0-6-1-1-8-7, M1: Please say that again, more slowly, please
M2: Ws 2.0-0-6-1-1-84-7, M1: m sory | can't seem to find it I'm really sorry,
‘Could you please say it one more time?
(42: Sure t's 2-0-0-6-1-1-8-7,
Mi This is very strange very very vary strange | can't find you! You're not on my list! I's as if you don't exist
‘M2: Well, I'm in your morning clase, every Tussday and
‘Thursday at 10:00 am
11: Oh, believe you, and § remember you but | just
‘can't seem to find-you Did you say Tuesday and Thursday? At 10:00?
M2 Yost 1: Oopet fim fooking at the wrong file Just a minute
I's 2:0:0-6-1-1-847, right?
Me: Vest M1 Okje-dokie: 1 got it Your midterm exam was 85, and you got 8 80 on your quiz Does that sound comect?
>: Yeah! That's what I've been trying to tell you My
‘midterm was 85, anct! got 90 ơn the qui
7: Wel, you're doing very welll And you're right I did
‘make @ mistake Your score should be 86 right now
‘That's @ good score! it's one of the highest in the class
'12: Se youth change my grace, right?
‘7 Yes, of eoursef |m-really sorry | caused you such
an inoonvenience::Next-time, if you have any
Problems, just call me, okay? You don't have to come all the way down here You oan even talk to
‘me about it during class time | don't mind And don't hesitate to ask me any questions in class
(Ma: Okay But | didn't have to-go out of my way or anything
Mia Wel, I'm truly sony | did the grades late at night, Probably well past my bedtime, ! hope | didn’: make
‘many other mistakes like that And mank you ter
‘bringing this to my attention,
‘Ma: I's no problem Thanks for your help
M1: No, no, no, noi | thank you!
M2: Okay, See you next Tuesday
M1: Okay I'd better check with the other students in
‘case | made more mistakes fike that n any event, have a nice weekend,
M2: Thank you
M: Good afternoon, ma'am, | think that my books are almost due, so I'd like to renew them if that's possible | don’t have to bring them here to the library to do that, do 1?
W: Oh, no, of course you don't have to do that Just fet
me seo your student !D card, and I can call up your record on the screen
M: You have no idea how much of a relief itis to hear those words come out of your mouth t've got a
‘ton of books checked out, so lugging them up here wouldn't be too fun Here's my card
W: Okay, let's take a look Your name is Jason Stevens, right? And you have Wow That's a lot
‘of books you have checked out Thirty-five in total?
‘You must be some kind of a bookworm!
M: Not really i's just that | have this upcoming report
‘due in one of my classes, s0 I'm trying to do as
‘much research as | can Oh, so when are the books due now?
W They aren't due until November 29 That's four weeks from today, 86 you should have plenty of time
‘o finish everything up by then, M: Excellent: You've been quite a tot of hil Say, | hae a quettion for you if you don’t mind Pve been
‘tying to find this book It's really crucial to my research, but it appears to have been checked out
3
Trang 3
by someone If i's not too much-of problem, do you think that you could check to:see it’s actually been returned yet?
W: Oh, of course, | don't mind at al That's exactly what {'m here for Why don't you give me the tte of the
‘book so that | can cll it up onto the screen?
M: Sure, | can do that: The ite of the book is Exploring
"New Methods in Historiography
W: Hmm, | didn’t know that there were any new methods in history But | guess that you're the expert, hun?
M: Yeah, i's not exactly the most fascinating topic in the world, but without it, | don't know wht I do
u89 that have to purchase it from a bookstore, but considering that it costs around fity dolar, lơ
‘much rather check it out instead So, what's the verdict on the book?
Wel'd have to say that today is your lucky day It
‘appears that whoever had it checked out just
‘etumed it to the fbary Here's the call number for the book Let me writ it down for you New here's
‘something you need to keep in.mind Since it just
‘Got returned, it might not have been shelved yet
Why don't you head down to the stacks and take
4 100k? If i's not where it should be, come back
‘up here, and I'l go to find tin the returned books section,
Mr Wow That is some seriously awesome news Thanks alot
Ws You don’t have to thank me ffm just doing my job
eine
MT: So what is tree trade?
Mi Freo trade means no tarffS and no quotas between
‘countries that trace goods with one another
'Mì: Good newer, But, it's not oniya free flow of goods
It also means the free flow of services between nations It's @ system that allows people to buy and sell whatever they desire with whomever they desire Advocates argue that total free trade
will resuit n-a nt gain in wealth for both trading partners Some of the characteristics of free rade are uh, let me list:them for you First, the absence of tariffs, which are taxes on imported goods and services Second is the absence
of quotas and other trade barriers Third the tree flow of labor between two trading partners
Fourth the free flow of capital between the two trading partners And fith is the absence of subsidies and regulations on iocally produced goods and services that give businesses in the
‘home country an advantage over those of a foreign
‘country Now having said all this, keep in mine hat fre trade is a relatively loose term that means ifferent things to different people For instance,
it can be any combination of these characteristics
| just mentioned to:you, and, typically, it's never
‘completely 100% es When you have a free trade agreement between two countries there are us
‘some protective polices in place
Protectionism, on the other hand, means
‘government restraint on trade between two-nations Protective trade or protective tats are a nation's
‘ftcrts to prevent its own people rom trading Such protective measures include tariffs on Import goods end services, restrictive quotas.on imported!
goods and services, government regulations which discourage Imports, anti-dumping laws, and subsidies fr local producers
‘There are a number of advantages to free trade Perhaps the most important advantage of free trade is that it lowers the costs of goods and
‘services This is possible fora number of reasons For example, production can take place in nations where labor and other operating costs are lower Nike might manufacture in developing nations where labor costs are much cheaper Likewise
it allows cheaper foreign manufactured good:
from foreign businesses easily to be imported into @ country where manufacturers cannot Produce goods as cheanly An example would be
‘garment manutacturers.in China: Also, jobs can bbe outsourced to other countries where labor is
‘much cheaper This expians why 2 lot of telephone
‘all centers are located In India So, with tree
‘rade, consumers can pay lower prices for freian
‘manufactured goods or foreign services rather than pay higher costs to local high-cost producers Froe trade also attracts investors to developed nations improving the economies of those nations it alows
Trang 4
trading
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corporations easily to operate across borders And {it also results in social advantages such as the
‘Spread of democratic ideas to developed nations
‘and the reduction of the likelinood of war between developed nations
Despite its apparent advantages; there are a
‘number of critics of free trade Many people prefer protectionism And, as! mentioned-a moment ago, im the real-word, even when we have free trade oF @ free trade agreement, there's stil some protectionism, Protectionists feel it's better for local consumers to pay higher prices and thereby
‘maintain quality jobs So, protectionism protects businesses, jobs, and wages, but it also means higher prices,
‘Before we get into details about the art of photography land discuss the mechanics of cameras, | want to give You a brief history of some of the major events in the development of photography so that you'll have
‘greater appreciation for the art and technology that we have today
‘You might have already read in'your textbooks that in the fourth and fith centuries B.C., philosciphers in China land Greece described the basic principies of cameras
Now, this might not seem like a big deal because they were stil tar from inventing a camera, but what
is of particular interest here is that they were already familar with the basic principles of optics inthe 1660s, Isaac Newton discovered that white light was actually
‘composed of diferent colors By this time, darkraoms had already existed as & tool to assist in drawings Then
in 1727, we get our first important chemical discovery
Johann Heinrich Schulze discovered that exposure
to light would darken silver nitrate Finally, in 1814, a Frenchman, Joseph Nicéphore Niépce, became the {rst person to create @ photographic Image However, his' discovery wasn't a very practical one’ because his Image needed to be exposed to light for at least eight hours! And, more importantly, the image quickly faded,
However, after this, the development of photography quickly snowbaited, and, within a generation, we had What very closely resembled modern day photography
Niépoe died in 1833, But his business partner, Louis Daguerre, continued to experiment
Finally, in 1837, Daguerre pertormed possibly the greatest or most Important feat in the history of photography when he became the first suGcessTully
10 capture an image that did not fase in athee words, this was the first permanent image He accomplished this by immersing the image in salt Also, he developed Photographic plates, which significantly reduced the required exposure time to thirty minutes As a result
of this, many artists at that time felt that this would seriously jeopardize their livelinoods, and some predicted that painting would cease to exist,
In 1841, William Henry Talbot developed the first egative-positive process, which made It possible to have muttiple copies of the same image, But exposure times stil took three to fifteen minutes Madern-day photography is based on the same principles that he sed Finally in 1851, Frederick Scott Archer invented the Colodion process, in which images only required a few seconds of light exposure This was aiso cheaper
‘and therefore made it possible for most middle class Peopite to have their portraits done The first mass- market camera was sold in 1900 It was called the Brownie In 1913, the first 35mm still camera was developed, and then, in 1927, General Electric invented the first modern flashbulb Polaroid cameras were first marketed in 1948 In 1973, instant cameras were Introduced, and then, in the mid 1980s, we had the arrival of digital cameras
Wt: I'm glad you've alt dane your reading assignment
'So now, um, perhaps, someone can remind us what archetogy is about!
\W2: Well, according to what we have read, it's a science which studies ancient cultures and past human activities
W1: Ảnd how do we study these ancient activites?
Trang 5'W2: Wel, the ancients left tte or no writer history, but archeologists can learn a lot by examining ancient remains such 2s.buildings; tools, graves, artifacts, and stuff like that They use these to-reconstruct the past
Wi: Yes Andi these remains are our chief source of knowledge of prehistoric and ancient cultures
Where do ercheoiogists get their information?
we: They get it by digging
WI: Yes They excavate the ground, Usually, this means digging a big hole They expose, process and record the remains of each archeological site,.One kind of archeology is rescue archeology which is
‘sometimes referred to in your readings as salvage archeology or preventive archeology Rescue archeology is the survey and excavation of areas
of archeological interest that have recently been
‘So-archeologists must urgently excavate so that they don't impede the developers in other words, they have to rescue the site before the bulldozers
‘move in Un these archeologists have to operate with tight deadlines, This means they.need to record the detaiis ofthe remains quickly The actual fieldwork is conducted by an army of mobile, professional archeologists who are skilled in this, type of work Flescue archeology is more common
In cities: because that's normally where ancient Civilizations were located and where:the remains lie t's also where develooment usually ocours
‘The bulldozer is not the only concern for rescuers, Many sites have suffered a lot of erosion, which adds to the peril of the situation This is
‘another reason for the urgent need to rescue,
‘The excavation becomes an exercise in damage
‘control, where the team tries to limit the amount cof damage that has or wil inevitably occur We call
‘this damage control M: Is there always such an urgency to excavate? Don't they ever take their time?
WI: Oh, of course What | described were the urgent
‘cases Often there is no emergency or deadlines
30 they indeed have a lot more time and can
‘examine things more closely We call this research excavation During research excavation, the archeologists have alot more resources to-assist
‘their work They can work at a relaxed pace; and thay can excavate more fully Time is simply not of the essence Usually, the people working on such
310
M
wt
wi,
wii
sites are the academies and private societies who have sufficient labor and funding
‘So where does excavation occur?
1: Right now, as we-speak, there: are thousands of {igs taking place all over the world
But, | mean, are there any near here?
No, not around: here Not inthis state
‘So where are al of the excavations occuring?
Well, surprisingly, despite their size, there are not many excavation sites in Canada and the U.S
In fact, right now, Mexico has more digs than anywhere else in the Americas The countries where extensive ancient civilizations were located tend
to have more archeological sites in the Americas,
‘Mexico and Peru hava the most excavations But
at any given time, you would likely find a lot of digging in places like tran, Egypt, Greece, and Italy
‘Ab, a good example would be Pompeii, the ancient Floman city that was: destroyed by a volcano in 79
AD, It was rediscovered in 1748, and ever since
‘that time, a lot of excavations have been going on
‘there, even as we speak
‘So we've discussed and looked at architecture,
‘sculptures, and a number of paintings, Are there any ather art forms?
Yeah, we didn’t discuss literature yet
Nor have we discussed ceramic arts A lot of art
‘students are not interested in this art form because they don't see it as being glamorous But | think it does deserve some of our attention What exactly
‘ceramics?
Ws made from clay It's things like mugs, cups, plates, pots, ties, and | think bricks, too
Yes! Generally, ceramic arts, which are sometimes referred to as pottery, are pieces made from a
‘combination of inorganic non-metallic materials and heat In other words, it's earthenware And Indged, the most common ingredient is clay, but it's usually mixed with various minerals Typically
‘pottery is something you've been using your entire Ife 1 mean it’s usually kitchenware and various
‘other kcins of containers It usually has utilitarian
‘purposes, and sometimes it's designed purely for
Trang 6
decorative reasons, Because of its practicality and durability, i's probably the oldest form of art Many pleces date back several thousand years to the
‘age of prehistorie man Early man had little time {or decorative art but developed pots primarily for [practical reasons: imagine drinking water all these
‘centuries without Cups or eating without plates!
We: How do they mak i look so refined? What you'see inthe stores and museums hardly looks like clay!
IM: Oh, Fem glad’ you shed that question First, much
Of the kitchenware that you See in stores le mass Produced infactoties: But making beautiful, refined-looking p6lery Is not dificult Many pots
‘are made in old fashioned, modest studies as they
‘were hundreds of years ago And they're made bby hand Potters might use a potter's wheel, but
‘that’s all The’ potter starts with a hunk of clay, shapes it with his*hands, and then lays it out to
ry Later, the potter heats it up in an oven, which
we call a kiin This hardens the clay: Onee it's heated, the shape becomes permanent and can
no longer be modified This is-why pottery is so
‘endurable Pots are usually heated at an extremely hhigh temperature, which varies with the purpose
‘Sometimes, the'pots are heated twice, but they're always glazed before the final fring, which gives them that refined look and makes it non-porous
‘Atso, when painters use pots or plates as a canvas
‘and devote & jot of attention and detail to the design, that works wonders, too
W1: So hơwy hình do the pots have to be heated?
Me Well, 2s | said, that depends on the purpose of the art form ithe’ temperature 18 tieated to more than 1.200%; tt wil essentially turn the clay into manmade stone: We call this stoneware It's hard enough to resist scratching A tot of fancy plates are made this way, and, with the touch of .3 skilled painter ‘they can be made to’ look very
‘Beautiful There are other types of pottery, such as earthenware and potteiain Eartheriware is heated below 1200 degrees
g & Speaking
‘As | mentioned to you, there'l be @ number of questions
‘about free trade and protectionism on next week's
‘exam So keep in mind that trae trade is basically the free-flow of goods and services between nations
Usually, this means the absence of tariffs, quotas
Subsidies, and restrictive regulations which limit the flow
‘of business between two nations Protectionism is the
‘covernment restraining trade between two nations tie basically the opposite of tree trade and includes euch protective measures as taritts, quotas, government regulations, anti-dumping laws, and subsidies One major advantage of free trade ( that it keeps prices down, but at the same time, it can hurt domestic
‘businesses and reduce domestic wages Protectionism Protects domestic businesses, domestic jobs, and domestic wages while keeping prices higher
Ceramic arts, or pottery, are items that are made from various natural ingredients tke olay and other minerals, Most pottery has a practical use, like for bowls and plates So, how do we make pottery? Well i doing so
by hand, frst the potter uses a potter's wheel to mold
«2 plece of clay into the shape he wants Then he lets it
‘dry, and, after that, he bakes it in an oven called a kin,
‘When the clay is heated, it hardens, thersby making ts
‘shape pertnanant: After that, the pot ie done OF course, sometimes the potter heats it again, but not before glazing the pot That's a process which gives pots that nice look that most of them have, it sounds ike a difficult process, but t's really not that hard at all
M: Excuse me Do you work here?
W: Oh sure What can | do for you?
\M: Pm looking for the law books?
W: Law's in Section G over there!
‡m
Trang 7
‘MeL was just there | saw only a few books there,
Wi Lnow Most of the law books are soi directly from the aw school Which book were you looking for?
AM: ineipies of European Business Law
Wi Oh, som, We're not caning that ane anymore, M: That can't be right Are you sure?
\W: Just @ minute Let me look on the computer You
‘id Principles of European Business Law, right?
Yup
The author is Roman Roman Picard?
Thats it
‘Yeah, I'm afraid we don't have’
{need it for one of my courses
‘re you a law student?
No, m in business
'Wel the semeator is half over Why are you looking for it now?
1M: know, but ide't have time to ead it yet, 90 I dint bother buying it The midterm exam fs next week, 90
‘row I have read it W: Our shelf space is very imited So, often four or five
‘weeks into a semester, we send unsold books back
to our supplier or directly tothe publisher, especially
if the textbook is not required for the next semester:
This one's probably not required next semester M:Yeah, you're right This course is offered next semester, but | think i's with 2 diferent professor, and he'l probably use a different textbook
Perhaps you could find it in the library From my understanding, the university is required to put one copy of each textbook in the library
IMs didn’t know that, but | prefer to buy @ copy This way | can markit up Gan you order another copy?
WE No Not for just one student
MM: Well, what should 1 do?
|W; Why don’t you ask your professor to contact us? We
‘can order single Copies for professors Maybe he'd
be wiling to cooperate
AM: Okay, but he's out of town today, and Tím nọt sure when he's coming back Are there any other options?
Ws Well, Jaw books are usually dificult to find You'd never find them in a regular bookstore, You could check some other universities that have law school,
ut unfortunately, they probebly don't use the same lontbooke
Henn
{Ihave a thought The book was used last year, so You might be able to find a copy of tat one of the used bookstores
M; Oh, good idea! | dit tink ofthat
#£SEš#E£E
z=
\We Yas, there are two used bookstores on campus
(O'Hara's is in the Student Building, and there's also Bargain Books, which is next door to us
M:Okay, Are there any other used bookstores on campus?
\W: No, but it wouldn't hurt to check out Spider Books, It's just a block south of campus, and it carries 3 lot of used textbooks ffom this university It's the biggest used bookshop in the city
Mc Okay, and if that doesn’t work, are there any other alternatives?
W: Yeah, just do what my sister and a lot of her friends are doing
M: What's that?
We They're buying a lot of their textbooks online, Check the online bookstores Check Amazon anc E-Bay They've got just about everything, including textbooks And they ship things very quickiy
M: Oh good idea Thanks a lat
\W: No problem Good iuek
M: So for these reasons, when you're camping, be sure you take all of the necessary precautions ! avoid bear encounters
\W1: | have a question, M; Please, go ahead
W1: This winter, ("ll be going camping It'll be the first time I've ever tried winter camping | was wondering, um, since bears usually hibernate during the winter, do we ah, do we sti have to take the same precautions as when we go camping ín the summer?
Me Yest First of all, you don’t know when bears are going to start hibernating, and you don't knau
when they're going to stop hibernating, and most importantly, bears don't hibernate!
\W1: Ont Rely?
M: Yes, really The stories you were told as a chile about bears hibernating are not true Bears are no!
true hibernators Let-me repeat that Bears don’t hibernatal True hibemation essentially means total Inactivity for several days or weeks It's a state or 1a phase that some animals experience when the days become very short, the temperature cools,
‘and food quantities are fmited Furthermore, there
Trang 8
pus,
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So
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i
nn
and
posing
ators
ng, be
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fare diferent kinds of hibemators Teue bibmation
's also referred to as deep hibernation because the animat's body is inactive tor & very long period, its
‘body temperature decreases to five degrees or less, its metabolism decreases, and its breathing slows
‘down True hibernation is a survival mechanism
‘uring the tong, cold winter season when food
Is scarce, Deep hibernation allows-the animal to conserve its energy: Their slogp is 90 deep that they
‘cannot be awakened This allows animals to skip
‘over the cold, stresstul winter Bears are not tue hibernators! They can awaken during the winter
Please remember that!
Wt: Ah, $0 what happens to bears during the winter?
Mi Wel, bears ere torpor hibemnators This means they are not true hibemators lke some smaller animats
‘orpor hibernators are inactive nly for a‘short time, perhaps during the coldest hours ofthe night They don't sleep for severe! weeks lke true hibernators,
‘and thelr temperature never drops to fs degrees
In fact, bears’ temperatures rarely drop below thirty degrees When an animal isin torpor, i's capable
of quick arousal Some bears will sleap for several weeks, but even if they do, they are capable of waking up very quickly That's why bears are dangerous ail year round!
\W2: How do animals know when to hibernate?
M: Well, some hibernators, like reptiles, are capable
of predictive dormancy, which means that as the
‘days decrease In-length, they can anticipate winter
‘epproaching, ahd then they begin hibernating
‘eutomatically, Because they can anticipate cold
‘weather, they can avoid the potentially fethat cold
‘season by going into hibernation Other animals, are not capabie of this anticipation They're only
‘capable of consequential dormancy In other words, they don't hibernate untit they've been exposed {0 cold weather Ifthe winter is mild oF the animal {is located In an area where the seasonal westher
‘conditions are unpretictable, It might stay active al
‘winter f conditions permit: ft gets too cold, it oan start hibernating
\W2: So which animals are deep hivernators?
M: Some:ot the:deep hibernators are chipmunks, woodchucks, snakes, box tutes, and toads Torpor hibernators include bears, raccoons, and skunks
‘The non-hibemators are red foxes, gray squires, and wild turkeys
HN
3g
Trang 9
(Mt; Hello, Professor Cronkite, | was just wondering if
‘could speak to you for a few minutes
‘M2: Certainly, Patrick What can | do for you?
‘Mi: Well, | guess | had a little trouble understanding
your lecture today when we were discussing
‘Mountaineering and the dangers of high altitude
sickness Could you go over what causes high alttude sickness again fs not too much trouble?
(Me: Of course, Patrick t's no trouble tal Lat me start
at the beginning 80 there is no confusion Fist of
ail, high altitude sickness refers to an iliness that
‘ean occur in people when they travel abave a
certain number of fest, say, if they are driving a car
up a steep mountain, mountain climbing, oF fying
in an airplane Was that part of the lecture clear this
moming?
M1: Oh yes | only started getting confused when you
began discussing the chemistry behind it and what happens inside the body
‘M2: Okay, so what causes high altitude sickness is the lack of oxygen in the atmosphere the higher you
ascend The concentration af oxygen in the-air
that most people are used to is around 21%, and
the barometric air pressure is around 760mmHG
Now, a9 you ascend, the concentration of oxygen {nthe air does:not change, but what does change
is that the number of oxygen motecules per breath
| reduced due to @ lower barometric pressure
For example, it you were to climb a mountain that
‘peaked.at 12,000 feet, you would be inhaling 40%,
fewer oxygen molecules per breath at the top than you would at the bottom of the mountain
MI:se@ 8o a person feos ill because he cannot get
‘a5 much oxygen into his bloodstream as he is
used to But how does @ person know he has high
aitude sickness? What kinds of symtoms does
M2: Wel, if you've ever ridden on an-airplane, you know that there ia alwaye ono ot two pesple: on board _
whe levi lightheaded or nauseous However, others:
fon the plane may not show any symptoms since they are accimatized to the conditions
Mi: L know you tatked about i in class, but what does
acclimatized mean again?
(M2: Acclimatized means that you've allowed youreett
to become used to the conditions little by little
34
‘There are some simple:thingseact person can
do to becomeracciimatized to-aititude, especially
Ìf you are doing something tke:hiking The:main cause of high altitudes sickness is that you ascenc!
too quickly; so your body:has:no-time'to adjust
but here are somethings ‘you can do to-help you acclimatize: Ty to-start your: ascent under 10,000
‘eet, and ascend slowly: you are fying, try not to
do anything too strenuous the following day Always
‘ty to stay well hydrated
‘Mts What does hydration have to do with preventing high attitude sickness?
M2: Oftentimes, the process-of acclimatization is accompanied by fluid: loss)'so:staying properly
‘hydrated wi help replenish your body
MtvThank youvery much for'your time, Professor
‘Cronkite | think I understand high altitude sickness
‘much better now
(2>"You're ery weloome;'Pafvlekc And thank you for
‘being brave: enough to come by-and ask for my help ‘So many students are:too embarrassed to admit they need help, but that ts what we are here Mfor 10: make’ sure: you understand the concepts and help you realize your tui potentil
M: Hallo How may | be of assistance?
W:Hi My name is Saly Morgan, and Ì am a senior on
‘campus em-here because I would like to extend my
‘stay in my dorm room for one more semester
(Mz And why ist that you need to-extend your stay?
W: Well, you see, am getting my major in education, and | thought | would be through with ai of my classes by: this winter, but my professor remindec
‘me that \-need to remain in the area for one more
‘semester:to do my student teaching Student
‘teaching is the main part of my degree
M;Qkay, can you tell me:what dormitory you currently vein?
\W: Garter Dormitory
M: Okay, fet: me check my computer here to see what
it says about the Carter Dormitory, Oh, I'm sorry
Trang 10‘but it looks tke we have allocated all of the rooms in your dorm-to some incoming foreign students next
‘semester { am afraid you will have to make other
‘arrangements
W: But why can't ekay? 1 ame paying student, and this
‘is my fourth year 1-have to:remain in:the area! I |
‘don't do my student teaching here, then | forfeit my degree!
(Mi | understand that, Sally, however you must remember
‘that you signed an agreement iast semester stating that you would not need your dorm room after the
‘term, Do you remember that agreement? We have
‘Given that room to'a foreign student
\W: But can’t you just-tallthe forsign student that you
‘made a mistake? She could live off-campus or in
‘another dorm! Surely { should have first choice since ' have bean here the iongest
cA of the other dorm rooms are-accounted for, and
‘to have the foreign student try to fend! for himsett off campus would be very irresponsible on the part of
‘this university Imagine if you Were only just learning Chinese and: đebfdød to study abroad in China for
‘one:semester: Do you think you could take it upon
‘Yourself to find: yaliF-own-housing if your student housing fell through? How would that make you feat?
\W: suppose | would feel very alone and scared Oh | S89 your point
'M:| am somy you cannot live in your dorm room next
‘torm, but think about it this way Those dorm rooms
‘are due for an upgrade You see how oid they are
‘and how desperately they need repair work done |
am sure you can find &-realy nice place off campus,
‘berhaps with your friends, where your roomt'is much iniver than the cné ou are in right now
W: Yedh, gu¿ss do My riend dế say that he fieeded
‘another roommate for next sernester Sorry Twas so
‘spiteful initially | apologize
‘Mi That's fo (probe Sally: Think yoi Very’ uit for understanding the situation
l3
IM: Yes, Miss.<Gan t help you?
`W: certainiy:hope sot My name: is Cherie, and L have
‘booked 4 toom in Lincoln Hall to practice the piano
However, when | went in the room just now, | heard a
‘ange group of men working on the building They are making 80 much notes pounding and sawing that | can hardly hear myself play!
Oh, yes lam 80 sorry for the inconvenience, Cherie,
‘but I an afraid we are in the middie of renovating the hall, and we need to get this construction done before the big concert | know It seems very Inconvenient for you, but now was the best time for
‘the construction crew to come in
`: Buf 1 am lao preparing for the concert, and i's only
‘six weeks away! | have decided to play a challenging
‘Bach piace and need all the practice can gat Can't the construction workers come in after hours or earty lnthe momlng?'
M:Well, perhaps the construction workers coming
In during the:early morning or evening would be
‘convenient for you, but | doubt it would be’ very convenient for ail of the students tying to-sleep
Ìn the dorme next door: NO one wants to hear the
‘Sound of a hammer or Saw at midnight! 1 do not want
‘0 sound rude; but you are not the only person who
Is involved withthe concert There are many students Who seem to be making other arrangements while
‘the men finish the work
‘Yes, but I don’t want toed thélound of a hammer
or a saw when 1 am practicing! And of course it may 'be easier for other students to practice A futst can take his flute wherever te wants'to practice, but a piano is nt very mobitet
IM: Again, | understand thet this is an'incanvenience, but the construction workers will only be here’ for one
‘week, s0'we' decided that i they need to be here for 8 week, we would ‘at least book them early enough before the big coriéert so that everyone would be
‘guaranteed good, silent practice times five weeks
‘rior tothe performance
Ws But what'am 1 supposed to do?’ needa full six weeks of practice to-get thie Bach piece'potished
NecHow about we make a compromise? There is 2
‘Blan the baserient of the theator building that is tiled’ during’stage musicals that is not being used
‘at the moment: 1 could give you written permission
4 'gat into the: building for che'Week sơ thất you
an practice your piece in’siience while these
‘construction workers are finishing up: Does that
‘sound fair?
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