To join sentences to nouns, we use relative pronouns: who for people and which for things.. SECTION 19 indirect speech ® grammar summary When we tell people what somebody said or though
Trang 1SECTION 18 relative pronouns
@ grammar summary
| who (whom) m)
We use relative pronouns to join sentences to nouns
The man was welsh(He) on the prize The nn hewor the prize was Welsh
We use who for people and which for things We can also use that for people and things
There’s the man who/that sold me my bike She said a word which/that | didn’t hear
—
which that what
We often leave out object pronouns
Do you remember those photos (that) | showed you?
Prepositions can often go in two places
The woman about whom we were talking walked into the room (formal) The woman that we were talking about walked into the room (conversational)
We can use what to mean ‘the thing(s) which’
The children always eat what | cook
@ pre-test: which units do you need?
Try this small test It will help you to decide which units you need The answers are on page 284
@ Correct (⁄) or not (X)?
> We stayed in a hotel who had a beautiful 4 People that live in London are called
1 I didn’t like the man which my sister S Is the book you’re reading interesting?
married 6 I’m spending the day with some people | know
2 Did [ tell you about the film which we 7 The people came to dinner stayed very late
saw? 8 The girl | work with gave me some flowers
3 Eric said a word which I couldn’t 9 1 don’t believe anything what she says
understand it 10 Have you got what you need?
art-ist “a:tist; Am ‘a:rt-/ noun 1 a person who creates works of art, especially paintings or drawings: an
wen col
bee /bi:’ noun 1 a black and yellow flying insect that
can sting Bees live in large groups and make HONEY (= ;
ao ee Re renee P" “ÝÝ cưới weed
builder noun 1 a person who builds things, esp one na aa te 2 (i d Ị
whose job is building houses etc 2 {in compoun S.A
h
person who
burg-lar “b3:gla(r), AmE ‘b3:rg noun a person who
enters a building illegally in order to steal C note at \
cheese ‘tJi:z) noun 1 [U, C) a type of food made from
milk that can be either soft or hard and is usually white $
or yellow in colour, a particu , {
plant’ /pla:nt, US plent/ noun 1 [C) a type of living thing that grows in the earth and usu has a stem, leaves t
Trang 2relative who and which _ the keys which I lost
We can use sentences to describe nouns
To join sentences to nouns, we use relative pronouns: who (for people) and which (for things)
The man plays golf Hehives at No 10 The man Who)tives at No 10 plays golf
The letter is for me You sa The Ieter@hiclyou saw is for me
I like the girl Ghe)works with Ann [ like the girl hò work: with Ann
I've got those books You wanted I’ve got those books €hicByou wanted
1) Put in who or which
1 The people live downstairs are Irish
2 The shop sells that good bread is closed today
3 The dictionary ] bought yesterday isn’t very good
4 That cheese you like comes from Scotland
5 Do you know the girls are standing by the window?
6 I can't ñnd the key opens this door
7 Ứve lost the ear-rings Harry gave me
8 The police are looking for three men robbed the Nationa! Bank yesterday
9_ We know the woman teaches French at Jane’s school
We use who or which instead of he, him, she, it etc Don’t use both
The woman who she teaches me French is ill Here 5 the address which you wanted &
€Circle the Correct answer
There’s the man who took / he took your coat
Do you know the people who live / they live next door?
I like that woman; she ts /is very kind
I’ve found the keys which I lost / lost ther
Do you like the new dress which | bought / bought it yesterday?
The car which is parked / it is parked outside belongs to Susan
This is a new kind of knife: cuts / it cuts everything
The poems which Mark writes / writes them are very hard to understand
The man who makes no mistakes
does not usually make anything
(EJ Phelps) `
Sa emer ee ee ee ene i een Ste ate ee
238 RELATIVE PRONOUNS
Trang 38Ø Look at the picture and the information, and write sentences with who
woman
flat 2
woman
Q Join the sentences in the place marked * Change he, it etc to who or which
>» Most of the people* speak German They live in Austria
Deere mewn asc ces ecco rade reser neeeeebeeeeneeres
COR ap eT ee rece c we mee Orbe m eee eee HCOOH ESCO eres ETE D CEEOL SEE ER DES OES DO EH EEO OEE DEES EEE H OER ODES EEE Oa THEE TENSE ORD E EDD OEE e HEE EDS ee
CỐ OED DEN ESO ENE E ESE ES EOE SHEE EEO DERE DOERR EO HDDS EEE EES OER O ED mae ee eeEesesee
2 Yesterday I met a man* He works with your brother
CC ỐC
3 The child* was ill She didn’t come to the party
ee mee meee ee RRR ee meee EEA eee MEMO R DEERE DHE LOOSE EEE EEE REDE DE ODED REDE ESHER EEE ORE ESHER HOES EES EEE 0 cà 6 0004600000606 0 0004000006 0 6 2066000946006 096206 08 401v vn nhe
Oe eee emma ree tee tere eee ee ROO HEED D EOE E OED EEE Hee EEE OO EEE DE EOE EHH Cố
nN ¬ > ® oe
œ QQ œ * = ® — ® c ® a Ss © E œ > + as ® 3 < ® ư - ® ¬ a Đ› <<
Pere eee Cee 0 00 in lo 9 ÓC Ó O0 0007 000200000 60 6 6 0 Qoớ Bo 9 Đo 0 GIẢ BÀ 6 0 0 0000 000060900 60 0 6 9 94 46060000 660960604 000000 00566 6 6090660000006 400060 60 0ó 00 ® 9 2024200 0000 er rrr errr er eere eee ee ee err errr re eee es
6 Here5 the book* You asked me to buv it for you
COR eee COR mee Rae eee ee eres meee eR Ee eR T ERR O EERE EO OREO HEED BOE OHO eee EERE E EEE EOE EOE HEE EERE HOES DEERE HOE EEE EERE TRAM E EEE DEE 02 00 6 0 04 4600046066 66 466020004 090 6 9 hiên 6
7 {don’t like the man* He is going out with my sister
Ree eee eee ee eRe EHD MOORE OE HES E REO H ODES DERE E OEE EEE DOE DEER DEEDES ESHER E HOES EEE EOE O EH EEE RE OES E EEE EERE OEE OEE EEE REE A RHEE R eee Hea Eee eee en ee®
We can use whom for people when the relative pronoun is the object of the following verb
I’ve just got a postcard from a woman whom I met on holiday last year
But whom is formal and unusual In spoken English, we more often use that (see page 240), who or
nothing (see page 241)
Ive just got a postcard from a woman who/that | met on holiday last year
OR I've just got a postcard from a woman {| met on holiday last year
RELATIVE PRONOUNS 239
Trang 4relative that a bird that can’t fly
We can use that instead of who or which
The man that lives at number 8 is getting married You haven't drunk the tea that | made for you
Q Join the sentences in the place marked *, using that
> I'd like to speak to the person’* She wrote this letter
C1 5 1e +9 0 ỀŸ ee ca eet fare ere Ve mesa tess cade dees rere ree bes sees Hae H Etat TEE OHSS SSOTOSF EEA OEE TEESE EEE SEH ERE EE ETO ES EEE S EEOC ETO EEE OUE FESS E ETHER HOUTEN H NEN OSS
COO eee mee ee ree O Here H EO ORDO mH eee EOE O 0 0 0 6 00000 0 0009 ph 0 0 0 0 00000 0D 0 6000000042000 0 006 066600668 0 0 0000000400040 5 00000 2 0660 0064 0000009090090 0000 00400440006 00006004 0cơ bi 0i 0 6 006009 V009 0060056226 vn h0 00 005
2 Is that the computer*? It doesn’t work
PRR ee Rem me eee eR ECE R CREDO ROOT Hr EEE OSH DOT REDO EEE HORE DDE O EEO E ER EEE DEO OEE EH EET EET R EEE R HEED EEE R HEHE EHC TEER ESSE EE OEE MH EEO HEED EEG EES EEE TOES OUST OHS E THEE DELO ESE
3 Those are the trousers’ I use them for gardening
Ooo e mee re me rere ete e EO err e eee EH EER EEO eH REM OO OOS EMER FREE ee ORES HORE HET RHEE TEER E aE E OEE EEE HR RHEE EEE SESE SEEEO STE HEHEHE OHS SEES SESE EEO E EES OUT EEE EEE OEES
4 A man* wants to marry my sister He lives in New York
5 The doctors* all said different things They looked at my leg
Í.(.Ố Ố ố ốỐẮố.Ố.ỐÚỐ Ắ
ÔôÔÔÔÔôÔÔÔÔÔÔ Ốc cố ốc Ố(C ố ỐỐ s ố ể
chAMMaR AND VOCABULARY: things that fly
Write descriptions with that Use a dictionary if necessary
Trang 5leaving out relative pronouns _ the car (that) you bought
When a relative pronoun (who/which/that) is the object of the following verb, we often leave it out
But we can’t leave out a relative pronoun when it is the subject of the following verb
(| phoned a man.) (A man phoned me.)
The man that { phoned spoke Spanish The man that phoned me spoke Greek
—> The man ! phoned spoke Spanish (NOT Fhemen phened-mespeke Greek:)
The train that you want leaves at 10.00 The train that stops at York goes at 8.00
— The train you want leaves at 10.00 (NOT Fhe trais-steps-at York -goes-at-8-06 )
@ is the relative pronoun the subject (S) or object (O) of the following verb?
> the woman wiv wrote this letter = 3 aman who(m) | helped
> the film that I saw © 4 the weather that we have had
1 the languages that she spoke S amachine that makes paper
2 a woman who helped me 6 that car which you bought
2) Look at Exercise 1 Find the expressions with object relative pronouns and rewrite them
without who(m), which or that
pm te fle na 3 sccecccssesecececececeecesscsssssseesssasecseseseenass
© join the sentences in the place marked * without using who, which or that
> The cup of coffee* is on the table You wanted it
An
Pee rece meee Reem nee e 8000000000 40 0 00 0 006000800 006000000000 000090600006 600060900 6009000000606000600060000562000000000006000009 0050600200200 00000000009 006006 20900 0009 29 b4 0 B0 4 0 9 00000 0 000 0660090800009 2/0 066 9 02 0 1m2 00
PRO Ome ree Hee O RECO REAR DOE DDS ORR EERE OEE REED DD ED DETERS AEE Ee HHH HEH S HEELS OOO EEE SHEE EEO E ESOT E ROHS ESE SHEE EERE EEE DERE OO HEHEHE DEH ERED uae eeeneree
Reem eee meee EMRE 9 60066 0 6 00000 2 S0 040009 ON DRE H EO OEE HESS HEED EOD EDD E OPER E OH 6056 6 00600 60060000 606 000 6-0906 0 0 066.9 46-2 6 0Á 0 60000.000.020 0906 2 509.4 90 42 0 00 4 0 6A 0 6 6 000 300 0 96009 0600 266 0 9 066 6662 006m tin
Án CÓ Bo CC hd ho ĐÓ CƠ Đ ĐÔ HO ĐÓ GB CĐ ĐÓ 0 0 0 00 0 À0 006000 60400600600 6006 6000 020000 0 0002000 lo óc 6Ó 6060606060000 600000 070 6 6 0206 6 606 0.20600006606000 6000 9009000 2 00 9 5006 hon dê dê ho CÁ Ề ĐÁ Đo 9 6 0 PA 0 0c hiên đi hon Bê Bê
Peewee ee eee ree Re Oe eee CÔ ĐO No o ho Bo G0 000 9 00 6 hoi ho Đo HO O5 66 6060809670 0 0 Qoie 66 6 bo 6600426000606 60606069000 4 0026 6 6 04 6 3 Aiá 6.6 00606000 2 0 9 660049 4 096 4 6 42 4 Bê Miền hi 0 6 0 00 0 0 00 6 V8 6
ee Gt ee ee ed Ree eee eee eee PERRET HERRERO EOE HOHE eee H SEEK DEERE EOD E OOK ES OEE EEEO EEE E SOEUR EHO OE OEE SHEE HE EEE Har EEO EEO EE OOE SOTTO LHe eee eee een areeeeeeete
RELATIVE PRONOUNS 241
Trang 6prepositions the man that she works for
Some verbs have prepositions with them (see page 136) — for example /ook at, listen to
When relative pronouns are the objects of these verbs, there are two possibilities:
e preposition before whom/which (very formal)
The woman smiled | was looking at her —» The woman at whom | was looking smiled
The flat was dirty He lived in it + The flat in which he lived was dirty
® preposition after verb (more informal; we can leave out who(m)/which/that.)
The woman (whom/that) | was looking at smiled The flat he lived in was dirty
@ change these expressions to make them more conversational Use that
> a boy with whom I went to schoo! 2.boy that | went to school en Hee
1 the gir! about whom IJ was talking 0.0 cece ẻ ẻ ố ố 6
@ Rewrite the expressions from Exercise 1, but leave out that
pa bout went to school with cu che raye Bo cccecesessesccsscsscsecsucssesevstesscsscessstcsesssetessessevevavsee
© Look at the information about Helen, and then make sentences (like the example) about
the people in her life
Helen fives in a big flat with a friend called Pam She works for a man called Eric At weekends she plays tennis with a woman called Monica Sometimes she reads to an 80-year-old woman called Karen, or baby-sits for people called Ann and Joe She is in love with a man called Bill
1 The man She Works 0 cccccccccccccscccceaeeceseeeeseseceaeeeeseueessaeeeseaeceseeecsssecsseeeseaseeeeeeeseuuscetausesssaesssueccauaarers
Trang 7relative what It was just what I wanted
We can use what to mean ‘the thing(s) which/that’ or ‘anything that’
Have you got what you need for your journey? (= ’ the things that you need .’)
I’m sorry about what happened ‘Can | have something to eat?’ ‘Take what you like ’
We use what with a singular verb
What | bought was mostly very cheap (NOT Whet+beught were )
@ change the words in italics to what
> The things that she said weren't true VVh4t Sh€ SAL8,Vd SH TK Ế cu ch ng ng ru
1 The things that he địd made everyDOdy an§[V ch TT ve
2 Take anything thaf YOU WATNẨ TQ vn TH TT nọ TH KT ng kg
3 Soap - that’s the thing that I forgot to paACKkÍ - QQc Hnn nh nnH T HH kh
4 She gave me a watch It was just the thing that LWamted, ccc cece eeeneenenaneeeeceeeeeeeseesetaneeenaaes
5 That child does anything that Ne WKES o.oo cee ceccececccnneeseenncaeeeeecceeeeeeseecenansaeeneeceeeecesseseneqeuenaeaereaeees
6 The thing that { need is some ÍOOC TL Q ng TH TT in Ấy Cán cv ch
€writc a sentence beginning What | need is
POCO er eee eH ee rer E ES ERE SHEE ORE e HEE HH Fe BETO ER HORE EEE R ECE EERE ORE R ESET ED OOO REE HOTT TEED ERE OHO E HEED MEO SORE MEOH EOS ODED ESTEE TEED EEE ED EE ODES OEE DEES OE ees OEE
We use that, not what, after anything, something, nothing, everything, all and the only thing
You can take anything that you want (NOT aenything»whet-youwent.)
The shop had nothing that | wanted All that | could do was stand and watch
Money is the only thing in the world that matters to him
© Put in that or what
l _Ibelieve everything she savs 6 I can't eat everything 1 like
2_.s she did surprised everybody 7 The only thing ] forgot
3 [can’t give vou you want was toothpaste
4 He said nothing was important 8 Ask Peter - he'll tell you you need
S Ican’t eat I like to know
© crammar and vocaBuLary: jewellery
Read the text and complete the sentences Use a dictionary if necessary
> Ann got a diamond brooch .4⁄4 46t V hat MO WOO cuc H21 111210 0111212121101 0 tr
2 Sally got a silver bracelet n ố
3 Jame got a Bold Watch, oie ẻ.eằea
4 Barbara got a pearl mecklace., oo cece cece HH nnn ng TH” HH hen g0 ki KT tk và
5 _Helen got sapphir€ €ar-TIDgBS Son HH HH HH TH HH
RELATIVE PRONOUNS 243
Trang 8test yourself relative pronouns
@ Correct (/) or not (*)?
The people which live next door have got five children
Do you know a shop who sells good cheese?
I didn’t understand the language which she was speaking
1 didn’t understand the language that she was speaking
I’ve found the dictionary that I lost it yesterday
The girls that | work with gave me flowers for my birthday
Where's the paper you wrote the address on?
You can have anything what you like
What she said made me very angry
@ Join the sentences in the place marked *, using who or which
CeCe meee eee ree EDO HEE HEUER HEHE HH ee MEOH OEE E RH EEO OEE RHEE H OT HEED ET EEE H HED EHH E RHEE REET ERED EEE H ER HEE OOOH CEH HTT O EEO H TT SESE ET OEE SET O EEE OTTO H HEHE EE EE HEES
CỐ
eee eee eee eee eee ee ee ee eee eee eee ee eee ee ee ee eee eee ee eee eee ee eee eee ee eee eee ee eee eee ree eee eee ee eee Cee ee eee eee ee eee ee Cee ree eee eerie
ố
© Join the sentences in the place marked *, using that
1 The tickets* were very expensive I got them
Pee ee eee reer ee HERO eee eR ốc ố ốỐỐ ố
eee eee OO me ERROR ee EERO O FEM OTOH REE SEETHER EES EERE EERE CEH EEE O DEERE HOES EEOC OEE ECO RHODE RHEE EEE SER D HS EOH PRES OES OSES EERO REDE R EHS E REED PEPE E OE RHEE EEE EEED
Pee ee ree ee rere eee eee Ree eRe HE ee Oe ee Oe HEE ROCHE DEE E EE EERE OOH EEE EEE E OHO EEDA DEES EE EOS EES E ERS OEE H HEED SEER EOD SERENE E HEED EES SEDER EERE DESEO EHD EHEAE DONE
Reem mee meee ORR E ROS OMOEA OHO OREO EOE TEE EDR EOE EERE OE EEE EOD ES ERE EOE EHEC EOE E TCC O ESSERE EHR E EEE EEE EARS OEE REE EES SAEED EHH Hee ee eR eeH eee eenoeene
0 Rewrite the sentences without relative pronouns if you can If you can’t, write ‘can’t
change’
> The people who live next door are Ítalian .Ê242, CN cuc HH 121111111111121111 111 trau
1 The clock that I bought doesn’t WOTK c cung HH HT TK
2 Ididn't like the ñÍm which [ saw last nighí LH Hy nh Hà HH TH th kg set
3 Here’s the letter that camme ÍOT YOU SH HH TT ng tk tiện
4 It was a journey that toOk twelve hOUFS ch HY nà HH HT tu HT
6 Change these expressions to make them more conversational
1 a boy to whom [ taÌked Qui xu
2 the people for whom Ï WOIK con» HH HH nhe
3 the hotel in which we staV€ ch HH kg
4 the place to WhICH Ï rOV€_ QQQQQGnHnnnHnnH TH n HH nh
244 RELATIVE PRONOUNS
Trang 9SECTION 19 indirect speech
® grammar summary
When we tell people what somebody said or thought, we often use indirect speech
Tenses, here-and-now words (like this, here, today) and pronouns (like |, you) may change in indirect
speech This is because the time, place and speaker may be different
‘I really like it here.’ Bill said that he really liked it there
We often leave out that, especially after common verbs like say and think
Bill said he really liked it there
Indirect questions have a different structure from direct questions
‘What is your phone number?’ He asked me what my phone number was
‘Do you like cherries?’ She asked me if I liked cherries
We can use object + infinitive (with to) after ask and tefl
@ pre-test: which units do you need?
Try this small test It will help you to decide which units you need The answers are on page 284
@ Correct (⁄) or not (X)?
> I said Peter where was he going * 7 I didn’t know if 1 was late
1 Aman asked me where the post office was 8 I didn’t know whether | was late
2 I said I’m really tired 9 I told Ann to not worry
3 John asked how did I feel 10 Jake told that he wanted a holiday
4 I asked somebody where was the station? . 11 Do you know where all those people work?
5 Can you say me what the time is? 12 Joe phoned me on Sunday and said he went
6 Mary asked me to help her to a great party yesterday
They told me, Heraclitus, they told me you were dead,
They brought me bitter news to hear and bitter tears to shed `
There are so many kinds of awful men — One can’t avoid them all She often said She’d never make the same mistake again:
him down the sky i
(William Cory) }
ff
SE oh AT BT ea A SIP BE GOT
INDIRECT SPEECH 245
Trang 10tenses and pronouns | Bill said he was really happy
UM REALLY 2
marty > Cx "a
When we tell people what somebody said or thought, we often use indirect speech
Tenses and pronouns (i, you etc) change in indirect speech if the time and speaker are different
For example, present tenses become past; / may become he or she, my may become his or her
BiLL SAIO THAT
SOMEBODY SAID/THOUGHT INDIRECT SPEECH
‘I’m happy.’ Bill said that he was happy (NOT Bisœid that m-hgaBpy-)
‘| have a problem.’ | thought that | had a problem (NOT Hheughtte-have-a_preblent.)
‘She likes me.’ He knew that she liked him
‘My feet are cold.’ She said her feet were cold
We often leave out that, especially after common verbs like say, think
Bill said he was really happy | thought it was a great party
@ Put in the correct pronouns (/ etc) or possessives (my etc)
> ‘She likes me.’ He knew she liked Wim
‘I speak French.’ He said spoke French
‘I’m sorry.’ She said was SOITy
‘Ann phoned me.’ She said Ann had phoned
“We want our money.' They said wanted money
We can use both say and tell in indirect speech Tell must have a personal object: we tell somebody
something Say doesn't need a personal object: we say something (to somebody)
She told me | was late (NOT Ske-tete-tHwes ate.)
They told Ann the wrong time (NOT they-totd-the wrong-tưme-to-Arm-)
She said | was late (NOT She-sơidme-Lweas-iate.)
! said nething to the police (NOT Lsaid-the-petice-notthing:)
_
@XCircle)the correct answer
1 I said / told the driver I wanted to stop 5 Eric said / told the waiter he couldn’t pay
2 My mother said / told there was a letter 6 I didn't say / tell Peter that I was going away
3 Everybody said / told | looked beautiful was Closed
4 Why did you say / tell the lessons were 8 Ann said / told that she would wait
© Put the beginnings and ends together, and look at the use of tenses
1 In 1896 Lord Kelvin said
2 In 1937 Hitler’s nephew Willi said
3 When Columbus got to America he thought
4 When Albert Einstein was 10, a teacher told him
5 Hundreds of years ago, people believed
aeroplanes were impossible 4
he would never be a scientist
his uncle was not interested in war
the sun went round the earth
he had reached India
Trang 11When we tell people what somebody said in the past, there is a time difference
(For example, somebody said something on Sunday, and | tell you about it on Monday.)
Because of this, tenses usually change as follows:
DIRECT SPEECH ON SUNDAY TENSE CHANGE INDIRECT SPEECH ON MONDAY
The children are in Ireland AM/ARE/IS —> WAS/WERE Karen said her children were in Ireland
My TY isn’t working He said his TV wasn't working
i have a meeting at 4.00 HAVE/HAS —> HAD She said she had a meeting at 4.00
Sue has passed her exam Sally told me Sue had passed her exam
i will probably be late WILL —» WOULD | thought | would probably be late
You can have three tickets CAN —> COULD The man said | could have three tickets
It doesn’t matter, Martin DO/DOES — DID ! told Martin it didn’t matter
The train leaves at 6.00 SIMPLE PRESENT —> SIMPLE PAST The timetable said the train left at 6.00
We ail speak English She said they all spoke English
| forgot my keys SIMPLE PAST —> PAST PERFECT _— He said he had forgotten his keys
4) Rewrite the sentences in indirect speech, changing the tenses Begin He/She/They said
P sALLY: ‘I’m tired.’ She sara (that) she was tired,
MARY: ‘Nobody wants to help €.” ác HH TK nh ch krr
ERIC AND SUE: ‘We haven’t heard from ]O€.” ch ng ng HH nu nu Bá ch KH ch vn
6 Look at the picture to see what John thought
when he was small Write his thoughts in
indirect speech ANIMALS CAN TALK, CATS HAVE NINE LIVES,
uc tiến Ha 9 d6 QUẾU t bi 6 24 664 0 0604/2602 0 066200006006 0 1000 0440 0 0Á 00 060922 00/060000002 (0á 00080 0 vi Perr rte eee eee eee eee cere ree eee eee eee eee eee eee ee eee eee eee eee ey
enc eeeecanaeeaeeenanseeeesaneceeeeeeeceeeeneeeeeeseyaaeeeeeeaaeeeenenaeeeenenss ALWAYS BEEN OLD
MY FATHER KNOWS EVERYTHING
SPAGHETTI GROWS ON TREES
ee re meme OER ROHR ee RRS CEES AEE on 9 9 9, 0 00002 lề 6 200 0 0 Ạ Đi 0 =9 0 0 0604 06899 008000809 0Ò
vẻ ỐỐÓỐỏỐốóốốố ố ố ố ố.ố ố.ẻ.ố.ố.ố.ố ố.ốố.ố ố.ố ố.ố.ố ố
hổ ỐỐỐỐ ẻố ốốỐốỐốố ốốốốỐốỐố.ốỐ.ốỐốỐ ố ốsốốố.ốốỐ ố ố.ốỐ.ốố.ố ch
If somebody said something that is still true when it is reported, tenses don’t always change
‘My parents don't write to me.’ -» She told me that her parents didn’t/don't write to her
+ For tenses after present reporting verbs (for example She says that she’s tired) see page 249
INDIRECT SPEECH 247
Trang 12indirect questions She asked him what his name was
Indirect questions have a different word order from direct questions, and no question marks: XXX
DIRECT QUESTION: Monica said, ‘Where is John?’ I said, ‘When can you come?’
INDIRECT QUESTION: Monica asked where John was ! asked when she could come
(NOT Menice-asked-where was-fohnZ)
We don’t use do in indirect questions
DIRECT QUESTION: ‘What do you want?’ ‘Where does Andrew live?’
INDIRECT QUESTION: She asked me what | wanted | asked him where Andrew lived
(NOT She-asked-me-what-did+ want )
Qa policewoman stopped a driver in London and asked him some questions Write the
questions in indirect speech
» ‘What is your name?’ Syne asked hum what his name was
DOD mee HCO ORM DOE TEE ERO OO RECO RH ea Ree OES REET HERR EHTS RCE R HERPES EEE E EHH HEE HE HATS E HEHE Tee CHROOT EEE SHEET OEE DELETE EEE OED
1 ‘Where do you ÌÏV€?” SH HH HT ch TT KT kh
“Where do yOu WOFTK?” - Q1 HH0 ni họ nh
‘Where are yOU ZOIMg?? 0
“Where have you Deen? o.oo eee
“What is the number Of YOUT CâT?” - TQ SH nh HT To TT trệt
WN
CRO meme er er OOO reer rere Ens H EOD EERO Eee EER N ERED OH HEE OED O EERE EHD D EOD E ED EEEPES SEER EET RHEE OEE OE TERE ETERS EE EE SHEER HONE OES OEE EES HOSTED EEEE OES EE EE ERS EE OED
Dee meee He EO eRe eC EO EEO CECH EE OEE DEERE HOE EEE EOE EET ESTEE EEE E EOE EEH EEE R EES HEL OR DOSER ERE E ERO EE OEE SEES SOTO E RSENS EET ORSRESS EERO EET OHHH TEE EE DEES OED EEEEES
With indirect yes/no questions we use /f or whether They mean the same
DIRECT QUESTION: Do you know Tim? Are you French?
Q The policewoman asked some more questions Write them in indirect speech with if or
whether
> ‘Are you British?’ She asked him if 16.W9S Btu ccccccccessesesssscstearssesesseeessesseseeescsneeneseeen
1 ‘Is it your car?’ She asked him whether HH TH TT HT kh hà
2 “Do you have a driving ÌiC€nC€?” HH» HH ng TH TT TC kh
3 ‘Do you have it With you?’ oo
4 ‘Do you always drive with the door Open?’ oo cee cece cee eeeene eee ee ce seen eneenenaeeeteseeeeeeeeeetianaaaeey
Ôi 660424620006 060008966 666000600402 00666000 000600800000 6-09 Ơn 0 bế 49 E6 000000066 0000604000000 620 0 Q00 66 09 K0 Go 6 6 0 0000 00600 0062220 0 670 0 trà 04 0 0664600600206 004000 260006 200 020 6 0 0004 6Á tớ hen G0 0 Bọn 0 0 V0 60 0
© These are some of the questions from a woman's job interview Write them in indirect
speech
MO Jee me COP mae RRO O ee EEE EMER e ee Hee R EHDA SEHR SEETHER OEE O OE ESHA HERE OO EROS E MENA HEEE OEE DTS E DERE EEe EEE HOHE RHE Ett eeenenie
2 ‘Do you have Children?’ oun
3 “Where have you worked Đ€fOr€?” cc TH HT TT kh HH gà nà KH hờ
4 “Why do you want to change YOUFT jOD?” LG HH nọ TT kg
¬ (ỐC (CC (( Ố (C.Ố.Ố Ố.(((Ố s.(
II DO ĐC ema 9À ĐC PO ĐÓ ĐÓ Ôn CĐ PM ĐÓ 6 00 000 6 00 0 020600 60000 000000600 60 00 049 6006 00 00966 600000 00 6 0 6 00400 64006060606 22 6 66 000 0 66 6060000 000 000 000006 0000022064046 090 tơ hiên t1 99 tr 6 6e ơn e
248 INDIRECT SPEECH
Trang 13present reporting verbs She says she comes from London
After present verbs (for example she says, | think) we don’t change the tenses
DIRECT SPEECH: ‘Well, yes, | come from London.’ ‘Funny - she hag a Scottish accent.’
\ INDIRECT SPEECH: She says she comes from London, but | think she has a Scottish accent
@ Complete the indirect speech sentences
> ‘I’m Irish.’ 11.2
> ‘Where is Peter?’ She wants to know WHEPE PEten Soc cccccsesceneeesestetseseseseeeeees > ‘Did John phonẻ’ I don’t Know L£1ôÌ\W, BH Q.2 1 ‘We live in Greecẹ’ They SâY , HH TH TH 2 ‘I went to Belfast yesterdaỵ’ ); đdđaỐ
3 ‘I’ve been ill.’ Ns CARY 0 ee 4 ‘It’s going to rain.’ She thinkKS - HH Hàng Tp xe 5 ‘Íll ask my sister.’ RS) 6: 4 HH nong no Km rre 6 ‘Wére going to be rich.’ I2 2
7 ‘Is lunch readỷ’ He wantS tO KROW ác HH HH vep 8 ‘Where did |] put my keys?’ T don’t remember
We can ask questions politely by saying Do you know .? or Can you tell me .? + indirect question (see page 248) Where does she livẻ -> Do you know where she lives? Is he at homẻ —> Can you tell me if he’s at homẻ @ Rewrite the questions > What does this word mean? Do you know YHat thls Wor EAS? oo cscescceasstesesceessesees > Is there a lesson todaỷ Can you tell me tÝ.thér€/<.4.Lssợt04AW1 coi Í 1 Where can I buy tickets? CaM YOU aẹ
2 How much does it cost? 0¬
3 Has John phoned? ® 0
4 Must I pay now? 9 0¬
5 Does Maria like steak? ® 0
6 Where did | park the car? 9=
We can also use indirect questions in answers Sorry, | don’t know where she lives ! can’t remember if hés married €} Don't give the answers! But write sentences beginning | know, | don’t know, Id like to know, | don’t want to know, | don’t care or | can’t remember > Who built the Eiffel Tower? ! Row who buult the Ecffel TOWO oo ccccssscssceeecssecssssssstetsessseees 1 What languages do Irish people speak? Q9 KH no HT TH giết 2_ What do elepharitS €af? HH Họ Ho HT kh i0 04 ch 3 Does the British Museum open on Christmas Daỷ HH HH HH KH kg kết Pee em Ree cere ỐC Ố.Ố.Ố.Ố.ỒỐ.Ố.Ố ỐỐỐ Ố Ố.Ố.Ố.Ố.Ố Ỏ Ố.Ố.Ồ Ó
4 Was King William Ua tall man?
5 Do Dirds dream? nạ ốẮ.Ắố
INDIRECT SPEECH 249
Trang 14
here and now — there and then
BILL SAID HE LIKED
IT THERE
When we tell people what somebody said, we may have to change words like here, this, today and now
This is because the place and time have changed since the words were spoken
BILL IN IRELAND IN DECEMBER JOE IN LONDON IN MARCH
[ like it here Bill said he liked it there / in Ireland
I'm going fishing this week He said he was going fishing that week
I'm not working today He said he wasn’t working that day
What do you want to do now? He asked what | wanted to do then/next
@ Match the direct and indirect speech expressions
DIRECT SPEECH: ‘here and now’ words INDIRECT SPEECH: ‘there and then’ words
3 this 8 last week C that H_ the week before
4 tomorrow 9 next week D the day before I then
Oa friend of yours said these sentences a month ago in another country
Now you are telling somebody what she said
Complete the sentences with the correct ‘there and then’ words
> ‘I’m not happy here.’ She said she wasn't happy EWFÉ: cưa
1 ‘I hate this place.’ She said she hated HH HH ng net
2 ‘I left home last week.’ She said she had left home_ ch nhe
3 ‘I wrote to my father yesterday.’ She said she had written to her father
4 ‘Are you leaving today?’ She asked me if I was leaving eee ees seessnceceeeeceeereesceennaees
S ‘Where will you be tonight?’ She asked where | would De 0.0 cece nhớ
6 ‘I'll phone you tomorrow.’ She said she would phone me Ặ nen
© Another friend of yours said these sentences two weeks ago in another town
Now you are telling somebody what he said Write the sentences with the correct tenses and ‘here and now’ words
> ‘I’m really happy here.’ He said he WS really MApRy there HH HH Hào
1 “Ilove oo 08 ©) Fo <a EES ESOS DEE SESESEES OOOO DEES EOSSSSSOSUSSINOOOTOOSOOOIISOSINOES
2 ‘Il saw a great film yesterday.’ 0
3 ‘I’m going to another party tonighi.” cung gu kh TH TH nh ng nhe khu eee ee eee eee eee Cee CeCe Cee ee ee eee eee Pee ee eee eee eee eee eee eee Cee 6.0 0 00 0Ó Go “ĐO Án nẾn dc Đ 6 M8 660400 646 ĐA Creer ree errr eee eee ee eee eee CeCe Tee rere cee err eee rere!
Oe eee ETE ORO ERR He OOS ROE DEES DHE E HEED REPO DERE ED RHEE EEE PESO EEO EEE R EEE TOES OEE EEE EHH E DESH RHEE EEE EERE SEER EEE RETO HES ORR HOE OEE eee eT Ee one ean nnee®
Se eee reer eee ee Ce eee ee eee ee ee eee eee eee eee eee eT eee ee reese er eee ere rere ree eee Cee eee eee eer eee cere eee eee eee SCC CCC CCE CCC eS Cee reer eee ee ee eee eee eee es
250 INDIRECT SPEECH