I’m really worried because people use electricity instead of fishing rod or net to catch fish.. After a short time they left the lake, a lot of small fish died and floated on the water [r]
Trang 1Unit 6: THE ENVIRONMENT
A/ New words:
I/ Getting Started – Listen and Read
environment / ɪn`vɑɪrənmənt / [n] môi trường > environmental (adj) Ex: If we keep our environment clean, we will live a happier and healthier life
garbage -> ~ dump / bin / `gɑrbɪdʒ / [n] rác thải > bãi/ thùng rác
dump > garbage ~ / dʌmp / [n] bãi đổ, nơi chứa > bãi rác
pollute > pollution (n) / pə`lu:t / [v] làm / gây ô nhiễm > sự ô nhiễm
pollutant / pə`lu:tənt / [n] chất ô nhiễm
unpolluted / ʌnpə`lu:təd / [adj] không / chưa bị ô nhiễm
deforest > -ation (n) / dɪfɔ:rəs`teɪʃən / [v] phá rừng, phát quang ; nạn phá rừng
Ex: Everyone must take part in preventing deforestation
dynamite / `dɑɪnəmɑɪt / [n, v] thuốc nổ ; phá hủy bằng thuốc nổ
pesticide / `pestəsɑɪd / [n] thuốc trừ sâu
volunteer / vɔlən`tɪə / [n] tình nguyện, tình nguyện viên
conservationist / kɑnsər`veɪʃənɪst / [n] người làm việc để bảo vệ môi trường Ex: Mr Brown is talking to some volunteer conservationists
plastic bag / `plỉstɪk bỉg / [n] túi nhựa
Ex: Each group should take five plastic bags
check / tʃek / [v, n] kiểm tra, xem xét ; cuộc kiểm tra
Ex: Group two should check the sand, and group three has to check among the rocks
kindly / `kɑɪdlɪ / [adv] tốt bụng, tử tế
provide / prə`vɑɪd / [v] cung cấp, lo liệu, phục vụ
Ex: Mrs Smith has kindly provided a picnic lunch for us, but we won't eat until the whole area is clean disappointed / dɪsə`pɑɪntəd / [adj] thất vọng
Ex: I’m disappointed that people have spoiled this area
achieve > -ment (n)
/ ə`tʃɪv / [v]
đạt, được -> thành tựu = acquire /ə`kwɑɪə/
Ex: What will they achieve if they work hard today?
similar / `sɪmɪlə / [adj] tương tự, cũng như thế
II/ Speak – Listen
try / trɑɪ / [v] cố, thử
protect > -ion (n) / prə`tekt / [v] bảo vệ, che chở
leaf > leaves (pl) / li:f / [n] lá cây
Trang 2wrap / rỉp / [v] gói, bọc lại
Ex: I think it would be better if we use banana leaves instead of paper or plastic bags to wrap
food
dissolve / dɪ`zɔlv / [v] phân hủy, tan biến đi, hòa tan
Ex: Because plastic bags are very hard to dissolve, they will cause pollution
recycle / rɪ`sɑɪkəl / [v] tái sinh, tái chế
Ex: Burning trash will pollute the air I think the best way to reduce garbage is to reuse and
recycle things
save / seɪv / [v] dành dụm, tiết kiệm, cứu vản, lưu vào
throw-threw-thrown / θroʊ - θru: - θroʊn
ném, liệng, quăng, chọi
trash / trỉʃ / [n] đồ củ bỏ đi, đồ vô dụng
Ex: I think we should never throw trash onto the water
directly / dɪ`rektlɪ / [adv] trực tiếp, thẳng, ngay lập tức
harm / hɑ:m / [n] sự thiệt hại, hại > harmful (adj)
Ex: Polluted water can directly do harm to people's health and kill fish
bin > garbage ~ / bɪn / [n] thùng > thùng rác
Ex: Why don’t we put garbage bins around the school yard?
prevent > -ion (n) / prɪ`vent / [v] ngăn chặn, phòng chống
Ex: How can we prevent air pollution? – Factories should not discharge poisonous chemicals, gases,
and smoke We should use more public transport and less private vehicles
instead of / ɪn`sted ɔf / [adv] để thay vào, thay vì, đáng lẽ là
Ex: I think we should use public buses instead of motorbikes
traffic jam / `trỉfɪk dʒỉm / [n] nạn kẹt xe
exhaust > ~ fume / ɪg`zɔ:st / / fju:m / [v] làm kiệt quệ > khói thải
How come ? / hɑʊ kʌm / [exp] sao phải làm vậy ?
questionnaire / kwestʃən`eər / [n] bảng / tờ câu hỏi, 1 số câu hỏi
litter / `lɪtər / [v, n] vứt/ bày bừa bãi ; sự bừa bộn
take turns / teɪk tɜnz / [v] thay phiên nhau
extremely / ɪks`tri:mlɪ / [adv] tột bực, cực độ, quá đáng
Ex: Our oceans are becoming extremely polluted
raw / rɔ: / [adj] thô, chưa tinh chế
sewage / `su:ɪdʒ / [n] nước thải, nước cống
Ex: Raw sewage is pumped directly into the sea
guilty / `gɪltɪ / [n] tội phạm, sự phạm tội, tội lổi
spill / spɪl / [v, n] làm tràn, làm đổ, sự tràn
Trang 3vessel / `vesəl / [n] tàu thủy, thuyền
Ex: A ship has an accident and oil leaks from the vessel This not only pollutes the water, but it also
kills marine life
waste material / weɪst mə`tɪərɪəl / [n] chất thải
proper / `prɔpə / [adj] thích hợp, đúng đắn
regulation / regju`leɪʃən / [n] sự điều chỉnh, sự qui định
carelessness / `keəlɪsnəs / [n] sự bất cẩn, sự cẩu thả, không cẩn thận
deliberate / de`lɪbəreɪt / [adj] cố ý, chủ tâm, có tính toán
Listen and fill in each blank with one word you hear:
Our oceans are becoming (1) polluted Most of this pollution comes (2)
the land, which means it comes from people (3) , there is raw sewage, which
is pumped directly (4) the sea Many countries, both developed and developing, are guilty of doing this Secondly, ships drop about six (5) tons of garbage into the sea each year Thirdly, there are oil spills from ships A ship has an accident and oil leaks from the vessel This not (6) pollutes the water, but it also kills marine life (7) , there are waste materials from factories Without proper regulations, (8) owners let the waste run directly into the rivers, which then leads (9) the sea And finally, oil is washed from the land This can be the (10) of carelessness or a deliberate dumping of waste
III/ Read
end up = reach a state of / end ʌp / [v] đạt tới, đi tới tình trạng
junkyard / `dʒʌŋkjɑrd / [n] bãi phế thải, nơi chứa đồ phế thải
second-hand / `sekənd hỉnd / [adj] (đồ vật) củ / dùng rồi
Ex: Well the world will end up like a second-hand junkyard,
With all of its treasures quite gone
tin
/ tɪn / [n, v] lon, hộp, đóng hộp -> tinned food: đồ hộp
Ex: The streams will be covered with foam
hedge / hedʒ / [n] hàng rào (hàng cây tiếp nhau)
nonsense / `nɔnsəns / [n] bậy nào, vô lý, lời nói vô nghĩa
wood > woods / wʊd / [n] gỗ > rừng
Ex: Because pollution is something that other folk do, We're just enjoying our day
silly / `sɪlɪ / [adj] khờ dại, ngớ ngẩn, ngốc nghếch
right away / rɑɪt əweɪ / [adv] ngay tức thì
row / roʊ / [n] hàng (ngang), hàng lối
rubbish = garbage / `rʌbɪʃ / [n] rác, rác thải
Trang 4flow / floʊ / [n] dòng
valuable / `vỉljuəbəl / [adj] có giá trị
precious / `preʃəs / [adj] quý, quý giá, quý báu
minimize / `mɪnəmɑɪz / [v] làm giảm thiểu ( mức thấp nhất)
Ex: What could you do in your school / house to minimize pollution?
IV/ Write
complaint
/ kəm`pleɪnt / [n] lời phàn nàn, than phiền -> complain (v)
complication / kəmplɪ`keɪʃən / [n] rắc rối, phức tạp
resolution / rezə`lu:ʃən / [n] cách giải quyết, quyết định, nghị quyết
director -> board of ~ / dɪ`rektə / [n] giám đốc > ban giám đốc
appropriate / ə`proʊprɪət / [adj] tương ứng, thích hợp
company / `kʌmpənɪ / [n] công ty, bạn bè, khách khứa
clear up / klɪə ʌp / [v] thu dọn, làm sạch
leave - left - left / li:v - left - left / [v] bỏ lại, rời, để quên
Ex: I would suggest that your company should tell your drivers to clear up all the trash on the ground
before leaving
break-broke-broken
/breɪk-broʊk-broʊkn/ [v, n]
phá, làm bể ; nghĩ ngơi
refreshment / rɪ`freʃmənt / [n] món ăn nhẹ, đồ ăn thức uống
Ex: The drivers have left lots of garbage on the ground after their refreshment
fly > flying saucer / flɑɪ / / flɑɪiŋ `sɔsər
con ruồi > đĩa bay
faithfully / `feɪθfəlɪ / [adv] chân thành, trung thực
electricity / ɪlek`trɪsɪtɪ / [n] điện, điện tử
electric shock wave / ɪ`lektrɪk ʃɔk weɪv / [n] sóng điện
surface / `sɜrfɪs / [n] mặt, bề mặt, bề ngoài
authority / ɔ:`θɔrɪtɪ / [n] chính quyền, quyền lực, quyền thế
prohibit > -ion (n) / proʊ`hɪbɪt / [v] cấm, ngăn cấm ; sự cấm đoán
fine / fɑɪn / [v, n] phạt tiền ; tiền phạt
problem / `prɔbləm / [n] vấn đề, bài toán
Example Writing :
A complaint letter
Trang 5Dear Mr President,
I’m writing to you about the catching of fish in the lake behind my house
I’m really worried because people use electricity instead of fishing rod or net to catch fish After a short time they left the lake, a lot of small fish died and floated on the water surface Other animals such as frogs, toads, and even birds also died from electric shock waves
I would suggest that the local authorities should prohibit and fine heavily anyone using this way of catching fish
I look forward to hearing from you and seeing the protection of environment from the local authorities
Sincerely,
Minh
V/ Language Focus
sigh / sɑɪ / [v, n] thở dài, rì rào ; tiếng thở dài / rì rào
fail the test / feɪl ðə test / [v] thi rớt (thất bại cuộc thi)
Ex: Tuan sighed sadly when he heard that he failed the test
fall - fell - fallen / fɔ:l - fel - fɔ:lən / [v] rơi, ngã, sụp đổ, lâm vào
amazed = surprised / ə`meɪzd-sɜ`prɑɪzd
kinh ngạc, sững sốt
win - won - won / wɪn - wʌn / [v] chiếm, đoạt, được, thắng
Ex: I’m amazed that he could win the first prize
respiratory / respə`reɪtərɪ / [adj] thuộc về hô hấp
Ex: If there is too much exhaust fume in the air, more and more people will cope with respiratory
problems
creature / `kri:tʃər / [n] loài vật, sinh vật
preserve / prɪ`zɜrv / [v] bảo tồn, giữ gìn, duy trì
seriously / `sɪərɪəslɪ / [adv] nghiêm trọng, hệ trọng, đứng đắn
shade / ʃeɪd / [n] bóng râm, bóng mát, chụp đèn
Ex: If we plant more trees along the streets, we will have more shade and fresh air
poisonous / `pɔɪznəs / [adj] độc, có tính độc
inedible / ɪ`nedɪbəl / [adj] không ăn được
Ex: If we use much pesticide on vegetables, the vegetables will become poisonous and inedible
B/ Word Forms :
1 achieve achievement achievable
Trang 6carefulness carelessness
4 conserve conservation conservationist conservative
6 disappoint disappointment disappointed disappointing disappointedly disappointingly
7 dissolve dissolution
8 deforest deforestation
9 environment environmentalist environmental environmentally
11 harm harm (to) harmful harmless harmfully harmlessly
12 protect protection protective
13 poison: đầu độc
poison: chất độc poisoning: sự nhiễm độc
poisonous
14 preserve preservation
15 prevent prevention preventable preventative
16 prohibit prohibition prohibitive prohibitively
17 pollute pollution pollutant polluted unpolluted
19 respire respiration respiratory
20 suggest suggestion suggestive suggestible
21 provide provision
26 persuade persuasion persuasive
28 respond response
31 refresh refreshment
C/ Preposition:
1 divide into: chia ra
2 provide sth for sb : cung cấp cái gì cho ai
3 provide sb with sth : cung cấp cho ai cái gì
4 be disappointed with sb / sth : thất vọng
5 give out : phân phát
6 throw trash onto the water : ném rác xuống nước
Trang 77 do harm to people’s health : gây hại cho sức khoẻ con người
8 prevent sb from doing sth : ngăn chặn
9 go on = keep on : tiếp tục
10 end up : đi tới tình trạng
11 be covered with sth : phủ lên, che bọc
12 litter with sth :vứt rác bừa bãi
13 clear up : thu dọn, làm sạch
14 look forward to + Ving
15 prohibit from : ngăn cấm
16 died from electric shock waves
17 be full of
18 complain about sth to sb
19 protect sb from sth
D/ Grammar point:
I Adjectives:
1 Adj can come in two places in a sentence
Adj + N: a beautiful girl, careful drivers
V + adj.: be, look, seem, appear, feel, find, taste, sound, smell
E.g.: You seem happy
2 Adjective clauses:
S + be + Adjective + that – clause (S’ + V)
That clauses come after adjectives that refer to feelings or certainty: afraid, angry, bad, certain,
disappointed, glad, happy, graceful, helpful, important, lucky, pleased, possible, sad, sorry, sure, thankful, true, wrong …
E.g.: I’m disappointed that people have spoiled this area
II Adverbs of manner: Adjective + ly
safe safely careful carefully happy happily wide widely
Some adjectives and adverbs are the same: hard, fast, early, late, far
Hardly (hầu như không), lately (recently), mostly (chủ yếu là) are not adverbs of manner
Adverbs normally go after the direct object
E.g.:- I read the letter carefully
- She worked slowly
III Adverb clauses of reason: Mệnh đề trạng từ chỉ lý do
A Because / As / Since + Clause :
We decided to leave early because / as / since the party was boring
B Because of + noun / noun phrase:
We cancelled our flight because the weather was bad
-> We cancelled our flight because of the bad weather
CLAUSE ( S + V … ) →
← NOUN PHRASE Thường có 4 dạng cơ bản sau:
Dạng 1:
Because + the + noun + be + adj
Because of + the + adj + noun
Trang 8Ex: - We can't go to school today because the weather is bad
We can't go to the school today because of the bad weather
Dạng 2:
Because + Tính từ sở hữu + noun + be + adj
Because of + Tính từ sở hữu + adj + noun
Ex: - He couldn't run very fast because his leg was bad
He couldn't run very fast because of his bad leg
Ghi chuÙ: Tính từ sở hữu: my, your, her, his, its, our, their
Dạng 3:
Because + Đại từ nhân xưng + be + adj
Because of + Tính từ sở hữu + noun
Ghi chú: Đại từ nhân xưng: I, you, he, she, it, we, they
Tính từ sở hữu: my, your, his, her, its, our, their
Ex: - Mary doesn't go to school because she is ill
Mary doesn't go to school because of her illness
Dạng 4:
S 1 + V … Because + S 2 + V …
S 1 + V … Because of + V- ING
Chú ý:
Nếu chủ ngữ vế đầu giống chủ ngữ vế sau ta có thể làm như sau:
- Bỏ chủ ngữ vế sau
- Lấy động từ về dạng V-ing
Ex: - Mary doesn't go to school because she is ill
Mary doesn't go to school because of being ill
IV Conditional Sentences (If Sentences): Type 1 Câu điều kiện loại 1
Ex: If I finish my homework, I will go to the concert
= I will go to the concert if I finish my homework
* If clause: If I finish my homework,
* Main clause: I will go to the concert
1 Form: Công thức
If + S + V(+s /es) + S + will + V +
can must
2 Use: Cách dùng
Diễn tả một điều kiện có thể xảy ra ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai
Trang 9PRACTICE
I Put in the adverbs:
1 Emma’s toothache was terrible Emma’s tooth ached
2 Henry was angry Henry shouted
3 I’m happy sitting here I can sit here
4 He was very thoughtful standing there He stood there
5 The children seemed cheerful The children played
6 The switch is automatic The machine switches itself off
7 James is very good at speaking English James speaks English
8 The debate should be public We need to debate the matter
9 She was charming She walked in front of the audience
10 Everyone was enthusiastic Everyone discusses the idea
11 The man had a soft voice The man spoke
12 Claire wears expensive clothes Claire dresses
13 The runners made a low start They started the race
14 The building has to be secure Did you lock all the doors ?
15 I had a strange dream last night I dreamed
II Supply either BECAUSE or BECAUSE OF:
1 It was difficult to deliver the letter the wrong address
2 We have to cut down on our driving there is an oil shortage
3 Rescue attempts were temporarily stopped the bad weather
4 They visited their friends often they enjoyed their company
5 Paul could not go to the football game his illness
6 Marcella was awarded a scholarship her superior ability
7 Nobody ventured outdoors the hurricane warnings
8 We plan to spend our vacation in the mountains the air is purer there
9 We have to drive around the bay the bridge was destroyed in the storm
10 The chickens have died the intense heat
III Supply the correct tenses or verb forms:
1 If you (be) a student, you will get a discount on textbooks
2 Unless you understand the lesson, I (explain) it again to you
3 She suggests (eat) _ in that restaurant
4 Please let me (know) _ if you know where she lives
5 They make their living by (catch) fish in the river
6 What can you do in your school (minimize) pollution?
7 It is difficult (study) _ Math
8 Mary has some difficulty (get) up early in the morning
9 We (have) lunch when he came here
10 He (not write) to his grandma recently
11 Mai (make) _ a new dress at six o’clock last night
12 Maryam and Lan (be) pen pals since last year
13 Tim (travel) _ around Vietnam last year
14 Let me (help) with the housework
15 I wish I (have) a lot of money to buy a new car
16 She wishes she (be) _ a singer in the future
17 Mai (make) _ a new dress at 7 o’clock last night
18 He (not write) to his grandma recently
19 You should (obey) _ your parents
Trang 1020 Lan is learning how (drive) a car
21 When _ you (buy) _ this book? – Two days ago
22 I suggest (take) a taxi to work
23 If you have a problem, I (share) _ it with you
24 He (get) _ up early this morning
25 How long you (know) _ him?
26 We (not buy) _ this car if it is expensive
27 If the pollution (continue) _, what will happen?
28 They made their living by (catch) _ fish in the ocean everyday
29 What about (go) to school or to work by bike?
30 If we go on littering, the environment (be) _ seriously polluted
31 When I came, my son (do) _ his homework
32 For a long time, my father (work) for Sai Gon commercial bank
33 The teacher asked me where I (come) from
34 We wish we (have) a good time tonight
35 It’s time we (stop) _ here
36 I always look forward to (respond) _ from you
37 We (go out) _ later if it stops raining
38 Do you want to watch TV? I (switch) it on if you want
39 If we (not leave) now, we won’t be late
40 If Tam does not apologize to me, I (not speak) _ to him anymore
41 Will you phone me tomorrow, if you (have) time?
42 If I am not too busy tomorrow, I (visit) _ you
43 He is tired because he stayed up late (watch) _TV
44 This newspaper is (publish) everyday It’s a daily newspaper
45 He shouted and looked angrily at me when I (break) the vase
IV Rewrite each sentence so that it means almost the same as the one printed before it:
1 You’ll drink coffee late at night and you can’t sleep
If you
2 Study hard and your parents are pleased
If
3 He drives carelessly
He is
4 Let’s go on a camping holiday in May
We suggested
5 You burn the garbage and the air will be polluted
If you
6 Because of the polluted water, we can’t swim in this river
Since
7 Mr Jones rarely turns off the fan before leaving
Mrs Jones suggests
8 Remember to take care of this tree or it will die
If
9 Because of being a good English speaker, he can easily find a job
Because he
10 He broke the vase because he was careless
Because of
11 We can’t go for a walk because it rains heavily
We can’t go for a walk because of