Thyc tien phat trien van hda hien nay d nudc ta cd mdt sd tdn tai trong huy ddng va luu thdng vdn nhu sau: tien trinh cai each the che dau tu luu thdng vdn d nudc ta cdn lac hau, ca [r]
Trang 1N g h i e n ciiu - Trao d o i Tpp chi C d n g sdin
V l CAI CACH THE CHE VAN HOA
MAI HAI OANH
Tqi Hdi nghi Trung uong 5 khda VIII, Ddng ta khang dinh: nen van hda
md chung ta dang xdy dung Id "nen vdn hda tien tien, ddm da bdn sdc ddn
tpc" Di dqt muc tieu dy, chung ta phdi tiin hdnh ddi mdi ddng bd, ti-ong
dd vdn di cdi cdch thi chi vdn hda cd vai trd hit siic quan trpng
1 - Cai each the che van hoa la tat
yen de giai phong va phat trien sut
san xuat van hoa
Thi chl van hda la mdt chinh the cd ndi dung
phong phd, la khai niem chi he thdng nhirng luat
dinh, quy che, quy djnh phap quy ve san xuat,
kinh doanh va quan ly van hda The che van hda
trade het xuat phat tu yeu cau cda chinh linh vyc
van hda, nhung nd chju sy quy djnh va chi phdi
cda the che kinh te va the che chinh tri Trong
thdi ky kinh te tap trang quan lieu bao cap, the
ehe van hda tat nhien phai phu hgp vdi md hinh
kinh te bao cap, va trong dieu kien ljch su bay
gid, nd da cd nhung ddng gdp tich cyc khdng the
phd nhan Tuy nhien, ke rii khi thyc hien kinh te
thj trudng djnh hudng xa hdi chd nghia thi the
che van hda trade day td ra khdng cd hieu qua
Bieu hien rd nhat cda the che van hda eu la
quyen lyc quan ly chi tap trang vao tay Nha
nudc, che do sd huu va phuong thuc kinh doanh
don gian, bd may nhan sy xa cdng, phap chl van
hda thieu kien toan, che do phan phdi khdng
cdng bang, khdng khuyen khich dugc sue sang
tao van hda cua ddng dao quan chung nhan dan
Vi vay, cdng vdi viec dd'i mdi thi chl kinh tl va
thi chl chinh tri, coi phat trien kinh te la nhiem
vu trang tam, chdng ta da tao ra ddng lyc to ldn cho phat triln van hda Kinb nghiem cda hon hai muoi nam dd'i mdi cang cho thay, phat trien van hda phai thich ung vdi phat trien kinh te - xa hgi, thi che van hda phai thich iing vdi the che kinh
tl, cai each thi che van hda phai thich ung vdi tbi chl kinh tl thi tradng djnh hudng xa hdi chu nghia , The che van hda pban anh quan he san xuat
van hda, quan he phan chia lgi ich van hda va quyen lgi van hda giua cac tang ldp xa hdi, giiia cdng dan va nha nudc Quan he san xuat van hda tat nhien phan anh van hda quan he kinh te, cd y nghia giai phdng sue san xuat van hda trong tirng thdi ky nblt djnh Trade day, trong nen kinh te quan lieu bao cap, kieu quan he san xuat van hda
ty bao ty tieu cung da phan nao thda man dugc nhu cau van hda cda nhan dan Nhung khi budc sang kinb te thj tradng dinh hudng xa hdi chu nghia, the ehe van hda cu khdng cdn thich hgp
va tit nhien, quan he san xuat van hda trudc day khdng dap ung yeu cau ddi mdi ve quan he van hda, khdng dd kha nang giai phdng va phat triln sue san xult van hda nhu chung ta mong mudn
Cai each the chl van hda, vi thi, trudc hit la dd'i
Trang 2Nghien ciiu - Trao doi T p p c h i C p n g s o n
mdi quan he san xuat van hda lac hau khdng cdn
thich iing vdi sue san xuat van hda xa hdi tien
tien, thdng qua sy thay dd'i cda quan he nay, giai
phdng tdi muc tdi da sue san xuat van hda Sue
san xuat van hda mdi khdng phai la sue san xuat
van hda cda mdt don vj hay ca nhan nao, ma la
sue san xuat van hda cua toan dan tdc Chi cd
giai phdng sue san xuat van hda, sue sang tao
dem tang trong quan chdng mdi cd ca hdi bung
nd, thdc day sy phat trien cua nganh cdng nghiep
van hda, thda man nhu cau van hda ngay cang
cao cua nhan dan
2 - Phmmg cham cai each the che
van hoa
- Nguyen tdc edn bdn eua cdi cdch the che
vdn hoa
Nen van hda tien tien cda chdng ta lay chu
nghia Mac - Le-nin va tu tudng Hd Chi Minh
lam tu tudng chi dao, lay viec dao tao cdng dan
cd ly tudng, cd dao due, cd van hda, cd ky luat
lam muc tieu, hudng tdi muc tieu dan giau, nudc
manh, xa hgi cdng bang, dan chd, van minh Nen
van hda ay phan anh dac trung kinh te, chinh tri
xa hgi chu nghia nudc ta, vi the cd tinh chat xa
hgi chu nghia rd net Cai each the che van hda la
sy ty hoan thien va phat trien cda che do van hda
xa hgi chu nghia d nudc ta, theo yeu cau cda xa
hgi van minh, nam bat quy luat phat triln van
hda, hgc tap each lam phat trien sy nghiep van
hda va cdng nghiep van hda nudc ngoai Nhung
hgc tap kinh nghiem cda nudc ngoai khdng cd
nghia la vgng ngoai mdt each may mdc, dap
khudn Viec hgc tap, tiep thu phai di ddi vdi viec
chdng lai cae quan niem van hda phan nhan van,
xa rdi lgi ich dan tdc, bao dam an ninh van hda
va dn djnh xa hdi cda nudc ta Vi vay, ddi mdi
the che van hda phai gan lien vdi sy lanh dao cda
Dang, coi che do cdng hiru la chd the ben canh
viec xuc tien da dang hda chu the dau tu van hda,
tao dieu kien cho nhieu loai che do sd huu edng
phat nien, thdc day sy phat trien manh me cua
van hda dan tdc Ve nguyen tac, Nha nudc phai
kiem soat cac doanh nghiep van hda ldn de giii cho su phat trien lanh manh va ddng hudng Tuy nhien, de tranh tinh trang ndng vdi, duy y chi trong cai each the che van hda, can can cu vao tinh hinh thyc te cua tdng vung, timg nganh nghe
CU the, thdng qua bien phap thi diem, tich luy kinh nghiem, tu dd tien hanh phan loai, tirng budc thdc day cai each toan bd the che van hda Ngoai ra, can lam tdt cdng tac chinh tri to todng,
xu ly thda dang cac loai quan he lgi ich, giii gin
xa hdi dn djnh Chi cd nhu vay mdi cd the thue day sy phat triln sue san xuat van hda xa hgi mdt each manh me
- Cdi cdch the che vdn hoa phdi Id tgo su hdi
hda giita hieu qud xd hdi vd hieu qud kinh te
Van de cdt ldi trong cai each the che van hda
la can xu ly chinh xac thudc tinh hinh thai y thuc
va thudc tinh san nghiep cda van hda de ed chien luge phat trien phu hgp Phat trien van hda dung dan ddi hdi phai dat hieu qua xa hdi len vj tri hang dau, thyc hien mdt each hai hda hieu qua
xa hdi vdi hieu qua kinh te bang each sang tao nen nhieu tac pham sau sac, vura chiu dugc thu thach cua thdi gian, vua dap dng tdt yeu cau ngay cang khd tinh cua thj tradng van hda Ve dieu nay, Hdi nghj Trang uong 9 khda X nhan manh: "Tang dau tu cua Nha nudc cho van hda; ddi mdi ca che tai chinh, xa hdi hda, huy ddng cac ngudn nhan lyc cho phat trien cac boat ddng van hda Ket hgp chat che giua nhiem vu phat trien kinh te - xa hdi, xay dyng Dang vdi phat trien van hda, lam cho van hda thyc sy trd thanh nen tang tinh than cua xa hdi"*'' Viec phat trien van hda trong ca che thj tradng ddi hdi chung ta phai vua chd y den sy nghiep van hda cdng ich, vua phat trien cdng nghiep van hda kinh doanh, nham tao nen nhiing ngudn lyc mdi cho van hda, bao dam quyen hudng thu van hda da dang cda nhan dan Can tien hanh phan loai mdt each khoa hgc cac nganh nghe va don vj khac nhau
(1) Vdn kiin Hoi nghi Ban Chdp hdnh Trung uang ldn thii chin, khda X, Nxb Chinh tri quoc gia Ha Npi,
2009, t r i 13
S6 810 (thang 4 nam 2010) 6 1
Trang 3Nghien cuu - Trao doi Tpp chi C d n g sAn
trong hnh vyc van hda, can cu vao dac trung cda
sy nghiep van hda va cdng nghiep van hda de de
ra thi chl sy nghiep va thi chl doanh nghiep, tu
dd cd bien phap quan ly va xu ly thich hgp Can
phat huy tinh tich cyc eua cae don vj van hda,
lam cho eac don vj nay cd kha nang ty chd ve
kinh te, tranh sy bao cap qua mdc cda Nha nudc,
lam cho van hda trd thanh mdt linh vyc nang
ddng vl phuang each hoat ddng, hieu qua ve
kinh te, dap iing tdt yeu cau cda xa hdi
3 - Tang cumig sut song cua cac co*
so* van hoa
Cai each the che van hda lien quan den rat
nhieu phuang dien Mdt trong nhiing van de
quan trgng nhat la tang cudng sue sdng cda cac
CO sd san xuat va tieu ddng van hda Mudn the,
khdng the duy tri ddc quyen quan ly va san xuat
van hda cua Nha nudc ma can cho phep nhieu
chd the cung tdn tai De cai each the che van hda
hieu qua, ddt khoat phai tao dieu kien md rdng
cac kenh dau to va luu thdng vdn O day, cd hai
van de can quan tam Mpt la, khuyen khich va
md rdng bien do eho nhieu thanh phan kinh te
cung tham gia boat ddng trong linh vuc van hda,
thdng qua canh tranh cdng bang giua cac loai
hinh sd huu khac nhau ma loai bd cac don vj van
hda kem nang ddng, hieu qua dau tu thip, lam an
thua Id Hai Id, tung budc hoan thien td' chuc xu
ly phap nhan Thuc chat cda td' chuc xu ly phap
nhan la tao nen ky cuong trong linh vyc van hda
va kinh doanh van hda, xac djnh trach nhiem cda
td chuc va ca nhan tham gia hoat ddng van hda
Cd rat nhieu dan vj van hda kem hieu qua, lam
an thua Id nhung khdng ai chiu trach nhiem tbeo
kilu "cha chung khdng ai khdc", trong khi dd,
nhieu don vj lam an hieu qua lai khdng duge ghi
nhan xung dang, thanh ra "hda ca lang" Han
nira, thieu td' chuc xu ly phap nhan dd manh, linh
vyc van hda rat de bj mdt sd ngudi thao tdng,
bien van hda trd thanh mdt linh vyc thu lgi thuin
tdy, trong khi muc dich tdi thugng cda van hda
van phai la muc dich va hieu qua xa hdi Td' chuc
xu ly phap nhan hien dai, khoa hgc se gdp phan lam cho thi chl van hda cd dd hieu lye trong thyc tien
4 - Tang curnig lanh dao va thut thi dong bo ' Cai each thi che van hda la mdt boat ddng cd
tinh tdng hgp, cd tinh he thdng cao, the hien mdi lien he, gan bd nhieu mat nhu lao ddng, nhan su, tai chinh, thue, phan phdi, bao dam xa hdi, quan
ly hanh chinh Do dd, phai tang cudng sy lanh dao nghiem tdc, thyc thi ddng bd nhieu bien phap nham tao ra chinh sach dd manh cho cai
each the che van hoa Truac hit, cai cach the ehe
van hda phai tien banb ddng thdi vdi ddi mdi phuong thuc lanh dao van hda Can nhanh chdng ddi mdi tu duy quan ly van hda, tao dung quan dilm phat trien van hda khoa hgc: khdng bam lay tinh dac thd cda van hda vdi to each la mdt hinh thai y thuc de phd nhan tinh san nghiep cua
nd, ddng thdi khdng vi tinh san nghiep cda van hda ma phu nhan tinh hinh thai y thuc cda nd
Ndi ggn hon, chdng ta phai xu ly chinh xac mdi quan he nay Nha nudc can cd chinh sach tao dieu kien cho van hda ve cac mat xet duyet hanh ehinh, su dung dat dai, md rdng va quan ly thj tradng, dau to luu thdng vdn, chinh sach uu dai, nang dd cdng nghiep van hda phat trien, kien toan phap che van hda, tao ra mdi trudng phap
luat tdt dep cho cai each the ehe van hda Thit
hai cai each the ehe phai song song vdi cai each
nghe thuat Quan rdem lac hau ve van hda , phuong each bieu hien gia nua, hinh thiic don dieu, nham chan da lam ngudi dgc, ngudi xem thd a, chan nan Nghia la ve mdt phuang dien nao dd, nd khdng cdn dap ung dugc yen cau nghe thuat cda nhan dan, ban che chieu sau cda cai each the ehe Thyc tien ddi hdi chdng ta phai cdng lde day manh cai each the che van hda, tich cyc ddi mdi quan rdem, ndi dung, hinh thuc, bien phap phat trien van hda Tnrdc day, chdng
ta bat mgi ngudi hudng thy nhiing san phim do chdng ta nghi ra, san xuat ra theo ldi bao clp
Trang 4Nghien c u u - Trao doi T p p c h i C p n g s a n
Trong nen kinh te thj tradng, chdng ta cin tinh
den thj hieu, nhu cau cua ngudi tieu ddng dl san
xuat va quan ly san phim van hda Day la mdt
thay ddi rat can ban trong quan niem ve phat
nien van hda Thii ba, cai each the che van hda
phai song hanh vdi xay dyng thj tradng van hda
Thi che van hda eda chdng ta lau nay thudng bj
chia cat, manh mdn, mdi nghe, mdi linh vyc cd
quy djnh mdt kieu rieng ma ehua cd sy chi dao
thdng nhat d tam vi md va chua tham sau tinh
than ddi mdi Dieu dd lam anh hudng den tinh
toan cue cda phat trien van hda va cai each the
che van hda Viec xay dyng va hoan thien he
thdng thi trudng van hda, thanh lap he thdng
cong nghiep van hda hgp ly se pha bd sy nhung
nhieu, cat cu hanh chinh va ddc quyen nghe
nghiep, tao mdi trudng canh tranh lanh manh,
cong bang, vua chd y den san xuat van hda dai
chung, vua chd y thich dang den van hda tinh
hoa
5 - Thiet lap co che van hoa thich
ling vdi the che kinh te thj truong
dinh huong xa hoi chu nghla
Du the che van hda cd tam quan trgng, tham
chl c6 y nghia quyet dinh ddi vdi phat trien van
hda nhung dieu dd khdng ddng nghia vdi viec
cai each the che van hda cd the giai quyet cac
van de dang tdn tai trong phat trien sy nghiep
van hda Bdi le, van hda la mdt he thdng phuc
tap, cai each the che van hda phai phdi hgp nhjp
nhang vdi cai each ca che thi viec cai each ay
mdi dat hieu qua tdi uu Vi vay, trong thyc te,
phai lay cai each chieu sau lam ddng lyc, thdng
qua ca che van hda hgp ly tao mdi tradng cd lgi
cho phat trien su nghiep van hda
- Thiet lap the che qudn ly hieu qud cao
Trudc bet, phai ndi den vai trd dieu hanh va
quan ly vi md cda nha nudc ddi vdi van hda Khi
xa hgi thay ddi, vai trd va chuc nang nha nudc
ciing cd nhung biln dd'i tuong ling (vl tinh ehlt,
ngi dung, phuong hudng va bien phap thyc thi)
Trong the che kinh te ke hoach, nha nudc cd vai trd loan nang, ddc quyen chi dao van hda, quan
ly theo kieu tap trang quyen lyc cao do Trong the che kinh te thj tradng, ve ca ban, nha nudc van dieu hanh, quan ly van hda nhung khdng bao bien tat ca ma chu yeu cung cap tai chinh hoac dau to cho nhiing cdng trinh van hda cdng ich hoac dam nhiem nhung viec ma thj tradng khd long dap dng dugc Cdng viec chinh cda nha nudc, cua chinh phu la quan ly xa hdi, trong dd, van hda chi la mdt linh vuc Nha nudc chd yen ddng vai ngudi hoach djnh muc tieu thanh phan
xa hdi, nha dau to ngudn vdn phat trien xa hdi, ngudi duy nhat bao ve dn djnh va trat ty xa hdi Tuy nhien, trong thyc tien, khdng phai khdng cd nhiing luc nha nudc nham "vj tri", can thiep qua sau va ciing nhac, lam cham nhip do phat trien van hda De thich ung yeu cau phat trien kinh te thj trudng djnh hudng xa hdi chu nghia, chung ta phai xay dyng the che quan ly van hda Dang lanh dao, Nha nudc quan ly, nganh nghe ty chu, don vj doanh nghiep sy nghiep van hanh theo phap luat Day chinh la phuong hudng cai each the che van hda thdi ky mdi Chuc nang cua Chinh phu ve linh vyc van hda cung phai cd
nhdng thay ddi quan trgng: tii ldm van hda chuyen sang qudn van hda, tu qudn vi md sang
qudn vi md, tii qudn ly true tiep chuyen sang qudn ly gidn tiep, tu qudn ly dan vi true thupe
chuyen sang qudn ly xd hdi
Thu: nhdt, Nha nude can manh dan giao
quyen cho cac cap quan ly van hda, giao quyen
ty chu cho cac nganh cu the, phan cdng trach nhiem cu thi, cd che do giam sat viec su dung tai san van hda nha nudc va yen cau cac don vj van hda phai chap hanh phap luat, toan theo quy luat kinh tl thj tradng Nha nudc khdng trye tiep trayin dat ke hoach san xuat san pham van hda
ma yeu cau cac don vi van hda phai can cu vao yeu clu thj tradng de bach loan va can ddi chi thu Nha nudc chi dat hang trye tiep khi can thiet ddi vdi nhung cdng trinh van hda cdng cdng, nhdng san pham van hda phuc vu cdng ich
86 810 (thang 4 nam 2010) 6 3
Trang 5Nghien cuu - Trao doi Tpp chi C^ng s d n
chang ban nhu nhdng cdng trinh van hda phuc
vu Dai ll 1.000 nam Thang Long - Ha Ndi slp
tdi
Thit hai sy quan ly cda Nha nudc phai dugc
quy pham hda, phai ddng phap luat Nhung van
de nao ma ca che thj trudng cd kha nang giai
quyet tdt thi Nha nude khdng can phai can dy
vao Chi nhung van de ca che thj trudng khdng
giai quyet dugc thi Nha nudc mdi tham gia va sy
tham gia nay phai cdng khai, dan chd, phai phd
hgp vdi yeu cau kinh te thj tradng va van minh
tinh than hien dai
Thit ba, chuc nang quan ly Nha nudc phai
thay ddi ve che do xet duyet hanh chinh, coi
chuc nang chu yeu la phuc vu sy nghiep van hda
va tao dieu kien thuan lgi cho cac chu the sang
tao van hda, khdng trye tiep can dy vao boat
ddng van hda vi md va doanh nghiep Phai dat
trgng tam quan ly la quan ly xa hdi va giam sat
thj tradng, thyc hien tdt viec quan djnh hudng,
quan nguyen tac, quy hoach, trat to", ca che, chat
lugng
Thu tu, dao tao va phat trien hiep hdi nganh
nghe van hda va td chuc mdi gidi van hda cd tinh
chuyen nghiep cao Day la dieu chung ta dang
rat thieu va rat yeu, nhat la khi Viet Nam da gia
nhap WTO Mdt mat, chdng ta phai tang cudng
xay dung hiep hdi nganh nghe, giao chuc nang
va quyen han cu the de hiep hdi nganh nghe cd
to each phap nhan, trd thanh td chuc quan ly
nganh nghe hgp phap, cd vai trd cau ndi giua
chinh phd vdi doanh nghiep Mae khdc, khuyen
khich phat trien cac loai td chuc mdi gidi van
hda, lap nhung td chuc mdi gidi van hda va td'
chuc dai ly nhu cdng ty mdi gidi van hda tdng
hgp, cdng ty mdi gidi trinh dien, cdng ty dau gia
nghe thuat, cdng ty gidi thieu tai nang tre, hinh
thanh ca che chinh phu giam sat chi dao, hiep
hdi nganh nghe giam sat quan ly, td chuc mdi
gidi ty xay dyng quy che hoat ddng ty chd Day
la nhirng van de can dugc chd y ddng muc de tao
nen sy chuyen bien trong chuc nang quan ly va
djnh hudng van hda cda Nha nudc trong thdi dai
ngay nay
- Xdy dung ca che phdt trien mdi
Van hda cd quy luat phat trien ty than, cd ca chl phat triln ddc dao phd hgp vdi tinh dac thd cda nd Trong bdi canh toan can hda kinh te va van hda, dl phat triln van hda dan tdc, chdng ta phai xay dyng ca che phat trien van hda mdi
Mpt la, van hda phai di vao ca che thi trudng
cd tinh canh tranh Hien nay trd ngai ldn nhat la
ea che van hda cu khdng cdn kha nang thich dng vdi thi che kinh te thi tradng djnh hudng xa hdi chd nghia De phat trien sy nghiep van hda va cdng nghiep van hda, dieu quan trgng nhat trong cai each thi che van hda la phai lam cho van hda hirdng ra thj trudng Mdt khi giai quyet tdt van
de nay, cac van de khac se cd thi giai quyet de dang Van de dat ra la hudng ra thj trudng theo each nao la hgp ly nhat De tra ldi cau hdi nay, trade het phai quan triet tu tudng: mgi linh vyc van hda deu cd thi tham gia thj trudng Tinh cd hieu qua cda ca che thj tradng la ca sd de xae lap mdi quan he nha nudc - thi tnrdng - doanh nghiep Ca che canh tranh thj tnrdng khdng nhirng la ca sd de bd tri tai nguyen cdng nghiep van hda ma cdn la ca sd de xay dung don vi sy nghiep van hda, van hda cdng cdng cdng nganh nghe huu quan khac Ddi vdi don vi sy nghiep van hda, vln de dang lo ngai nblt hien nay la thieu sue sdng vi nhung don vj nay chd ylu hoat ddng bing ngudn tai chinh ban chl, kinh phi eo hep Do dd, dl hudng ra thj trudng, cd thi ap dung nhilu phuang thuc, ching ban kinh doanh chuyen nhugng; xay dyng cho thue; xay dyng -chuyen nhugng - kinh doanh nhim nang cao hieu suat hoat ddng cda cac hang muc van hda,
ha tiiap gia thanh Cung cin phai nhan tiiuc rd ban cai ggi la thj trudng hda van hda Dac trung cua mdt thi trudng tdt dep la ed quy md ldn, ddng dao ngudi tham gia, canh tranh cdng bing, thdng tin minh bach, khdng cd sy lung doan Qua trinh thj tradng hda ehinh la qua trinh sang tao mdi trudng canh tranh, thdng qua canh tranh
de thdc day sy sang tao cda boat ddng van hda Can khuyin khich thanh lap cac loai quy cdng
Trang 6Nghien ctju - Trao doi T p p c h i C ^ n g s o n
nghiep van hda, cac cdng ty diu tu van hda, da
dang hda chd the dau tu nham tao nen sy phat
trien van hda tu nhieu ngudn lyc khac nhau Dua
van hda vao thi trudng ty do, thdng qua sy nang
dong sang tao cac chd the san xuat va kinh
doanh van hda, sy giup dd cua chinh sach hgp ly
se lam cho van hda ed kha nang phat triln mau
chdng
' Hai Id, tim ca che thyc hien hieu qua xa hdi
cua cac nganh nghe van hda Hieu qua kinh te la
muc dich chinh cua doanh nghiep, edn hieu qua
xa hgi la nhiem vu ea ban cda Nha nudc Trade
day va ngay ca hien nay, sy quan ly va tham gia
true tiep vao kinh doanh van hda cda Nha nudc
nhieu khi khdng dat hieu qua xa hdi cao (tuy
cung cd luc, phuong thuc nay phat huy dugc tac
dung tich cyc) Nhung trong dieu kien kinh te thj
trudng, viec Nha nudc tham gia qua sau vao
quan ly va kinh doanh van hda lam tieu chi danh
gia hieu qua cda cac doanh nghiep thieu tinh
thdng nhat, cac doanh nghiep thieu ddng lyc
sang tao, gia thanh san xuat bj day len cao, tdc
do phat trien cham lai Vi the, de bao dam hieu
qua xa hdi cao cda san pham van hda, phuang
thuc quan ly, giam sat cda Nha nudc can theo
each thuc gian tiep, mang tam vi md
Ba Id, kien toan ea che mau djch van hda ddi
ngoai Day la van de het sue quan trgng trong
chien luge quang ba van hda Viet Nam ra nude
ngoai va tiep nhan cac san pham van hda nudc
ngoai vao Viet Nam Tai Dai hdi Dang lan thu
VI, Dang ta da phat di mdt thdng diep quan
trong: Viet Nam mudn lam ban vdi tat ca cac
nudc tren ca sd hgp tac huu nghj, cdng cd lgi
Tuy nhien, ca che mau djch ddi ngoai cua chdng
ta chua hoan thien va cdn nhieu ldng tdng Dieu
nay xuat phat tu thyc te: chung ta vua rdi khdi
nen kinh te tap trang quan lieu bao cap de budc
vao nen kinh te thj tradng, cac doanh nghiep va
CO sd van hda cda chung ta nhd va manh mun,
thong tin kinh te va van hda cham, cac doanh
nghiep van hda chua cd tam nhin dai hon, thieu
sy lien ket giiia cac doanh nghiep van hda de tao
sy hen thdng thj tradng rdng ldn D I phat triln van hda va trao ddi van hda vdi the gidi mdt each binh dang, chdng ta phai coi kien loan ca che van hda ddi ngoai la mdt nhiem vu cap thiet
vi budc vao "san choi" toan cau hda, neu khdng nhanh chdng thay ddi, chung ta se tut hau va ludn roi vao tinh trang nhap sieu van hda
- Tgo dung ea ehe ddu tu da phuong
Phat trien sy nghiep van hda va cdng nghiep van hda ddi hdi vdn dau tu rat ldn Lam the nao
de huy ddng vdn mdt each hieu qua la cau hdi can dugc tra ldi Thyc tien phat trien van hda hien nay d nudc ta cd mdt sd tdn tai trong huy ddng va luu thdng vdn nhu sau: tien trinh cai each the che dau tu luu thdng vdn d nudc ta cdn lac hau, ca che dau tu chuyen bien cham, hieu qua dau to kem; cac doanh nghiep van hda nha nudc thudng bj ddng, trdng chd vao sy chi dao cua Chinh phu, chd yeu dya vao ngan sach nha nudc ma khdng quyet liet di tim cac ngudn vdn khac; viec cap phep dau to cdn nhieu trd ngai, chang ban cac td chuc phi Chinh phd va tu nhan mudn bd vdn de kinh doanh van hda khdng phai lde nao cung dugc tao dieu kien thuan lgi; ban than cac doanh nghiep van hda chua chd ddng trong viec su dung vdn va luu thdng vdn de tien hanh dieu chinh ket cau va md rdng quy md san xuat nham tang cudng kha nang canh tranh cho don vj minh Vi the, mdt yeu cau cap thiet la phai nhanh chdng cai each che do dau to luu thdng vdn, md rdng kenh dau tu, tao ddng lyc cho phat trien cdng nghiep van hda
Thu nhdt, cai each ca che dau to cua Chinh
phu ddi vdi sy nghiep van hda, tu lay viec "nudi ngudi" la chinh chuyen sang "nudi sy nghiep la chinh"; tu "nudi don vj" la chinh chuyen sang
"nudi hang muc" la chinh Chinh phu phai dau tu thich dang cho cac nganh nghe van hda cd tinh cdng ich, phi doanh lgi; cac nganh nghe, don vj
va CO sd ha tang lien quan den an ninh va ban sac van hda qudc gia nhu bao chi xuat ban, phat thanh - trayen hinh, cac doan nghe thuat trayen thdng Can cai each phuong hudng dau tu va
S6 810 (thang 4 nam 2010) 65
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phuong thuc dau tu vdn cho thich hgp Ddi vdi
don vj sy nghiep van hda cdng ich, Nha nudc
tiep tuc bao dam ve kinh phi, md rdng muc do
dau tu, ddng thdi khuyen khich nhdng don vj ay
tang cudng sue sdng phat trien ty than Ddi vdi
nhung don vj sy nghiep van hda cd the tham gia
boat ddng kinh doanh, Nha nudc dan dan ngimg
dau tu, thyc hien che do ty chd kinh doanh, ty
chju Id lai, tung budc chuyen sang che do cdng
ty Phuang thuc dau tu cda Chinh phd can
chuyen dan tu dau tu chung ddi vdi don vj sy
nghiep van hda sang dau to hang muc van hda la
chinh
Thu hai, md rdng chuan thj tradng, cho phep
nhieu loai nhieu van hda cdng phat trien, ke ca
van hda trd choi, giai tri, khuyen khich cac
ngudn dau tu khac nhau cung tham gia thj tradng
van hda Ngoai tru nhiing td chuc van hda la
tieng ndi chinh thdng cda Nha nudc, do Nha
nudc trye tiep quan ly thi ve nguyen tac, cae linh
vyc khac cua cdng nghiep van hda deu cd the
cho phep vdn tu ban xa hdi tham gia, ban ehe
dau tu vdn cua nudc ngoai ve van hda Phai nam
virng quy luat thj tradng, nam viing phap luat, cd
che do kiem soat hgp ly ddi vdi cac hanh vi dau
to de thi tradng vdn to ban cdng nghiep van hda
nudc ta dugc van hanh mdt each lanh manh, hieu
qua
Thit ba, md rdng ty le gdp vdn trye tiep, md
rdng muc do nang dd cda thj tradng vdn tu ban
ddi vdi sy phat trien cdng nghiep van hda
Nhirng nam gan day, d nudc ta cd kha nhieu
doanh nghiep van hda thdng qua che do cd phan
thyc hien kinh doanh nhd huy ddng vdn tu ban
trong nudc Tuy nhien, quy md vdn dau tu vao
cac xi nghiep van hda nay cdn nhd, ket cau cda
doanh nghiep chua that hgp ly, trong khi dd,
nhieu doanh nghiep ldn cda Nha nudc van chua
thyc sy nang ddng trong su dung vdn va chua
hieu qua trong kinh doanh Vi vay, phai cd ke
hoach va nhiing budc di cu the de sap xep, bd tri
hgp ly, lay doanh nghiep van hda quy md ldn
cua Nha nudc va kinh te hdn hgp cd vdn tu ban
nha nudc lam chd the, thdng qua cai tao va thyc hien che do cd phan, phat hanh cd phieu, trai philu, chuyin nhugng ddng thdi tich cyc nang
dd cac loai doanh nghiep van hda vua va nhd de kich thich phat trien
Thu tu, nhanh chdng thanh lap quy cdng
nghiep van hda va quy dau to sy nghiep, hudng dan cbinb xac xu hudng dau to cda doanh nghiep van hda Hing nam, Cbinb phu trich ra mdt lugng tai chinh nhat djnh de lap quy tuyen trayen phat trien sy nghiep van hda, ddng thdi huy ddng cac ngudn vdn khac de xay dyng quy, tao dieu kien cho eac hoat ddng phat trien van hda, nhat la van hda cdng cdng
Thit ndm, tang cudng sy gidp dd cua ngan
hang ddi vdi cdng nghiep van hda Do tai san ed djnh cda doanh nghiep van hda khdng nhieu nen viee vay tin dung ngan hang khdng phai lde nao cung de dang vi tai san the chap cda cac doanh nghiep nay khdng dd so vdi quy djnh cda ngan hang Bdi the, can cd nhirng dieu chinh hgp ly
ve che do cho vay va kilm soat rdi ro trong qua trinh cung cap tin dung cho cac boat ddng van hda Ban than cac don vj kinh doanh van hda cdng phai tranh nhirng rdi ro trong qua trinh kinh doanh, hoan thanh hgp ddng tai chinh ddng theo quy djnh cda phap luat
Thu sdu, khuyen khich cac td chuc, ca nhan
trong va ngoai nudc quyen gdp tiln xay dyng cac hang muc van hda cdng ich phi doanh lgi Kinh nghiem qudc te va thyc tiln phat triln van hda thdi gian qua d nudc ta cho tbly, rit nhilu than si, tri thuc, van nghe si, cac nha hao tam da
ty nguyen quyen gdp, hien tang, xay dung nhilu cdng trinh van hda cd y nghia Day cung cin dugc coi la mdt loai van hda quan trgng ma chdng ta can huy ddng
Cd the ndi, da dang hda cac loai hinh diu tu, tim each huy ddng nbilu ngudn vdn khac nhau
de phat trien van hda, lam ebo van hda thyc sy la
sy nghiep cda toan dan la mdt chd traong hoan loan ddng dan trong ca chl kinh tl thj trudng djnh hudng xa hdi chd nghia d nudc ta •