Tế bào học: Mô và sự biệt hóa tế bào

Tế bào học: Mô và sự biệt hóa tế bào

TE BAO HOC

CHƯƠNG IV:

TISSUES &

CHUONG III:

MO & SU’ BIET HOA TE BAO

TE BAO HOC

Quá trình biệt hóa tế bào

TE BAO HOC MO & SV’ BIET HOA TE BAO

°ồ Một nhóm các tê bào chuyên hóa có cùng hình

dạng, câu tạo và chức năng:, MO

4 Quá trình biệt hóa tê bào

TE BAO HOC MO & SV’ BIET HOA TE BAO

¢ Dong vat: co 4 loai m6 chinh:

— Mô da, Biểu mô (Epithelia)

— Mô liên kết

— Moco,

— Mô thân kinh,

Basal surface Stratified

TE BAO HOC MO & SV’ BIET HOA TE BAO

(a) Simple squamous epitheinm

Description: Single layer of flattened cells

with disc-shaped central nuclei and sparse

cytoplasm; the simplest of the epithelia

Se

Function: Allows passage of materisis

by diffusion and filtration in sites where

protection is not important; secretes

lubricating substances in serosae

Location: Kidney glomeruli and

air sacs of lungs; lining of heart, blood

vessels, and lymphatic vessets; lining of

ventral body cavity (serosae)

Function; Absorption; secretion of mucus,

enzymes, and other substances: ciliated type

Propels mucus (or reproductive cells) by

ciliary action

Location: Nonciliated type lines most of the

tract (stomach to anal canal), , ang excretory ducts of some glands; ciliated lines smail bronchi,

uterine tubes, and some regions of the ulerus

Simple columnar epithelium

Description: Single layer of cells of

differing heights, some not reaching the

free surface; nuclei seen at different levels; 7 — Cilia

may contain goblet cells and bear cilia

goblet cell

— Pseudo- stratifled Function: Secretion, particularly of mucus; epithelial

propulsion of mucus by ciliary action layer

Location: Nonciliated type in male's

sperm-carrying ducts and ducts of large

Basement

membrane Connective

tissue

Photomicrograph: Psoudostratified ciliated

columnar epithelium lining the human traches (400)

columnar and metabolically active; surface

cells are flattened (squamous); in the

keratinized type, the surface cells are full of

keratin and dead; basal cells are active in

mitosis and produce the celfs of the more

superticial layers

Function: Protects underlying tissues in

areas Subjected to abrasion

Location: Nonkeratinized type forms the

moist linings of the esophagus, mouth, and

vagina: keralinized variety forms the

epidermis of the skin, a

(t)} Stratified cuboidal epithelium

Description: Generally two

layers of cube-like colts

Location: Largest ducts of sweat glands,

mammary glands, and salivary glands

Copyngtt © 2005 Fearon Educabon, inc pubbshing as Geryamn Cumenngs.

Description: Several cell layers;

basal cells usually cuboidal;

superticial cells elongated

and columnar

— Stratified columnar

Location: Rare in the body; small

amounts in male urethra and in large ducts

Function: Stretches readily and permits

=e ion of urinary organ by contained

u

Location: Lines the ureters, bladder, and

part of the urethra

——~ Transitional epithelium

Photomicrograph: Transitional epithelium tining of the

bladder, relaxed state (500x); note the bulbous, or rounded,

appearance of the cells at the surface; these cells flatten and become elongated when the bladder is filled with urine

Copynght © 2006 Pearson Education Inc publishing as Benjamm Cummings

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\ 2 MO DONG VAT

Mô liên kết: có ở tất cả các loại mô đề liên kết các

mô lại với nhau, giữ cho cơ thể có hình dạng nhất định

Phan b6 hau hét khắp cơ thê, Nam bén trong biéu mé

— Sun,Xwong, Gan, Day chang

TU

TE BAO HOC MO & SV’ BIET HOA TE BAO

ib) Conmective trasue proper! Oona Connective trseeaus, aAreciar

Photomicrograph: Areolar connective tissue, a soft packaging

tissue of the body (400)

Description: Matrix as in areolar, but very

sparse; closely packed adipocytes, or fat

cells, have nucleus pushed to the side by

large fat droplet

Function: Provides reserve food fuel;

insulates against heat loss; supports and

protects organs

Photomicrograph: Adipose tissue from the subcutaneous

layer under the skin (600x)

Nuclei of fat celts

Vacuole containing fat droptet

Copynght S 2005 Pearson Egucabon ino pubishing as Bergamm Commmngs

(4d) Connective tissue proper: loose connective tissue, reticular

Description: Network of reticular fibers in

8 typical loose ground substance; reticular

cells tie on the network

Function: Fibers form a soft internal

skeleton (stroma) that supports other

cell types including while biood cells,

mast cells, and macrophages

White blood

Location: Lymphoid organs (lymph nodes Gympnecysel |

bone marrow, and spleen)

Roticular fibers Mast cells

(og) Cartilage: hyaline

Photomicrograph: Hyaline cartilage from the trachea (300x)

(hh) Cartilage: clastic

Description: Similar to hyaline cartilage,

but more elastic fibers in matrix

Function: Maintains the shape of a structure

while allowing great flexibillty

Location: Supports the external ear

(pinna); epigiottis

Photomicrograph: Elastic cartilage from the human ear pinna;

forms the flexible skeleton of the ear (400)

Copynght S 2005 Psarcon Eaucabon Ino pubishing as Bergamm Commmngs

(¡} CarHiage: ftbrocartdlaee

Description: Matrix similar to but less firm

than that in hyaline cartilage; thick collagen

m—m— = nha sẽ ẽnana

(j| Others: bone (osseous tissue)

Description: Hard, calcified matrix

containing many collagen fibers; osteocytes

lie in lacunae Vory well vascularized,

Function: Bone supports and protects

(by enclosing); provides levers for the

muscies to act on: stores calcium and other

minerals and fat; marrow inside bones is the

site for blood cell formation (hematopoiesis)

(k} Othersz: blood

Description: Red and white blood colls in

a fluid matrix (plasma)

Function: Transport of respiratory gases,

nutrients, wastes and other substances

Location: Contained within blood vessels

Photomicrograph: Smear of human biood (1500x); two white blood cells (neutrophil in upper left and lymphocyte in lower right) are seen surrounded by red blood cells

Copyigty © 2005 Pearson Etucatio, ine publehing a6 Benjarein Cum ape

Photomicrograph: Skoletal muscle (approx 300x}

Notice the obvious banding pattern and the fact that these large colls are multinucioate

Cop yng © 2008 Peernen Education ime, publsheng ans Bergan Cunun reps,

(c) Smooth muscie

Description: Spindie-shaped celts with

central nuclei; no striations; cells arranged

closely to form sheets

Smooth

Function: Propels substances or objects nuscl

(foodstuffs, urine, a baby) atong internal coll :

passageways; involuntary control

— Cac té bao than kinh đệm

TE BAO HOC MO & SV’ BIET HOA TE BAO

Function: Transmil electrical signals

from sensory receptors and to effectors

(muscles and glands) that contro!

thoir activity

Location: Brain, spinal

cord, and nerves

5 extracellular matrix

capillary ————

, @ Ye & es:

ye

red blood cell

amooth muscle cells

orlemtated circularly around intestine

Inner Mass Cells

Circulatory System af Immune System

Nervous System

TE BAO HOC

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re} MO & SỰ BIỆT HÓA CUA TE BAO

Khái niệm MÔ

Mô động vật Mo thuc vat

Quá trình biệt hóa tế bào

TE BAO HOC MO & SV’ BIET HOA TE BAO

——-— Dermal tissue system

⁄⁄“®7- - Vascular tissue system

fe 9 'rø N Dermal tissue system

} ~ Vascular tissue system

!

Ground lissue system

Dermai tissue system

a“ >

( a ; — Vascular tissue system

be ay Ground tissue system

(c) Root

À COPYRIGHT © 2002 Theenens Leeming, oc Thamene Leeming’ ip & trademark weed herein woe Ecomee

¢ Thuc vat : 6 hệ thông mô chính (cách phân loại

khác)

— Biéu m6

— Mô dẫn

— Mô cơ

— Mô phân sinh

— Mô mềm (mô sinh dưỡng)

— Mô tiết

°Ổ Thực vật : 2 hệ thông mô chính (cách phân loại

khác)

— Mô phân sinh

— Mô chuyên hóa vĩnh viễn

Dermal tissue system

=~ Vascular tissue system Ground tissue system (a) Leat

Dermal tissue system

~~ Vascular tissue system Ground tissue system

Dermal tissue system

~ Vascular tissue system

Ground tissue system

oa -Z

[ © 2$@2 Theensos Leeming ne Thomson Leeming’ ip ® trademark used herein (ý 9v 4cfv1 4x

¢ Mo phan sinh

- Những tế bào phôi có khả năng phân cắt Sự

phân cát tê bào xảy ra trong khap phôi còn

non, nhưng khi cây phát triển, nhiều vùng trở

nên chuyên hóa để thực hiện các chức năng

khác nhau và ngừng phân cắt Kết quả là sự phân cắt tế bào chỉ còn diễn ra ở một số vùng

nhất định được gọi là vùng phân sinh

(meristems) Tuy theo vị trí có thể chia làm mô

phan sinh ngon (apical meristems) va mo phan sinh bén (lateral meristems)