Chapter 3 (part c) provides knowledge of the cytoplasm. This chapter describe the composition of the cytosol; discuss the structure and function of mitochondria; discuss the structure and function of ribosomes, the endoplasmic reticulum, and the Golgi apparatus, including functional interrelationships among these organelles; compare the functions of lysosomes and peroxisomes.
Trang 1Cells: The Living Units: Part C
Trang 2 Located between plasma membrane and nucleus
Trang 4 Doublemembrane structure with shelflike cristae
respiration
Trang 5Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 3.17
Enzymes
Matrix Cristae
Mitochondrial DNA
Ribosome
mitochondrial membrane
Inner mitochondrial membrane
(b) (a)
(c)
Trang 7 Two varieties:
◦Rough ER
◦Smooth ER
Trang 8Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 3.18a
Nuclear envelope
Ribosomes Rough ER Smooth ER
(a) Diagrammatic view of smooth and rough ER
Trang 9phospholipids
Trang 10 Tubules arranged in a looping network
◦ In the liver — lipid and cholesterol metabolism,
breakdown of glycogen, and, along with kidneys, detoxification of drugs, pesticides, and
Trang 11 Modifies, concentrates, and packages proteins and lipids
Transport vessels from ER fuse with convex cis face of Golgi apparatus
Proteins then pass through Golgi apparatus to
trans face
Secretory vesicles leave trans face of Golgi stack and move to designated parts of cell
Trang 12Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 3.20
Secretion by exocytosis
Vesicle becomes lysosome
Golgi apparatus
membrane
Phagosome
Proteins in cisterna
Pathway B:
Vesicle membrane
to be incorporated into plasma
Pathway C:
Lysosome containing acid hydrolase
enzymes
1
3
2
Trang 13Spherical membranous bags containing digestive enzymes (acid hydrolases)
Trang 14 Overall function
◦ Produce, store, and export biological molecules
◦ Degrade potentially harmful substances
Trang 15Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 3.22
Golgi apparatus Transport vesicle
Lysosome
Nucleus
Trang 16PLAY Animation: Endomembrane System
Trang 17Membranous sacs containing powerful oxidases and catalases
reactive chemicals with unpaired electrons)
Trang 18 Elaborate series of rods throughout cytosol
◦ Microtubules
◦ Microfilaments
◦ Intermediate filaments
Trang 19side of plasma membrane
endocytosis and exocytosis
Trang 21Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 3.27
(a) Phases of ciliary motion.
(b) Traveling wave created by the activity of many cilia acting together propels mucus across cell surfaces.
Trang 22 Microvilli
◦ Fingerlike extensions of plasma membrane
◦ Increase surface area for absorption
◦ Core of actin filaments for stiffening
Trang 23Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 3.28
Actin filaments Terminal web
Trang 24 Genetic library with blueprints for nearly all cellular proteins
Trang 25Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 3.29a
Trang 26 Doublemembrane barrier containing pores
Outer layer is continuous with rough ER and bears ribosomes
Inner lining (nuclear lamina) maintains shape of
nucleus
Pore complex regulates transport of large
molecules into and out of nucleus
Trang 27Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 3.29b
Nuclear pore complexes.
Each pore is ringed by protein particles.
Nuclear lamina The netlike
lamina composed of mediate filaments formed by lamins lines the inner surface
inter-of the nuclear envelope.
(b)
Trang 28 Darkstaining spherical bodies within nucleus
subunit assembly
Trang 29 Arranged in fundamental units called
nucleosomes
Condense into barlike bodies called chromosomes when the cell starts to divide
Trang 30Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 3.30
Metaphase chromosome (at midpoint
of cell division)
Nucleosome (10-nm diameter; eight histone proteins wrapped by two winds of the DNA double helix) Linker DNA
2
Chromatin (“beads on a string”) structure with nucleosomes
4
Looped domain structure (300-nm diameter)