QUẢN TRỊ hệ điều HÀNH mã NGUỒN mở

Nội dung chương trìnhTT Nội dung chương trình 1 Introduction Linux 2 Using Linux text editor 3 Managing the Linux file system 4 Working with Users and Groups 4 Working with Users and Gro

Nội dung chương trình

 Mục tiêu môn học

Môn học cung cấp các kiến thức cơ bản về hệ

điều hành Linux và quản trị Linux.

 Thời lượng

 Lý thuyết : 30 tiết

 TỰ HỌC: 60 TiẾT

 Mục tiêu môn học

Môn học cung cấp các kiến thức cơ bản về hệ

điều hành Linux và quản trị Linux.

 Thời lượng

 Lý thuyết : 30 tiết

 TỰ HỌC: 60 TiẾT

Nội dung chương trình

TT Nội dung chương trình

1 Introduction Linux

2 Using Linux text editor

3 Managing the Linux file system

4 Working with Users and Groups

4 Working with Users and Groups

5 Install and managing software

6 Using the Linux shell

7 Managing processes and services

8 Managing the Linux Boot Process

9 Linux network services

3

Kiểm tra đánh giá

 Kiểm tra giữa kỳ

 Tiểu luận theo nhóm (3->5 SV)

 Thi kết thúc môn

Giáo trình và TLTK

 Tài liệu học tập

Robb H Tracy, Mc Graw Hill, CompTIA Linux+ Certification Study Guide

 Tài liệu tham khảo

Slides bài giảng của giảng viên

Bộ bài tập thực hành Linux 1, Linux 2 (IUH)

 Tài liệu học tập

Robb H Tracy, Mc Graw Hill, CompTIA Linux+ Certification Study Guide

 Tài liệu tham khảo

Slides bài giảng của giảng viên

Bộ bài tập thực hành Linux 1, Linux 2 (IUH)

5

Tài liệu tham khảo

 Câu hỏi thường gặp với new user for linux

http://www.tldp.org/FAQ/Linux-FAQ/index.html

 Hỏi-đáp về Linux: http://www.linuxquestions.org/

 Diễn đàn thảo luận Linux:

 Hỏi-đáp về Linux: http://www.linuxquestions.org/

 Diễn đàn thảo luận Linux:

http://www.linuxforum.com

 Các tài liệu tiếng việt về linux

http://www.ictvietnam.net/forum/showthread.php?t

=7209

Tài liệu tham khảo

về openSUSE

 Trang chính http://www.openSUSE.org

 Trang tiếng Việt http://vi.opensuse.org/

 Trang tiếng Anh http://en.opensuse.org/

 Giới thiệu, hướng dẫn cài đặt, sử dụng các bản openSUSE, và các ứng dụng đi kèm

 Trang tiếng Việt http://vi.opensuse.org/

 Trang tiếng Anh http://en.opensuse.org/

 Giới thiệu, hướng dẫn cài đặt, sử dụng các bản openSUSE, và các ứng dụng đi kèm

Chapter 1

Introduction to Linux

What is Linux ?

 Linux is an operating system,

provides key functions in a computer system:

 Linux is an operating system,

provides key functions in a computer system:

What is Linux ?

 Linux is an Unix-like operating system

 Linux is an free and open source software

 Linux is a leading server operating system

 Multi-user, security, stability, …

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 Linux is an Unix-like operating system

 Linux is an free and open source software

 Linux is a leading server operating system

 Multi-user, security, stability, …

The Function of Linux

 Application Platform: An operating system

provides applications with a platform where they can run, managing their access to the CPU and system memory.

 Hardware Moderator: The operating system

also serves as a mediator between running applications and the system hardware ( such as memory, hard drives, and communication ports

…)

 Application Platform: An operating system

provides applications with a platform where they can run, managing their access to the CPU and system memory.

 Hardware Moderator: The operating system

also serves as a mediator between running applications and the system hardware ( such as memory, hard drives, and communication ports

…)

The Function of Linux

 Data Storage : The operating system is also responsible

for providing type of file system that organizes theinformation in an easily retrievable format

 Security: The operating system is responsible for

providing a degree of security for the data it hosts Thesystem administrator can create rules and grant rights thatdetermine who can access what information

connectivity between computer systems using a variety ofnetwork media and interfaces, including infrared,Ethernet, and wireless

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 Data Storage : The operating system is also responsible

for providing type of file system that organizes theinformation in an easily retrievable format

 Security: The operating system is responsible for

providing a degree of security for the data it hosts Thesystem administrator can create rules and grant rights thatdetermine who can access what information

connectivity between computer systems using a variety ofnetwork media and interfaces, including infrared,Ethernet, and wireless

The History of Linux

The History of Linux

 Richard Matthew Stallman (born March 16, 1953), is an

American software freedom activist and computer program

 Is a student at Harvard University

 a programmer at the MIT Artificial Intelligence Laboratory

 In September 1983, he launched the GNU Project to create afree Unix-like operating system

 With the launch of the GNU Project, he initiated the free

software movement In October 1985, he founded the FreeSoftware Foundation, and in 1989 he wrote the GNU GeneralPublic License (GNU GPL)

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 Richard Matthew Stallman (born March 16, 1953), is an

American software freedom activist and computer program

 Is a student at Harvard University

 a programmer at the MIT Artificial Intelligence Laboratory

 In September 1983, he launched the GNU Project to create afree Unix-like operating system

 With the launch of the GNU Project, he initiated the free

software movement In October 1985, he founded the FreeSoftware Foundation, and in 1989 he wrote the GNU GeneralPublic License (GNU GPL)

The History of Linux

 By the early 1990s, many of the programs required in the

GNU project’s operating system (such as libraries,

compilers, text editors, a Unix shell, and a windowing

system) were completed, although low-level elements

such as device drivers, daemons, and the kernel were

stalled and incomplete

 In 1991, in Helsinki, Linus Torvalds began a project that

later became the Linux kernel

 Development was done on MINIX using the GNU C compiler

 By the early 1990s, many of the programs required in the

GNU project’s operating system (such as libraries,

compilers, text editors, a Unix shell, and a windowing

system) were completed, although low-level elements

such as device drivers, daemons, and the kernel were

stalled and incomplete

 In 1991, in Helsinki, Linus Torvalds began a project that

later became the Linux kernel

 Development was done on MINIX using the GNU C compiler

The History of Linux

 The first release of the Linux kernel, Linux 0.01, included

a binary of GNU's Bash shell

 In 1992, he suggested releasing the kernel under the GNUGeneral Public License

 He first announced this decision in the release notes of version 0.12.

 In the middle of December 1992 he published version 0.99 using the GNU GPL

 Linux and GNU developers worked to integrate GNU components with Linux to make a fully-functional and free operating system.

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 The first release of the Linux kernel, Linux 0.01, included

a binary of GNU's Bash shell

 In 1992, he suggested releasing the kernel under the GNUGeneral Public License

 He first announced this decision in the release notes of version 0.12.

 In the middle of December 1992 he published version 0.99 using the GNU GPL

 Linux and GNU developers worked to integrate GNU components with Linux to make a fully-functional and free operating system.

GNU - GPL

 Tác giả vẫn giữ bản quyền đối với với phần mềm gốc.

 Người sử dụng có quyền :

 Tự do chạy chương trình, cho bất cứ mục đích nào.

 Tự do tái phân phối bản sao.

 Tự do tìm hiểu cách hoạt động của chương trình, tự do sửa đổi

nó và phát hành những gì sửa đổi ra công cộng.

 Người sử dụng có thể thay đổi một phần của chương trình và phân phối thay đổi của mình cùng toàn bộ phần mềm cho người khác, với điều kiện nói rõ phần mình thay đổi.

 Phải đảm bảo cung cấp mã nguồn khi bán một sản phẩm theo GNU GPL để người khác có thể sử dụng và/hoặc bán tiếp Người dùng kế tiếp có đầy đủ quyền lợi như của người trước.

 Tác giả vẫn giữ bản quyền đối với với phần mềm gốc.

 Người sử dụng có quyền :

 Tự do chạy chương trình, cho bất cứ mục đích nào.

 Tự do tái phân phối bản sao.

 Tự do tìm hiểu cách hoạt động của chương trình, tự do sửa đổi

nó và phát hành những gì sửa đổi ra công cộng.

 Người sử dụng có thể thay đổi một phần của chương trình và phân phối thay đổi của mình cùng toàn bộ phần mềm cho người khác, với điều kiện nói rõ phần mình thay đổi.

 Phải đảm bảo cung cấp mã nguồn khi bán một sản phẩm theo GNU GPL để người khác có thể sử dụng và/hoặc bán tiếp Người dùng kế tiếp có đầy đủ quyền lợi như của người trước.

Linux Distributions

distribution or distro for short ) is a member of the family of Unix-like operating systems

 built on top of the Linux kernel

 consist a set of libraries and utilities from the GNU

project

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distribution or distro for short ) is a member of the family of Unix-like operating systems

 built on top of the Linux kernel

 consist a set of libraries and utilities from the GNU

project

Linux Distributions

 Linux distributions have taken a wide variety of forms

 Commercial or non-commercial;

 Designed for enterprise users, power users, or for home users;

 Supported on multiple types of hardware, or platform-specific, even to the extent of certification by the platform vendor;

 Designed for servers, desktops, or embedded devices;

 General purpose or highly specialized toward specific machine functionalities (e.g firewalls, network routers, and computer clusters);

 Built primarily for security, usability, portability, or comprehensiveness.

 Linux distributions have taken a wide variety of forms

 Commercial or non-commercial;

 Designed for enterprise users, power users, or for home users;

 Supported on multiple types of hardware, or platform-specific, even to the extent of certification by the platform vendor;

 Designed for servers, desktops, or embedded devices;

 General purpose or highly specialized toward specific machine functionalities (e.g firewalls, network routers, and computer clusters);

 Built primarily for security, usability, portability, or comprehensiveness.

Linux Distributions …

 Today there are hundreds of different

distributions available popular

■ Fedora Linux ■ Mandrake Linux

■ Red Hat Enterprise Linux ■ Lycoris Linux

 Today there are hundreds of different

distributions available popular

■ Fedora Linux ■ Mandrake Linux

■ Red Hat Enterprise Linux ■ Lycoris Linux

Linux Distributions …

Roles of Linux

 Desktop operating system

 Server operating system

 Firewall

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 Desktop operating system

 Server operating system

 Firewall

Roles of Linux

Linux on the Desktop

 Linux is the desktop OS

Roles of Linux

Linux as a Server

 Linux can assume a variety of server roles

 File Server Using the Network File System (NFS) or

Samba service, Linux can be configured to providenetwork storage of users’ files

 Print Server Using the Common UNIX Printing

System (CUPS) and Samba services together, Linuxcan be configured to provide shared printing fornetwork users

 Database Server Linux works great as a database

server There are a variety of database servicesavailable for Linux servers, including MySQL andPostgreSQL

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 Linux can assume a variety of server roles

 File Server Using the Network File System (NFS) or

Samba service, Linux can be configured to providenetwork storage of users’ files

 Print Server Using the Common UNIX Printing

System (CUPS) and Samba services together, Linuxcan be configured to provide shared printing fornetwork users

 Database Server Linux works great as a database

server There are a variety of database servicesavailable for Linux servers, including MySQL andPostgreSQL

Roles of Linux

Linux as a Server

 Web Server Linux is also widely deployed as a Web

server The most popular Web service currently used

on Linux is the Apache Web server.

 E-Mail Server There are a variety of different e-mail

services available for Linux that can turn your systeminto an enterprise-class e-mail server

 Web Server Linux is also widely deployed as a Web

server The most popular Web service currently used

on Linux is the Apache Web server.

 E-Mail Server There are a variety of different e-mail

services available for Linux that can turn your systeminto an enterprise-class e-mail server

Roles of Linux

Linux as a Server …

 The widespread popularity of Linux as a server is due to a number of reasons

 Linux is extremely stable.

 Linux servers are very fast.

 Linux servers are much less expensive

 If you are going to deploy Linux as a server in a larger organization, then you may want to consider using a distribution specifically optimized to function in the server role

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 The widespread popularity of Linux as a server is due to a number of reasons

 Linux is extremely stable.

 Linux servers are very fast.

 Linux servers are much less expensive

 If you are going to deploy Linux as a server in a larger organization, then you may want to consider using a distribution specifically optimized to function in the server role

Roles of Linux

Linux as a Firewall

operate as a firewall in your network.

 The job of a firewall is to analyze all of the networktraffic that flows between the internal networks and theexternal network

 The firewall is configured with rules that define whatkind of traffic is allowed through and what kind isn’t

operate as a firewall in your network.

 The job of a firewall is to analyze all of the networktraffic that flows between the internal networks and theexternal network

 The firewall is configured with rules that define whatkind of traffic is allowed through and what kind isn’t

Roles of Linux

Linux as a Firewall

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Components of Linux

 The Linux Kernel

The heart of Linux It fulfills the key OS duties.

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 The Linux Kernel

The heart of Linux It fulfills the key OS duties.

User Interface

Linux Graphical User Interface (GUI)

 The Linux GUI is composed of the following

User Interface

Linux Graphical User Interface

 The Linux GUI is composed of the following components:

 X Window System

 The X Window System provides the base system for the graphical interface on Linux It allows programmers to run applications in windows It also allows users to move windows around on the screen as well as click on items with the mouse.

 Window manager

 The role of the window manager is to control the appearance of the windows

on the screen It also determines how they are arranged on the screen.

 Window manager

 The role of the window manager is to control the appearance of the windows

on the screen It also determines how they are arranged on the screen.

User Interface

Linux Command-Line Interface (CLI)

 The Linux command line interface is created by shells

The bash shell is the default shell for most distributions

 A shell is a command interpreter that allows you to type

commands from the keyboard to interact with the operatingsystem kernel

 The Linux command line interface is created by shells

The bash shell is the default shell for most distributions

 A shell is a command interpreter that allows you to type

commands from the keyboard to interact with the operatingsystem kernel

User Interface

Linux Command-Line Interface (CLI)

sessions at once

 Each session can run its own programs

 To open a new session : press ALT + Fx

(x to 2 from 6)

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sessions at once

 Each session can run its own programs

 To open a new session : press ALT + Fx

(x to 2 from 6)

Shell Prompt

User Interface

Linux Command-Line Interface (CLI)

Running multiple command line sessions within the Linux GUI

Running commands

at the Shell Prompt

shell prompt and press ENTER

 The command interpreter look for the file name within the directories in the current user’s PATH variable, not searches in the current directory

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shell prompt and press ENTER

 The command interpreter look for the file name within the directories in the current user’s PATH variable, not searches in the current directory

Running commands

at the Shell Prompt

 Three are two ways to enter commands

Commonly Used CLI Commands

system, but can only be run by the root user.

■ reboot This command shuts down and restarts

the operating system It also can only be run by root.

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system, but can only be run by the root user.

■ reboot This command shuts down and restarts

the operating system It also can only be run by root.

Commonly Used CLI Commands

operating system, and can only be run by your root user.

■ init 6 This command also shuts down and restarts

the operating system It also can only be run by root.

■ man: is help command.

$ man ls

operating system, and can only be run by your root user.

■ init 6 This command also shuts down and restarts

the operating system It also can only be run by root.

■ man: is help command.

$ man ls