Organizational behavior 5e by kinichi Chap009KF effective groups and teams

After reading the material in this chapter, you should be able to: LO9.1 Describe the five stages of Tuckman’s theory of group development.. Group Development ProcessStage 1: Forming Gro

Effective Groups

and Teams

Chapter Nine

After reading the material in this chapter,

you should be able to:

LO9.1 Describe the five stages of Tuckman’s theory

of group development

LO9.2 Contrast roles and norms, and specify four

reasons norms are enforced in organizations

LO9.3 Describe four attributes of a team player

LO9.4 Explain three ways to build trust and three

ways to repair trust

LO9.5 Describe self-managed teams and virtual

teams

LO9.6 Describe groupthink, and identify at least four

of its symptoms

Fundamentals of Group Behavior

Group

 two or more freely interacting people who share collective norms and goals and have a common identity

Formal and Informal Groups

Formal Groups Fulfill Organizational

and Individual Functions

Tuckman’s Five-Stage Theory of

Group Development

Group Development Process

Stage 1: Forming

Group members tend to be uncertain and

anxious about their roles, the people in

charge and the group’s goals

Mutual trust is low

Group Development Process

Group Development Process

Stage 3: Norming

Questions about authority and power are

resolved through unemotional,

matter-of-fact group discussion

Group cohesiveness

 a “we feeling” binding group members together

A search committee has been created at ABC

University to hire a new dean of College of

Business During which stage of the group

development process would the search committee address role agreements and working as a team?

A Storming

B Performing

C Adjourning

D Norming

Group Development Process

Stage 4: Performing

Activity focused on solving task problems

Climate of open communication, strong

cooperation, and lots of helping behavior

Group Development Process

Stage 5: Adjourning

Work is done

Time to move on to other things

Group Member Roles

Task and Maintenance Roles

Bob's role in his work group is to promote

greater understanding through examples or explanation of implications Bob's role can

Norms

 an attitude, opinion, feeling, or action—shared

by two or more people— that guides their

behavior

How Norms are Developed

1 Explicit statements by supervisors or

Why Norms are Enforced

Help the group or organization survive

Clarify or simplify behavioral expectations

Help individuals avoid embarrassing

situations

Clarify the group’s or organization’s central values and/or unique identity

Team

 a small number of people with complementary skills who are committed to a common purpose, performance goals, and approach for which

they hold themselves mutually accountable

 Task groups that have matured to the

performing stage

A group becomes a team when:

1.Leadership becomes a shared activity

2.Accountability shifts from strictly individual to both individual and collective

3.The group develops its own purpose or mission

4.Problem solving becomes a way of life, not a time activity

part-5.Effectiveness is measured by the group’s

collective outcomes and products

Eight Characteristics of Effective

Team Players

3 C’s of Team Players

Team-building workshops strive for greater

cooperation, better communication, and less

dysfunctional conflict.

As the new Department Chair, Melvin

wanted his faculty members to engage in

more collaboration He decided to start by

taking everyone to a Paintball course This is called _.

Trust: A Key Ingredient of

Teamwork

Trust

 reciprocal faith that the intentions and

behaviors of another will consider the

implications for you

Three Forms of Trust

How to Build Trust

As quarterback at Alabama, Jay Barker won almost all of the games he started When the team was in a tough situation, they trusted

Barker to help them win The team’s trust

was built by Barker’s _.

Self-Managed Teams

Self-managed teams

 groups of workers who are given administrative oversight for their task domains

Administrative oversight involves delegated

activities such as planning, scheduling,

monitoring, and staffing

The work team at More 4 Babies, Inc is

made up of technical specialists from

different areas of the company This feature

of the work team at More 4 Babies is

Are Self Managed Teams Effective?

Have a positive effect on productivity

Have a positive effect on specific attitudes

relating to self-management

No significant effect on general attitudes

No significant effect on absenteeism or

turnover

Virtual Teams

Virtual team

 physically dispersed

task group that

conducts its business

through information

communication

technology (ICT).

Research Insights

Benefits

 Reduced real-estate costs

 Ability to leverage diverse knowledge, skills,

and experience across geography

 Ability to share knowledge of diverse markets

 Can reduce work-life conflicts

Threats to Effectiveness

Groupthink

 “a mode of thinking that people engage in when they are deeply involved in a cohesive in-group, when members’ strivings for unanimity override their motivation to realistically appraise

alternative courses of action”

Symptoms of Groupthink

Social Loafing

Social Loafing

 tendency for individual effort to decline as group size increases

Reasons for Social Loafing

Equity of effort

Loss of personal accountability

Motivational loss due to sharing of rewards

Coordination loss as more people perform

the task

The Organizational Behavior class has a project that counts for 50% of the class grade Groups of 10 have been assigned to complete it Duane thinks that he will not have to work very hard because the group is

so large This is called _

A.Groupthink

B.Cohesiveness

C.Social loafing

D.Collective groupthink

Video Case: Teamwork: Team

Activities for Coworkers

What types of activities are being used today for

team building and skills development? Why do

these types of activities work?

Are companies able to justify sending employees to fun training programs? How?

Are corporate training programs such as those

described in the video case growing in popularity?

What benefits do you think you would get from

attending training programs like those described in