Organizational behavior 5e by kinichi Chap005KF appreciating individual differences intelligence, ability, personality, core self evaluations, attitudes, and emotions

Appreciating Individual Differences: Intelligence, Ability, Personality, Core Self-Evaluations, Attitudes, and Emotions Chapter Five... After reading the material in this chapter, you s

Appreciating Individual Differences:

Intelligence, Ability, Personality, Core Self-Evaluations, Attitudes, and

Emotions

Chapter Five

After reading the material in this chapter,

you should be able to:

LO5.1 Identify at least five of Gardner’s eight multiple

intelligences, and explain “practical intelligence”

LO5.2 Identify and describe the Big Five personality

dimensions, specify which one is correlated most strongly with job performance, and describe the

proactive personality.

LO5.3 Explain the four components of Core

Evaluations.

After reading the material in this chapter,

you should be able to:

LO5.4 Distinguish between esteem and

LO5.5 Explain the difference between an internal

LO5.6 Identify the three components of attitudes and discuss cognitive dissonance

LO5.7 Explain the concepts of emotional

An OB Model for Studying Individual Differences

Intelligence and Cognitive Abilities

Intelligence

constructive thinking, reasoning, and problem

solving

Two Types of Abilities

1 General mental ability needed for all

cognitive tasks

2 Unique to the task at hand

Gardner’s Multiple Intelligences

Jimmy can remember the order preferences

of each of his clients This the mental ability

Personality Dynamics

Personality

 the combination of stable physical and mental

characteristics that give the individual his or her identity

The Big Five Personality

Dimensions

If Clint is dependable, responsible,

achievement-oriented, and persistent, he is demonstrating which of these Big Five

Personality and Job Performance

Conscientiousness has the strongest

positive correlation with job and training

performance

Extraversion is associated with success for

managers and salespeople

Advice and Words of Caution about

Personality Testing in the Workplace

Core Self-Evaluations

Core self-evaluations represent a broad

personality trait comprised of four narrower individual personality traits:

 (1) self-esteem, (2) generalized self-efficacy, (3) locus of control, and (4) emotional stability

Self-esteem

 Belief about one’s own self worth based on an overall self-evaluation.

Can General Self-Esteem Be

Improved?

Low self-esteem can be raised more by

having a person think of desirable

characteristics possessed rather of

undesirable characteristics from which he is free

Bianca, a manager for Oil Traders, Inc., has been

offered a promotion Her preference is to work in a

culture where the correlation between self-esteem

and life satisfaction is not strong Based on what

research tells us, which of these countries should

Bianca choose?

A Canada

B Netherlands

C Japan

belief that one has

no control over one’s environment.

Self-Efficacy Beliefs Pave the Way

for Success or Failure

Figure 5-2

Managerial Implications

On-the-job research evidence encourages

managers to nurture self-efficacy, both in

themselves and in others

Significant positive correlation between efficacy and job performance

self-Locus of Control

Internal locus of control

 People who believe they control the events and consequences that affect their lives

External locus of control

 those who believe their performance is the

product of circumstances beyond their

immediate control

Research Lessons

Internals display greater work motivation

Internals have stronger expectations that

effort leads to performance

There is a stronger relationship between job satisfaction and performance for internals

than for externals

Internals obtain higher salaries and greater salary increases than externals

Joe believes his past performance in college

is due to the difficulty of courses he has

taken and his bad luck in getting tough

instructors Based on this, Joe:

A has an external locus of control.

B is a proactive personality.

C is an extravert.

D has a low degree of conscientiousness.

Emotional Stability

Individuals with high levels of emotional

stability tend to be relaxed, secure,

unworried, and less likely to experience

negative emotions under pressure

Those with low levels are prone to anxiety

and tend to view the world negatively

CSEs, Its Component Traits,

and Outcomes

CSEs have been associated with increased job performance, job and life satisfaction,

motivation, organizational citizenship

behaviors, and better adjustment to

international assignments

They also were linked to lower stress and

reduced conflict

The Nature of Attitudes

Attitude

 learned predisposition to respond in a

consistently favorable or unfavorable manner

with respect to a given object

The Nature of Attitudes

When Attitudes and Reality Collide:

Cognitive Dissonance

How people reduce dissonance

1.Change your attitude or behavior, or both

2.Belittle the importance of the inconsistent

behavior

3.Find consonant elements that outweigh the dissonant ones

Alexa dreads going to work each day She

hates her job and her supervisor, but will not take time to look for a different job She is

How Stable are Attitudes?

Three factors accounted for middle-age

attitude stability:

(1) greater personal certainty

(2) perceived abundance of knowledge

(3) a need for strong attitudes

Ajzen’s Theory of Planned Behavior

Figure 5-3

Positive and Negative Emotions

Positive and Negative Emotions

Emotional Intelligence

Emotional Intelligence

 ability to manage oneself one’s relationships in mature and constructive ways

Dave is not very patient with restaurant

service and will often complain loudly if

things don’t go as expected He is not very

high in

A.Aggressiveness

B.Positive affectivity

C.Emotional intelligence

Emotional Contagion and

Emotional Labor

Emotional

contagion

sours your mood

Video: Toying with Success: The

McFarlane Companies

What personality traits do entrepreneurs like Todd

McFarlane possess that distinguish them from other

individuals? Do you think McFarlane has an internal or

external locus of control?

What cognitive abilities do you think contributed most to

McFarlane’s success?

Why is the development of new products such as sports

figures critical to the McFarlane Companies?

How important are self-efficacy beliefs and intelligence in

the creative process that leads to new products concepts?

Video Case: Generation Next Changes

the Face of the Workplace

What characteristics of Generation Y employees

are so different from Generation X or Baby Boomer employees?

How much responsibility for change should the

organization take on and how much should the

workers?

What programs have you seen in the workplace

today that are designed to address these issues?

Do most employers recognize this as an important