Tân ngữ chủ động active object-chủ ngữ bị động pasive subject.. Be + past participle * Nếu động từ chủ động active verb ở thì Simple present hoặc Simple past, thì dạng của động từ bị độn
Trang 1The passive voice
- Active: Mr Smith taught English.
- Passive: English was taught by Mr Smith.
I/ Qui tắc:
1 Tân ngữ chủ động (active object)-chủ ngữ bị động (pasive subject)
2 Động từ bị động ( pasive verb)
Be + past participle
* Nếu động từ chủ động (active verb) ở thì Simple present hoặc Simple past, thì dạng của động từ bị động là:
Am, Is, Are
+ Past Participle.
Was, Were
Ex:
1 John delivers the newspapers every morning
- The newspapers are delivered by John every morning.
2 My mother wrote that letter
- That letter was written by my mother.
* Nếu động từ chủ động ở thì Present Continuous hoặc Past Continuous thì dạng động từ bị động sẽ là:
Am, Is, Are
+ Being + Past Participle.
Was, Were
Ex:
1 He is asking me a lot of questions
- I am being asked a lot of questions.
2 She was doing her homework at that time
- Her homework was being done at that time.
* Nếu động từ chủ động ở thì Present Perfect hoặc Past Perfect, thì dạng
động từ bị động là:
Have, Has, Had + Been + Past Participle.
Ex:
1 She has given me some presents on my birthday
- I have been given some presents on my birthday by her.
2 They had prepared a dinner before we came
- A dinner had been prepared before we came.
* Nếu động từ chủ động dùng với Model verbs (can, will, shall, must, have
to, use to, …) thì dạng động từ bị động là: ) thì dạng động từ bị động là:
Model verbs + Be + Past Participle.
Ex:
1 My friend can answer the questions
- The questions can be answered by my friend.
2 The manager should sign these contracts today
- These contracts should be signed by the manager.
3.Chủ ngữ chủ động (active subject)-BY + tân ngữ bị động
Chú ý: (me, you, her, them, us, people, someone,…nên bỏ khỏi câu bị động nên bỏ khỏi câu bị động nếu không muốn nêu rõ tác nhân
Ghi chú:
- Nếu câu chủ động có các trạng từ chỉ nơi chốn thì đặt chúng trớc By + tân ngữ bị động.
Ex:
Trang 2The police found him the forest.
+ He was found in the forest by the police
- Nếu câu chủ động có các trạng từ chỉ nơi chốn thì đặt chúng sau By + tân ngữ bị động
Ex:
My parents are going to buy a car tomorrow
+ A car is going to be bought by my parents tomorrow
- Nếu động từ chủ động có hai tân ngữ, một trong hai tân ngữ có thể dùng làm chủ ngữ trong câu bị động.
Ex:
She gave her sister the car
+ Her sister was given the car
+ The car was given to her sister
II/ Exercise : Chuyển các câu sau sang thể bị động.
1 The teacher explains the lesson
- The lesson is explained by the teacher
2 Mrs Green is cooking the food in the kichen
- The food is being cooked in the kichen by Mrs Green
3 The doctor examined the patients
- The patients are examined by the doctor
4 These boys made that noise
- That noise was made by these boys
5 People speak English all over the world
- English is spoken all over the world
6 He gave him back the money last Sunday
- He was given the money back last Sunday
7 I can’t do these exercises quikly
- These exercises can’t be done quikly
8 She had finished the report by noon
- The report had been finished by noon
9 The movie has disappointed us very much
- We have been disappointed very much by the movie
10 They havr to pay the bill before the first of the month
- The bill has to be paid before the first of the month
11 They will ask you several questions
- You will be asked several questions
12 The police are holding him for further questioning
- He is being held for further questioning by the police
13 My parents promised me a bicycle two days ago
- I was promised a bicycle by my parents two days ago
14 Somebody has locked the box and can’t open it
- The box has been locked and can’t be opened
15 They had eaten all the dinner before they finished the conversation
- All the dinner had been eaten before the conversation was finished
16 Did the clown make you laugh a lot last night ?
- Were you made to laugh a lot by the clown last night ?
17 I want you to do this work now
- I want this work to be done now
18 He shouldn’t do that silly thing
- That silly thing should not be done
Trang 319 People must hand in their weapons.
- Their weapons must be handed in
20 Somebody calls the president every morning
- The president is called every morning
The end