How to use the materials These official CIMA learning materials have been carefully designed to make your learning experience as easy as possible and to give you the best chances of suc
Trang 2Acknowledgements
We are grateful to the CIMA for permission to reproduce past examination questions. The answers to CIMA Exams have been prepared by Kaplan Publishing, except in the case of the CIMA November
2010 and subsequent CIMA Exam answers where the official CIMA answers have been reproduced
Notice
The text in this material and any others made available by any Kaplan Group company does not amount to advice on a particular matter and should not be taken as such. No reliance should be placed on the content as the basis for any investment or other decision or in connection with any advice given to third parties. Please consult your appropriate professional adviser as necessary. Kaplan Publishing Limited and all other Kaplan group companies expressly disclaim all liability to any person in respect of any losses or other claims, whether direct, indirect, incidental, consequential or otherwise arising in relation to the use of such materials
Kaplan is not responsible for the content of external websites. The inclusion of a link to a third party website in this text should not be taken as an endorsement
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
ISBN: 9781784152963
Printed and bound in Great Britain.
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Trang 5Introduction
vchapter
Intro
Trang 6How to use the materials
These official CIMA learning materials have been carefully designed to make your learning experience as easy as possible and to give you the best chances of success in your Objective Test Examination.
The product range contains a number of features to help you in the study process. They include:
This Study Text has been designed with the needs of home study and distance learning candidates in mind. Such students require very full coverage of the syllabus topics, and also the facility to undertake extensive question practice. However, the Study Text is also ideal for fully taught courses.
The main body of the text is divided into a number of chapters, each of which is organised on the following pattern:
• Stepbystep topic coverage. This is the heart of each chapter, containing detailed explanatory text supported where appropriate by worked examples and exercises. You should work carefully through this section, ensuring that you understand the material being explained and can tackle the examples and exercises successfully. Remember that in many cases knowledge is cumulative: if you fail to digest earlier
material thoroughly, you may struggle to understand later chapters
• Activities. Some chapters are illustrated by more practical elements, such as comments and questions designed to stimulate discussion
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Trang 8Exclamation mark – This symbol signifies a topic which can be more difficult to understand. When reviewing these areas, care should be taken.Study technique
Passing exams is partly a matter of intellectual ability, but however accomplished you are in that respect you can improve your chances significantly by the use of appropriate study and revision techniques. In this section we briefly outline some tips for effective study during the earlier stages of your approach to the Objective Test Examination. We also mention some techniques that you will find useful at the revision stage. Planning
To begin with, formal planning is essential to get the best return from the time you spend studying. Estimate how much time in total you are going to need for each subject you are studying. Remember that you need to allow time for revision as well as for initial study of the material.
With your study material before you, decide which chapters you are going to study in each week, and which weeks you will devote to revision and final question practice.
Prepare a written schedule summarising the above and stick to it!
It is essential to know your syllabus. As your studies progress you will become more familiar with how long it takes to cover topics in sufficient depth. Your timetable may need to be adapted to allocate enough time for the whole syllabus.
Students are advised to refer to the notice of examinable legislation published regularly in CIMA’s magazine (Financial Management), the students enewsletter (Velocity) and on the CIMA website, to ensure they are uptodate.
The amount of space allocated to a topic in the Study Text is not a very good guide as to how long it will take you. The syllabus weighting is the better guide as to how long you should spend on a syllabus topic.
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Trang 9Tips for effective studying
Trang 10Objective Test Objective Test questions require you to choose or provide a response to a question whose correct answer is predetermined.
The most common types of Objective Test question you will see are:
In every chapter of this Study Text we have introduced these types of questions, but obviously we have had to label answers A, B, C etc rather than using click boxes. For convenience we have retained quite a few questions where an initial scenario leads to a number of subquestions. There will be questions of this type in the Objective Test Examination but they will rarely have more than three subquestions.
Guidance re CIMA onscreen calculator
As part of the CIMA Objective Test software, candidates are now provided with a calculator. This calculator is onscreen and is available for the duration of the assessment. The calculator is available in each of the Objective Test Examinations and is accessed by clicking the calculator button in the top left hand corner of the screen at any time during the assessment.
All candidates must complete a 15minute tutorial before the assessment begins and will have the opportunity to familiarise themselves with the calculator and practise using it.
Candidates may practise using the calculator by downloading and installing the practice exam at http://www.vue.com/athena/. The calculator can be accessed from the fourth sample question (of 12).
• Multiple choice, where you have to choose the correct answer(s) from a list of possible answers. This could either be numbers or text
• Multiple choice with more choices and answers, for example, choosing two correct answers from a list of eight possible answers. This could either be numbers or text
• Single numeric entry, where you give your numeric answer, for example, profit is $10,000
• Multiple entry, where you give several numeric answers
• True/false questions, where you state whether a statement is true or false
• Matching pairs of text, for example, matching a technical term with the correct definition
• Other types could be matching text with graphs and labelling graphs/diagrams
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Trang 12CIMA VERB HIERARCHY CIMA place great importance on the definition of verbs in structuring Objective Test Examinations. It is therefore crucial that you understand the verbs in order to appreciate the depth and breadth of a topic and the level of skill required. The Objective Tests will focus on levels one, two and three of the CIMA hierarchy of verbs. However they will also test levels four and five, especially at the management and strategic levels. You can therefore expect
to be tested on knowledge, comprehension, application, analysis and evaluation in these examinations.
Level 1: KNOWLEDGE What you are expected to know.
For example you could be asked to make a list of the advantages of a particular information system by selecting all options that apply from a given set of possibilities. Or you could be required to define relationship
marketing by selecting the most appropriate option from a list.
Level 2: COMPREHENSION What you are expected to understand.
For example you may be asked to distinguish between different aspects of the global business environment by dragging external factors and dropping into a PEST analysis.
Illustrate Use an example to describe or explain something.
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Trang 14Level 5: EVALUATION How you are expected to use your learning to evaluate, make decisions or recommendations.
For example you may be asked to recommend and select an appropriate course of action based on a short scenario.
Trang 15PRESENT VALUE TABLE
Present value of 1.00 unit of currency, that is ( ) n
r −
+
1 where r = interest rate; n = number of
periods until payment or receipt.
Please check the CIMA website for the latest version of the maths
tables and formulae sheets in advance of sitting your live assessment
Trang 16Cumulative present value of 1.00 unit of currency per annum, Receivable or Payable at the end of
each year for n years r r
Trang 17E1
ORGANISATIONAL MANAGEMENT
Syllabus overview
E1 focuses on the structuring of organisations It covers the structure and principles
underpinning the operational functions of the organisation, their efficient management and effective interaction in enabling the organisation to achieve its strategic objectives It lays the foundation for gaining further insight into both the immediate operating environment and long-term strategic future of organisations, which are covered in E2 and E3
Summary of syllabus
Trang 19boundaries of the organisation including externalisation
corporate governance, the ethical responsibilitie
Trang 30for employees to contribute to the organisation including; job
Trang 31The different purposes of organisations
Chapter learning objectives
(a) Discuss the different purposes of organisations
1chapter
1
Trang 321 Introduction
Chapters 1 to 3 focus on Section A of the syllabus, ‘Introduction to Organisations’
All organisations will have a unique set of goals and we are going to introduce this syllabus area by focusing on the different purposes of organisations. In Chapter 2, we go on to explain the different structures that organisations may adopt in pursuit of the goals set and in Chapter 3 we will discuss governance, regulation, ethics and corporate social responsibility.
2 Organisations and the reasons they are formed
2.1 What is an organisation?
Defining an organisation is difficult as there are many types of organisations which are set up to meet a variety of needs, such as clubs, schools
companies, charities and hospitals.
What they all have in common is summarised in the definition produced by Buchanan and Huczynski.
‘Organisations are social arrangements for the controlled performance of collective goals.’
Consider the three aspects of Buchanan and Huczynski’s definition in more detail:
(a) ‘Collective goals’ – organisations are defined by their goals. The main goal of a school is to educate pupils. It will therefore be organised differently to a company that aims to make profits
(b) ‘Social arrangements’ – someone working alone cannot be classed
as an organisation. Organisations are structured to allow people to work together towards a common goal. Usually, the larger the organisation, the more formal its structures
The different purposes of organisations
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What is an organisation?
Trang 34Objective test questions
E1 will be examined in a computerised objective test (OT) exam. A large number of objective test questions (OTQs) have been included in this text. It
is important to practise as many questions as possible. The actual exam questions will be in a range of different formats. The main types will be multiple choice, multiple response, number entry, drag and drop, hot spot and drop down.
• Specialise – individual workers can concentrate on a limited type of activity. This allows them to build up a greater level of skill and knowledge than they would have if they attempted to be good at everything.
• Pool resources – whether money or time
Jared is organising a social event. Which of the following would be benefits of him forming a committee to manage the planning process and the event itself?
(i) It would help to overcome his limitations, by bringing on board other people with different skills to him
(ii) It would save time through the joint efforts of everyone on the committee
Trang 353 Different types of organisation
Trang 36Private limited companies (with ‘Ltd’ after their name) – these tend to
be smaller businesses, often owned by a few shareholders. Shares cannot be offered to the general public.
Public limited companies (with ‘plc’ after their name) – these can be much larger businesses. Shares can be offered to the general public, meaning that there can be millions of different shareholders. This makes it easier for the company to raise finance, enabling further growth.
Not for profit organisations Notforprofit organisations (NFPs) do not see profitability as their main objective. Instead, they seek to satisfy the particular needs of their members
or the sectors of society that they have been set up to benefit.
NFPs include the following:
• government departments and agencies (such as HM Revenue and Customs)
• schools
• hospitals
• charities (such as the Red Cross, Oxfam and Doctors Without Borders)
• A charity may have ‘provision of relief to victims of disasters’ as its main objective
The different purposes of organisations
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Illustration 2 – NFP examples
Trang 373.2 Public versus private sector organisations
Public sector organisations
Illustration 4 – Private sector
Illustration 3 – Public sector organisations
Trang 38Note on question style
A number of the test your understandings included in this text do not represent the style of question that you will be presented with in the operational level exams (i.e. either OTQs or case style questions). However, they are included for learning purposes and should serve to enhance your knowledge and understanding of the subject. It is important to work through these questions before sitting the exam.
NGOs often promote political, social or environmental change within the countries they operate.
Some of the largest NGOs operate in the humanitarian sphere and include:
Trang 40(i) To maximise the wealth of shareholders(ii) To protect the environment
4.1 Mission
Mission is the most generalised type of objective and can be seen as an expression of the organisation’s reason for being.
Trang 41An organisation may also have a vision which sets out how they see the
organisation in the future. This is closely linked to the mission of the
organisation.
chapter 1
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Illustration 8 – Examples of mission
Test your understanding 5
Trang 42(Toyota)
‘To be the company that best understands and satisfies the product, service and selffulfilment needs of womenglobally.’
(Avon) 'To make Merseyside a safer, stronger and healthier community.'
(Merseyside Fire and Rescue Service)
Vision and mission should not be confused. The terms are often used interchangeably but mission statements are presentbased statements designed to convey a sense of why the organisation exists to all of its interested parties. Vision statements, on the other hand, are future
based and meant to inspire and give direction to the employees of the organisation, not those outside the organisation.
4.3 Objectives
The mission establishes what the organisation wants to achieve overall. However, in order to achieve the mission, an organisation should establish a number of detailed objectives. Objectives should be SMART, i.e. specific, measurable, achievable, relevant and timeconstrained.
5 Creating value for stakeholders
5.1 Introduction
An organisation has many different interested parties or stakeholders, each with different objectives and degrees of influence. Stakeholders are virtually everybody who has anything to do with an organisation.
It is vital for managers to understand the varying needs of the different stakeholders in the organisation. Failure to do so could mean that important stakeholders do not have their needs met, which could be disastrous for the organisation.
The different purposes of organisations
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Illustration 9 – Examples of vision
Distinction between mission and vision