01 method for sika v1

CHAPTER 2 PRESSING PILE METHOD STATEMENTPC, PHC piles that will be used in the project shall be approved by the Owner, andmade by contract between the Contractor and the Suppliers.. 3.3.

CONSTRUCTION METHOD STATEMENT

CHAPTER 1 TEMPORARY WORK & PREPARATION 4

1.1 GENERAL 4

1.2 SITE INSPECTION, ATTACHING BATTER BOARDS, SCAFFOLDING, Etc 5

1.3 TEMPORARY ACCESS ROAD 6

1.4 MATERIAL STORAGE YARDS, CONSTRUCTION SHEDS AND OTHER TEMPORARY WORKS 7

1.5 REMOVAL OF TEMPORARY UNITS AND OTHERS 7

CHAPTER 2 PRESSING PILE METHOD STATEMENT 8

2.1 FABRICATION OF PC PILE SEGMENTS 8

2.2 PILE MAINTAINING AT SITE 8

2.3 SURVEYING OF PILE LOCATION 8

2.4 PREPARATION WORKS BEFORE DRIVING PILE 9

2.5 PILE PRESSING EXECUTION 9

2.6 STATIC LOADING TEST 10

CHAPTER 3 EARTH WORK 13

3.1 GENERAL REQUIREMENT 13

3.2 EARTH WORK SUPPORT 14

3.3 METHOD OF EXECUTION 14

CHAPTER 4 REINFORCEMENT WORKS 18

4.1 MATERIALS 18

4.2 PROCESSING AND ASSEMBLY 18

4.3 ARRANGEMENT OF BARS 19

4.4 HOLES IN BEAMS AND OTHER CASE 19

CHAPTER 5 FORMWORKS 20

5.1 MATERIALS AND CONSTRUCTION 20

5.2 ASSEMBLY 20

SEQUENCE OF CONSTRUCTION FOR COLUMN & WALL 20

5.3 FORMWORK INSTALLATION 21

5.4 FORMWORK REMOVAL 22

5.5 HEAD TREATMENT FOR FORM TIGHTENING PARTS 22

CHAPTER 6 CONCRETE WORK 23

6.1 GENERAL 23

SEQUENCE OF CONSTRUCTION OF BUILDING FLOOR SLAB 23

6.2 CONCRETE CASTING PLAN 23

6.3 MATERIALS FOR NORMAL WEIGHT CONCRETE 24

6.4 MIX PROPORTION OF ORDINARY CONCRETE 24

6.5 PRODUCTION, TRANSPORT AND PLACEMENT OF CONCRETE 25

6.6 TESTING 28

6.7 TROWEL FINISH FOR FLOOR CONCRETE 29

CHAPTER 7 STRUCTURAL STEEL WORK 31

7.1 GENERAL 31

7.2 MATERIALS REQUIREMENTS 31

7.3 GENERAL SHOP DRAWINGS 32

7.4 ANCHOR BOLT SETTING 36

7.5 WELDED JOINTS 37

7.6 PAINTING 42

7.7 OTHER NOTICES ON FABRICATING STEEL STRUCTURES 42

CHAPTER 8 FINISHING WORKS 44

8.1 WATERPROOFING 44

8.2 BRICK WORK 45

8.3 DOOR FRAMES INSTALLATION 45

8.4 PLASTER WORK 47

8.5 TILE WORK 49

8.6 PAINTING WORKS 52

8.7 CEILING WORK 54

8.8 METAL WORK 54

CHAPTER 9 INTERNAL ROAD 56

9.1 ROADWAY EXCAVATION 56

9.2 METHOD APPLIED FOR CONSTRUCTION OF SUB-GRADE 56

9.3 THE METHOD APPLIED FOR CONSTRUCTION OF BASE AND SUB-BASE COURSE 57

9.4 THE CONSTRUCTION METHOD OF ROAD STRUCTURE 59

Site clearing shall consist of clearing, grubbing, removing of top soil, and removing and disposal of all vegetation and debris within the limits except such objects as are designated to remain in place or are to be removed in accordance with specifications

or instruction of the Engineer

MAJOR SEQUENCE AND PLAN FOR CONSTRUCTION

1.2 SITE INSPECTION, ATTACHING BATTER BOARDS, SCAFFOLDING,

Etc.

1.2.1 Checking Site Conditions and Staking Out

After verifying the conditions on site, the location of the building shall be indicated

by staking out or other suitable method and this shall be inspected by the Engineer.1.2.2 Benchmarks

Firmly install wooden or concrete stakes as benchmarks so as to prevent anymovement, and provide curing around them A fixed non-moving object may beused as a substitute

Benchmarks shall be inspected by the Engineer

1.2.3 Attaching Batter Boards

After staking out the site, install batter boards at the corners and other importantpoints of the building, and provide temporary making for setting line at a placewhere the work will not be affected

Temporary Access road

The top of the batter board shall be planed using a planer and attached horizontally

to the ground stakes with nails

When attaching batter boards clearly indicate the location of the building andhorizontal reference and ask the Engineer to inspect the batter boards

1.2.4 Scaffolding

Scaffolding, landing stages, temporary enclosures etc shall be built with appropriatematerials and structures in accordance with the labor law, building standard law,requirements for public disaster prevention in construction and other relevant laws

Clearing and Grubbing and Tree Removal

The Contractor shall clear and/or grub, including disposal as required all surfaceobjects and all trees, down timber, rotten wood, stumps, roots, snags, brush, othervegetation, rubbish, and other protruding obstructions not designated to remain

In area under roadway embankments, from which the topsoil or unsuitable materialsare to be removed or which are designated to be compacted, the Contractor shallremove all stumps and roots to a depth at least 20 cm below the original groundsurface and at least 15 cm below the bottom of the lowest pavement layer

In roadway cut area, all stumps and roots shall be remove to a depth of not less than

30 cm below the finished sub-grade level

Voids left after removal of roots shall be filled with suitable compacted materials asapproved by the Engineer

Topsoil Stripping

The Contractor shall remove the topsoil in area under roadway embankment orwhere designated by the Engineer, and stockpile / dispose of it to the approved area

as directed by the Engineer

When the topsoil will be used for dressing of the slopes of the embankment or otherarea as directed by the Engineer or as indicated on the drawings, the Contractorshall place and spread the stockpiled topsoil in such designated area Afterspreading, the topsoil shall be raked to form a smooth surface free from weeds,roots, sods and large stones

Removal of topsoil shall be executed to the depth as directed by the Engineer, andthe topsoil shall be kept separate from other excavated materials

Disposal of Cleared Materials

All cleared material is the property of the Engineer and shall be used or disposed of

as the Employer sees fit

The Contractor shall haul all cleared material from the clearing and grubbingoperation to locations designated by the Engineer No accumulation of debris shallremain on or adjacent to the right-of-way

1.4 MATERIAL STORAGE YARDS, CONSTRUCTION SHEDS AND OTHER

TEMPORARY WORKS

1.4.1 Materials storage yards

Material storage yards or construction sheds, etc shall be allocated and constructed

to suit the stored material and depend on site organizing plan

1.4.2 Storehouses for explosives

Storehouses for flammable materials such as paints and oil shall conform to therelevant laws and be situated as far as possible from buildings, construction sheds,material storage yards etc The roof and interior and exterior walls and ceilings shall

be of fire-preventive construction or be covered with a fire protection material; eachdoor shall be lockable, and provided with a "CAUTION: FLAMMABLES" noticeand fire extinguisher

1.4.3 Contractor's Offices and other rooms

The contractor's office, toilet, etc shall be provided

Signboards displaying the name of the construction work, name of owner and otherdetails shall be installed at a suitable location on the construction site

If a temporary construction is disturbing the progress of work or the use of otherbuildings within the premises, then the contractor shall negotiate with the Engineerfor its removal

In the event that there is no place to move the temporary construction, then part ofthe construction may be used if approved by the Engineer

The temporary constructions should be removed, the construction area as wellnearby areas cleared and cleaned and the ground surface leveled before the formalcompletion of the construction work

CHAPTER 2 PRESSING PILE METHOD STATEMENT

PC, PHC piles that will be used in the project shall be approved by the Owner, andmade by contract between the Contractor and the Supplier(s)

Pile document includes pile catalogue, all pile quality certificates and materialtesting reports

2.2 PILE MAINTAINING AT SITE

All storage piles at site keep in good condition carefully Be specific to comply withregulations as follows:

- Piles comply with number of layers exactly (non exceeded 03 layers)

- Supporters must be put in the correct handling positions marked on pilebody Piles are not put on the ground directly which maybe generateparticular stresses to crack or break pile to effect on quality of pile

- Absolutely do not put any heavy objects on the pile body as well aspreventing to hit beside of pile body

- Do not put piles which have the differ lengths together

- While transporting, loading to truck-trailer as well as unloading storage orinstalling into locations, hooks and cables must be good; and whenworkers wear the cable into handling points, they should be careful toprevent slipping and breaking

- The previous fabrication piles should be driven first, the next pile will bedriven later unless having the other requirements from the Client or theSupervising Consultant

Maintaining methods at site must be done strictly, any violations must be penalizedadequately to ensure the strictness and safety for all works

The work will be done immediately after completion of site plan preparation andhaving full of designed pile drawings They includes works as follows:

- Locating standard level is obtained from the National standard level Itshould be done and handed-over with Supervising Consultant and theClient because it will be base on cutting pile head after completion

- Locating points of co-ordinate standard in piling location gridline

- Locating points of pile is obtained from locations of points of co-ordinatestandard

The surveying work are done by theodolites and checked in two perpendiculardirections, also constructing fixed intermediate survey-marker to perhaps checkpromptly the co-ordinate system of pile driving

2.4 PREPARATION WORKS BEFORE DRIVING PILE

Gathering full of pile quantity of adjacent driven pile positions Checking thenumber of pile, diameter, length, pile location, hammer type, drop height of hammer

to record on pile driven record sheet

Marking each 25cm for final piece of combination pile no to determine the depth ofdriven pile

Preparation equipment use for recording pile set such as pile set recording form,drawing pencil and supporters etc…

If execution at area recorded to have obstructers, it should be removed out which isnear the nature ground level or boring in advance if it is more deeper

Prepared dolly is soft wood such as fir or plywood with 5-10cm thickness Thewood dolly is used one time for a driven pile only; it is not used for the next pilealthough it still be in good status

Should use cover and dolly suitable with pile cross section The slits between pilehip to each of the edge of cover should not exceed 1cm

2.5.1 Pile driving execution at SIKA VIETNAM factory located in VSIP Bac Ninh

Based on the fact of site and construction plan, to shorten and to ensure theexecution in comformity with the schedule, a robot pile pressing machine shall beused for piling work It has greatly increased the piling speed which could reach themaximum capacity in 6m pile per minute

While handling, should pay attention to points of wearing hook is necessaryexactitude, especially dragging pile into the rig at one point must be complied withEngineer’s instructions

Piles are checked the vertical degree in two perpendicular directions by theodolitesand it is careful continuously during pressing procedure

When jointing pile, the joint is the welding joint, height and width welding is done

as shown in design detailed pile drawing and welding rod On the other hand,alignment of under piece must be line to the upper piece and centric axis of underpiece is line to the upper piece

When pressing, follow and check frequently as well as counting the blows of 100cmpenetration length to record in the pile driven record sheet

To friction piles, driving pile will be stopped when pile tip reach the designed level

or bearing capacity of pile is over the designed bearing capacity

While pile pressing procedure, if any strange phenomenon are happened is to stop

to inform to the Engineer to be instructed treatment method complied with “Some

of cautions” clause bellow

allowable calibration criterions

Checking pile installation position suitable for design

While pile driving procedure, perpendicular of pile need to be checked frequently intwo directions as well as center of both of piece when jointing, especially appeareddeformations

or the Client to approve whether accepted or not

- Pile reached at the designed depth before reaching the required pile set: inthis case, it should be to inform to Supervising Consultant or the Engineerimmediately to consider treatment methods or connect the second pile todrive the pile until reaching the required pile set or stopping to drive tocancel it and adding the other

- Pile is broken at the pile head in driving: if happened, it should be toinform to Supervising Consultant or the Client and Manufacturer toconsider the grade of destroyed pile head together

- If the pile head is damage slightly such as appearing the slits around thehook or peeling off concrete outside the pile head, it is done to cut offdamage part of 0.3-0.5m from the end of slits, then pasted the end plateother by Epoxy glue and it is driven continuously after 30 minutes

- If the pile head is damaged strictly such as collapsing on side or the length

of breaking completion concrete to expose reinforcements are large, at thattime, it should be approved by Supervising Consultant or the Client topermit to treat as the above or add the pile other

2.6.1 General

Must be performed before driving pile in mass

This is the canonical testing method and regarded reliable method to test the loadingcapacity of pile

Number & tested piles are shown in design drawings

2.6.2 Sequence of work

Install equipment and settling measure instruments

Loading for pile is divided to several levels, increases for each level with value1/15-1/10 of estimated loading (in normal each level increase about 1,25; 2,5; 5; or

10 ton) At the first stage each level shall be added about 1/5-1/25 of ultimateloading At following stages, the added loading shall be reduced gradually about

1/15-1/10 of ultimate loading After each loading level, depending on the type ofsoil, the settling shall be recorded once per 5-20 minutes until stability Standardstability of testing pile for each loading level must follow the regulations:

- The settling within last 60 minutes (for sand) and 120 minutes (for claysoil) not be exceed 1mm After each stage, just stop settling to permitloading for next stage and repeat until approach the destructive loading

- Total settling of pile is exceed 40mm and settling of following stage ≥ 5times bigger than the settling of previous stage

- Although the settling (subside) of the next stage is just only 2 times biggerthan the settling of previous but over one day and night the settle iscontinuously

- After obtaining the destructive load, remove loading for researching elasticdeformation of pile and soil Each reduced loading level is double increaseloading level If number of increase loading level is odd, the first removedloading level is 3 times of weight than the final increase loading level.During remove loading time of each level, record the parameter showed inmeasure instrument: 2 times for beginning, record every 15 minutes,continue record 1 to 3 times every 30 minutes, after that go to the nextreduced loading level

- The line shows the relation between settle and loading to determinedestructive loading and calculated loading capacity of pile

Base on the curve of relation between settle and loading test to be able to determinecalculated loading capacity of pile as following function:

P=k.m.PghWhere as:

- K: Homogeneous co-efficient of soil, equal 0.8

- M: Working condition co-efficient equal 1

- Pgh: Standard loading capacity of pile equal limited loading, Pgh to bedetermined in the graph of relation between settle and loading of pile.Limited loading ( Pgh ) shall be determine as follow:

(a) (b) (c) 0

i) If point of pile stand on soil layer with big size granular, and with big

or normal granular in tight status as well as clay soil in hard statusshall be showed by curve S-f(p) ( curve a)

ii) If the curve break into several sections, Pgh shall be determined

corresponding to the position of break point in curve By this status,despite of a little increasing of load but the deformation grow rapidly(curve b)

iii) Case of great slope downgrade of curve, shall be difficult for

determining the limited loading The value Pgh shall be determinedbase on allowable limited settle of building (curve c)

CHAPTER 3 EARTH WORK

3.1.1 General

All necessary measures to prevent abnormal settlement, sliding of slopes and otherdisasters shall be taken during construction

All efforts shall be made to prevent spills and scattering when carrying soil or outflow

of mud due to water drainage Cleaning and washing with water shall be performed asrequired

3.1.2 Excavation and backfilling

Excavation should be suited to the situation in surrounding areas, geology andgroundwater conditions, and slope surface protection or landslide protection shall beemployed in accordance with the relevant laws so as to prevent the collapse ofsediment

Where buildings adjacent to the excavation area are likely to be collapsed or broken,adequate measures shall be taken in advance to prevent such occurrences

Where underground water supply or drain pipe, gas pipe or cables are likely to bediscovered, a survey shall be conducted In the event that a buried object is found, itshall be carefully handled so as not to cause damage All necessary emergencymeasures shall be taken, and the final outcome shall be determined through discussingwith the Engineer and/or the authority concerned

All minor obstacles to construction work shall be removed The treatment of majorobstacles shall be discussed with the Engineer

The bottom of cutting shall be excavated without disturbing the ground, and inspected

by the Engineer upon completion of the excavation

3.1.3 Drainage

Rainwater, spring water, stagnant water, etc that may hinder construction shall beremoved via drain ditches, catching basins or pumps Where unusual freshet isseriously affecting the execution of the work, this matter shall be brought to theattention of the Engineer

Appropriate measures shall be taken before draining water from the excavated area so

as not to influence the bottom of the cutting, the surface of slope, construction site orneighboring areas

3.1.4 Backfilling and Filling

Prior to Backfilling, remove formwork and other objects located in the area to bebackfilled Consult the Engineer in the event that formwork shall remain as they are.Consult the Engineer if the excavated soils are not suited to the backfilling and fill.Extra fill settlement or allowance may be required depending on the soils

3.1.5 Grading

Grading (leveling) shall be performed for a width of approximately 1m around thebuilding in order to drain away water

3.1.6 Disposal of Earth Generated during Construction

Earth generated from the construction work shall be transported outside the premisesand disposed of in a suitable manner in accordance with local regulations

In the event that some of earth generated from the construction work can be reused,under consultation with the Engineer and/or the local authority

Earthwork shall be supported safely and securely in accordance with the localregulations and/or the Engineer’s directions

Earthwork supporting system shall be submitted to the Engineer for approval withcalculation sheet

During execution due attention should be given to the stress and deformation with aview to potential disasters

When installing earthwork support works, constantly check and measure the adjacentground for potential landslides Should any abnormal state be detected, adequate stepsshall be immediately taken and a report made to the Engineer

Removal of earthwork support structures shall be performed in a careful manner afterverifying the safety level The holes left after steel sheet piles are pulled out shall beimmediately backfilled with sand or other suitable material directed by the Engineer,thereby preventing deformation of the ground

3.3.1 Excavation

All excavation shall be carried out to the required lengths, depths, inclinations andcurvatures as may be necessary for the constructions of the work or as shown on thedrawings in whatever material that may be found, including top soil and the surplussoil shall be disposed of as VINACONEX E&C engineers may instruct

Excavation for foundation shall extend a sufficient distance from the footing(approximately 50 cm) to create appropriate space for placing and removal of forms.The bottoms of all excavation shall be leveled carefully, unless otherwise on thedrawing or by VINACONEX E&C engineers’ instructions

3.3.2 Excavation Process

Machine Excavation

The purpose of machine excavation is to speed up the process Follow this procedure,excavation machine can not break the underground soil structure which according tothe design of foundation Excavator will not be able to excavate the small space, butthat soil will be excavated by hand Anyway, after excavator has finished its work, theexcavation pit is to be repaired by hand

Checking-level pole will be used to correct the level of ground during excavation byhand.

3.3.3 Inspection of Excavations

All excavations are to be inspected and must be approved by VINACONEX E&Cengineer before gravel and lean concrete is laid (in case the work is carried out by asub contractor of VINACONEX E&C) The sub contractor shall inform VINACONEXE&C engineer in time to allow VINACONEX E&C’s inspector to make the visualinspection of the excavation works

3.3.4 Additional Excavation

If it is necessary for any reason to form, extend and/or deepen foundations under oraround any part of the work, the additional excavation shall be processed

3.3.5 Inspection before Filling

No filling in shall be commenced until the concrete foundations have been inspected

by VINACONEX E&C engineer in charge

3.3.6 Upholding Sides of Excavation

When it is necessary, upholding the sides of excavations shall be processed to preventany damage to adjacent structure and buildings caused by collapsing of sides andembankments of excavations

3.3.7 Timber, etc Left in Excavations

Timbering, dust, debris, rubbish, etc Shall not be left in when excavations are beingfilled

3.3.8 Removal of Surplus Soil

All surplus excavated material, rubbish and waste matter shall be removed from thesite The place for disposal shall be selected by site manager or by sub contractor.3.3.9 Keeping Excavation Free From Water

Powered pumping, drainage or otherwise shall be used to keep the whole of theexcavation free from water issues which may be arised by rain, flood, drain, springs orany other cause If the work is carried out by a sub contractor of VINACONEX E&C,they shall consult VINACONEX E&C engineer being in charge before he starts with

the excavation works that suitable equipment, in good working condition is available

on the project site

3.3.10 Conclusion

There are many important matters that we have to pay attention in order to carry outthe project successfully:

- Preparation period of work:

o Study drawing and engineering specifications

o Quantity surveying

o Execution method

- Master schedule and detail schedule of work

- Supervision on site and meeting with all of Team every day

- Report in tomorrow’s work meeting every day (location, quantity,transportation way)

- Writing report after the wok has been completed

CHAPTER 4 REINFORCEMENT WORKS

Steel and reinforcing bar will be place in material storage area, with cover-roofing and

in a order that is for the conveniences of users and construction schedule Steel andreinforcing bar must not be placed directly on the ground

Do not use gas pressure welded joints for SD 295A, or lap joints for sizes over D29.Reinforcing bars with dangerous bends, cracks, splits or other defects shall not be usedunder any circumstances

Reinforcing bars in coil form shall be straightened by a straightening machine beforeuse

Reinforcing bars shall be cut with shear cutters or saws Gas cutting is permitted whereunavoidable, if approved by the Engineer

Spot welding and arc strike shall not be permitted for reinforcing bars Reinforcingbars, however, is spot-welded after preheating if approved by the Engineer

Hooks at each end of the reinforcing bars shall be provided where:

- The main reinforcements are located at the four corners of a column, at lapjoints and at the top of column at the highest story

- The lap joints to the main reinforcement of beam are located at the outer cornersand at the both ends of the lower portion of beam, except for foundation beams

- Base reinforcing bars for pile foundation

- Hoop, stirrup and yoke bar

Reinforcing bars shall be bent as shown on the structural drawings in the DesignDocuments

Lap joint and anchorage shall be provided as mentioned below, unless otherwiseshown on the structural drawings in the Design Documents

4.2.2 Thickness of Cover Concrete and Interval of Reinforcing Bars

The minimum thickness of cover concrete of reinforcing bars and welded wire fabricshall conform to show on the structural drawings in the Design Documents Whenusing bars larger than D29 as the main reinforcement of columns or beams, theminimum thickness of cover concrete for main reinforcement specifications shall becalculated by multiplying the diameter by at least 1.5

The thickness of cover concrete used for the processing of reinforcing bars for column andbeam specifications shall be the sum of the minimum thickness of cover concrete plus10mm as standards

For steel frame reinforced concrete structures, the gap between the main reinforcementand steel frame parallel to each other shall conform above

Reinforcing bars for all concrete structures shall be arranged in strict accordance withthe requirement shown on the structural drawings in the Design Documents, unlessotherwise directed by Site Engineers

Reinforcement of through holes in beams shall conform to the following, unlessotherwise shown on the structural drawings in the Design Documents

- Diameter of the holes shall be less than one-third of beam depth If the hole isnot round in shape its diameter of circumscribed circle shall conform to theabove

- Limit of the center of the hole shall be separated at least 1.2D (where D isbeam depth) from the face of a column or an orthogonal beam (small beam)

CHAPTER 5 FORMWORKS

Sheathing boards and timbering shall be used These shall be able to withstand externalforces such as working load, deadweight of concrete, lateral pressure, vibration andhorizontal load, and have a form which does not bring about dangerous levels ofdistortion or strain

Metal or wooden member shall be used in timbering

The following items shall be satisfied: For exposed concrete finishes, the finish on theconcrete surface shall conform to the concrete finish surface specification

When using a steel deck instead of sheathing boards the plate for floor concrete formsshall be provided at a stable floor surface

Form tightening parts shall be bolt type, although annealed wire may be used for catchbasins

Release agent (such as form oil), if applied, shall be obtained approval form theEngineer before application

Old members may be used in some cases as concrete forms: When using old sheathingboards, tightening holes or the like shall be repaired as required and surfacescompletely cleaned

Working drawings for concrete works shall be submitted to the Engineer for approval.The required setting-out shall be performed prior to assembly, and the most importantsetting shall be inspected by the Engineer.

Sheathing boards shall be assembled in accordance with the location, shape anddimensions of concrete to be molded

All sleeves, boxes, metal parts to be embedded and other objects inside forms shall befirmly attached before pouring concrete Sleeves shall conform to "through holes andother"

Supports shall be fixed vertically and directly above other supports in the lower story

Cones shall be used for form - tightening parts in the following locations :

- Face directly touching earth (except footings, foundation beams withoutbasement, etc.)

- Backing for waterproof

- Exposed finish concrete surface

- Surface to be directly finished with thin finish material such as paint coat,wall paper, etc

- Surface on which an insulating material is to be attached

Concrete forms shall be inspected by the Engineer prior to concrete casting

Fabrication of Steel Form

- In order to achieve high quality of concrete work, steel form will be used forthe project Our amount of steel form is enough to meet requirement of theproject In case of lack of form, additional form will be fabricated Thefabrication process includes material, tools and machine's preparation Specialform will be made especially according to structure design All of additionalform is to meet the general requirements, stiff and hard enough

5.3.1 Marking

Marking is the first step of setting form process A grid line system must be established

in advance so that marking work can base on Center- lines of structure will be madebase on the established grid line's system

Form after being set must be vertical Top level of potential concrete must be marked

on form surface

Column and Wall

Before setting, form must be cleaned carefully at its bottom

During process of erection form for wall and column, verticality must be checked with

a plumb bob

After everything is set, start fixing with form ties and diagonal support and bracing.Form after being set must be vertical Top level of potential concrete must be marked

on surface of form

5.3.3 Time of Keeping Form in Its Place

Form can only be stripped when it meets the requirements about concrete strength asstandard

Before removal of form, engineer must confirm the strength of concrete whether it isenough or not

During process of removing, people must be kept away the area

All of material after being taken out must be well arranged and cleaned up by the formoil to the next using

Removal of forms:

- Forms shall not be removed until the minimum standing time was elapsed

- Minimum standing time shall be determined in terms of the age orcompression strength of concrete Data and calculation sheets used inverifying safety and concrete test results in section 5 shall be submitted to theEngineer for approval If the onset of strength is considered to have beendelayed due to cold weather, the above shall be determined by compressionstrength instead

- Supports of a cantilever beam, canopy with a large span, large-size floor slab

or an extremely large working load shall be kept for longer periods asrequired

- Supports shall not be re-shored Sheathing boards below floor slabs andbeams shall be removed after taking out supports

When there is no finish on a visible face after forms are removed, the heads of tightening parts shall be removed and a rustproof paint shall be applied

form-Mortar filling shall be generally performed below the face For a thin finish such aspaint coat, the mortar bed shall be flush with concrete surface

CHAPTER 6 CONCRETE WORK

6.1.1 Scope

This Chapter shall apply to the following concrete construction work:

- Concrete types shall be normal weight concrete and lightweight concrete.However, this shall not apply to the section of light weight concrete in directcontact with the ground

- Concrete casting plan for sub-structure, super-structure

- Concrete should be ready-mixed concrete and mixed at site concrete

- Placement of concrete shall be performed using concrete pumps, bucketchutes etc

6.1.2 Standard Design Strength

The standard design strength (F0) of concrete, indicated by the compressive strength atthe age of 28 days, shall be shown on the structural drawings in the DesignDocuments

6.1.3 Classification of Ready Mixed Concrete

Kinds of ready mixed concrete shall conform to specify by the structural drawings inthe Design Documents

SEQUENCE OF CONSTRUCTION OF BUILDING FLOOR SLAB

Admixtures shall be of good quality suitable for reinforcing bars

6.4.1 General Conditions for Mix Proportion

The mix proportion of concrete shall provide the required strength, workability,uniformity and endurance

Design slump shall be the required slump plus the change anticipated after hardening

Water/cement ratio shall be less than 650/wt for the design mix proportion

Admixture can be used for concrete The admixture shall conform to the followingaccording to cement content, unless otherwise shown on the structural drawings anddirected by the Engineer

6.4.2 Approval for Design Mix Proportion

Prior to starting construction the Contractor shall be required to verify that design mixproportions at the concrete producing plant will produce the required strength,workability, uniformity endurance and other performance factors designated in this Section,

based on the design mix proportion prepared in accordance with Item (2) or (3), andalso to obtain approval from the Engineer of the design mix proportion sheets.

(1) Design mix proportion sheets of the concrete production plant shall showmaterials used for production, basic data used in mix design and calculationsheets

(2) Design mix by production plant shall be similar to the mix of the similar mixadjusted to compensate for the use of different materials

(3) In the case of other than item (2), trial mixing shall be carried out to verifyquality

(4) Trial mixing shall be performed in the presence of the Engineer until designslump, design air content, and mix strength (including strength tests at theages of 7 day and 28) are obtained

Where unavoidable, mix strength may be estimated from the strength at the age of 28days based on the strength at the age of 7 days, using suitable data after obtainingapproval from the Engineer

6.5.1 General

Prior to the work, the following items shall be submitted in writing to the Engineer forapproval :

- Method of concrete placement

- Forced feed capacity of concrete pump, layout and supporting method forconveying pipe, procedures in the event of interruption of conveyance

- Procedures for concrete in the event that major anomaly arises followingforced feeding

- Where transport is not to be performed by concrete pump, a description ofequipment, performance etc

- Distribution of workers, auxiliary facilities or tools

Machinery and tools shall be adjusted periodically prior to starting work as well asduring work

6.5.2 Production

Instructions to the manufacturing plant are indispensable for obtaining concrete withthe quality stipulated in Section above

6.5.3 Process up until conveyance by Pressure Feeder or similar Machinery

Transport of concrete shall conform to the following :

- Preparation for placing concrete shall be carried out to enable concrete to bepoured within one hour and a half after the start of mixing Transport timeshall be adjusted to pouring time, and time for waiting carriers shall not beprolonged Forced feeding shall not be interrupted

- No water shall be added when sending concrete by conveying or forced feed

- Immediately before unloading concrete, rotate the truck agitator at high speed

to agitate the concrete and make it uniform

- Always carefully check the quality of concrete to be unloaded.

6.5.4 Forced Feeding and Transport on Site

Forced feeding of concrete

Conveying pipes shall be held using walking boards on supporting bases, supportingbases, trestles, suspending hardware, etc No hazardous vibration of conveying pipeshall be transmitted to concrete forms or reinforcing bars

The size of the conveying pipe shall be determined in consideration of the following.(Minimum nominal diameter of conveying pipe for the maximum size of coarseaggregates)

- Distance and height of forced feed, affect on concrete of forced feed,difficulty of using forced feed, air temperature

- Volume of forced feed per unit time and maximum size of coarse aggregates.The length of the flexible hose shall be less than 6m as a rule when the nominal size ofthe conveying pipe is less than 100mm For pipes over 100mm the hose shall be lessthan 5m except for pump vehicles with booms

The maximum horizontal transportable distance of the forced feed machine shall bemore than the horizontal equivalent of the total piping distance plus a certainallowance

Prior to force feeding concrete, rich mortar shall be input in order to prevent change inconcrete quality Prior to force feeding mortar the inner surface of the equipmentshould be wet

The following sections of forced feed concrete shall be discarded Good sections offorced feed mortar prior to the forced feed of concrete can be poured in concrete forms

if scattered so that only a small quantity is present at any one place

- Concrete changes significantly during forced feed

- Altered portion of mortar stated in (5) first ejected

When using a sloped chute the following requirements shall be met:

(1) Section is U-shaped and made from steel or iron sheet

(2) Slope is 4/10 to 7/10

(3) Funnel longer than 600mm used at chute outlet

When discharging concrete from high places longitudinal flexible chutes shall be used.6.5.5 Placement

Prior to concrete placement, clean the area when concrete will be placed, removemiscellaneous objects, and spray water to moisten the sheathing boards andconstruction joints

If a rainfall that may affect the quality of concrete is predicted curing shall be

performed When curing is not possible concrete shall not be poured.

Placement shall be carried out mainly by (1) as stated below for ordinary story heights

or, depending on the situation, (2) after obtaining approval from the Engineer

(1) Each story is divided into the portion below the beam and the portion belowthe top of the floor slab Placement shall be varied so that each portion ishorizontal

(2) When there is a portion from which a wall beam rises up the concrete shall beplaced in succession in accordance with the setting conditions of floor slabconcrete

(3) Concrete forms are to be strengthened to prevent deformation, and concrete is

to be placed on the floor slab one at a time, from the end to the whole

(4) Use (1) for wall and beam concrete placement

Parapet or eaves shall be poured as one body with the structure supporting it as a rule

Do not pour concrete directly from the flexible hose to the column

When interruption to concrete placement is necessary, predetermine the pouringsection and limit the interrupting time to one hour as a general rule

Compaction of concrete shall be performed to all parts of the concrete form

Normal allocation shall be at least two bar-type vibrators per concrete conveyingpipeline system, and two or more vibrator-operating workers plus more than sevenworkers for tapping compaction

Floor slabs shall be compacted by tapping the surface with tamper after rough levelingbut before concrete setting to prevent cracking due to settlement, and shall be made tolevel surface

6.5.6 Joints of Successive Pours

Joints of successive pours (construction joints) shall be horizontal or vertical andlocated near the center of the span for beams and floor slabs, or on top of the floorslab, wall beam or foundation for walls and girders

Partition plates shall be used for the joints of successive pours such that mortar,cement paste will not leak out Where the horizontal construction joint is on the outersurface, it shall be made straight using driving rulers (baby squares)

Latinate and weak concrete shall be removed from the surface of construction joint toexpose sound concrete

6.6 TESTING

6.6.1 General

This Section applies to the testing of concrete and concrete materials Some of the testsmay be omitted if the concrete is light, or for smaller sections, if approved by theEngineer

Areas used for testing of materials shall comply with the following as far as possible:

- For cement and aggregates, the location of concrete production

- For normal weight concrete, location where unloading takes place on site

- For lightweight aggregate concrete, immediately before placement at thelocation where placement of concrete forms takes place on site

6.6.2 Material Tests

Material tests shall be conducted in accordance test reports shall be submitted to theEngineer for approval In case of the following result, the Contractor shall consult withthe Engineer for solution:

- Crushed sand and crushed stone designated as type B is found to be harmful

un Immutable weight control is specified as the measure for restricting kind Band alkali aggregate for crushed sand and crushed stone, and the total alkali inconcrete exceeds 3.0kg/m3 without being judged un-harmful

6.6.3 General Rules for Strength Tests for Concrete

Number of test pieces and collection of test samples

i The number of test pieces shall be three for each type of test: age days, age28days, assessing time to remove forms, etc

ii Test samples shall be collected three times separately from dollies at suitableintervals for the purpose of preparing the test pieces required in (i)

iii Of the test pieces in (ii), three are taken out one at a time and seed for one age

in one test

iv Slump and air content to be tested each time samples are collected according

to (ii) aboveTest pieces shall be prepared in accordance with Method for preparing specimens forconcrete strength and cured according to the purpose of each test Removal of formsshall be performed two days after producing specimens

Curing method and temperature for test pieces shall be as follows : For curingconforming to Method of producing specimens for concrete strength test the curingtemperature shall be 20 ±3oC (20 ±2oC for winter concreting) itself for water, moistsand or saturated moisture The curing temperature shall be the mean of all maximumand minimum temperature values of water in curing water tank, moist sand orsaturated moisture as measured during the curing period Avoid direct sunlight oncuring water tank or the like

Compression strength test shall conform to Test method for concrete compressionstrength

6.7 TROWEL FINISH FOR FLOOR CONCRETE

6.7.1 General

This Section applies to metal trowel finishing of poured concrete floors, providingbase for carpet and other finish materials as shown on the Drawings in the DesignDocuments, as well as base for waterproofing work

6.7.2 Types

Types of floor concrete shall conform to Table below and Type A shall be applied,unless otherwise shown on Drawings in the Design Documents However, Type B shall

be used for the backing of ordinary roof waterproof layers

Wooden trowels Metal trowels

- Determine origin of reference height for each story

- Determine reference height for finishing work before pouring concrete

Leveling with ruler :

- Maintain accurate height reference to either level or required gradient

- After pouring concrete, level roughly with a scoop or shovel and tampconcrete with tamper until coarse aggregates sink below the surface Level thesurface with a long straight board while accurately maintaining height inalignment with reference height using level or leveling string

Elimination of irregularities in the middle After using the straight board level thesurface flat with wooden trowel

Trowel finish:

- Rubbing with wooden trowel: After eliminating irregularities rub the surfacewith wooden trowel, gauging the timing correctly with surface hardening

- Metal trowel finish:

o After rubbing with wooden trowel, finish the surface smooth withmetal trowel This finish work shall be performed before concrete hashardened too much so that the trowel is still possible

o Do not spray water, cement or the like on the surface during finishing

o In the case of trowel finishes use walking boards or stepping boards to

avoid stepping directly on concrete surface

o Take extra care at construction joints to avoid contaminating the finishsurface

o Finish smoothly with grinder after concrete sets in places wheresignificant irregularities caused by trowel finishing are discovered.6.7.4 Curing

After surface finishing, perform the curing specified in Paragraph above Gauge timing

in accordance with degree of setting of concrete Also in the case of Type A, providecuring and surface protection by covering with vinyl sheets or the like

When installing concrete forms for upper stories or transporting reinforcing bars, takespecial care not to damage the finished surfaces

CHAPTER 7 STRUCTURAL STEEL WORK

7.1.1 Scope of Work

The Contractor shall submit the following items to the Engineer for approval of thesteel fabrication factory which the Contractor intends to employ for assembly of thestructural steel

- Capacity and scale

- Past record

- Organization

- Mechanical facilities

7.1.2 Quality Control Standards

Quality control and inspection standards for construction in the steel factory and site shall be approved by Engineer in advance

on-Products to be used shall be tested and passed by in-house inspections in the steelfabricating factory, and inspection records submitted to the Engineer However forminor work, the submission of inspection reports may be omitted if approved by theEngineer

7.1.3 Construction Management Engineer

The construction management engineer shall be a steel fabrication managementengineer

The steel fabrication management engineer shall have knowledge and skills in the field

of steel fabrication management

The steel fabrication management engineer shall be involved in steel fabricationrelevant to the construction work, and shall strive to improve quality

7.2.1 Steel

Steel shall conform to the Technical Specification

7.2.2 High Strength Bolts

High strength bolts shall be "high strength bolts" or "torque shear type high strengthbolts"

High strength bolts:

- Sets of bolts, nuts and plain washers shall be standard products (sets of highstrength hexagon bolts, hexagon nuts and plain washers for friction gripjoints)

- Sets shall be Type 2 (F10T), and types based on torque coefficient valuesshall be suitable for construction work

Testing method shall correspond to the materials specified

For steel plates subjected to tensile force in plate thickness direction, the test (Gradeclassification and decision criteria for architectural steel plates using ultrasonic flawdetector) shall be conducted during production

For torque shear- type high strength bolts, the production control method and theresults of quality control tests for the products shall be submitted to the Engineer forapproval For minor work this may be omitted if approved by the Engineer

For principal welding materials other than standard products, data and documentationverifying quality level sufficient for welding shall be submitted to Engineer forapproval For minor and/or low-volume work this may be omitted if approved by theEngineer

- Standard drawing for welding work

Prepare full scale drawings (including templates and rulers) and for inspection andapproval by Engineer If automatic processing equipment (full-scale, marking-off,cutting and drilling) is used then this may be omitted if approved by Engineer

7.3.2 Verification of Standard measuring Tape

Standard measuring tape shall be Class 1 of Steel measuring tape The standard

Measuring tape for steel fabrication shall be compared with the standard measuring