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AAA = American automotive

association: Hiệp hội ôtô Hoa Kỳ

A-arm n US = wishbone: Cánh tay

đòn hình chữ A

abrasion n removal of surface

material from any solid, through

friction action: Sự mài bề mặt

vật cứng nhờ ma sát

 abrasive n substance used for

the removal of matter: Vật liệu

mài

 abrasive cleaner = cleaner

which removes a certain amount

of the surface: Máy mài

 abrasive disc = rotating disc of

sanding or grinding tool: Đĩa đá

mài

 abrasive paper =paper with a

rough surface for the removal of

matter: Giấy nhám

ABS = anti-lock braking system: Hệ

thống phanh chống hãm cứng

 ABS override button = button

which cuts out the anti-lock

braking system, for drivers who

want to take threshold braking into

their own hands: Nút ngắt hệ

thống ABS

 ABS relay valve = electrically

operated valve controlling the air

pressure in an ABS system: Van

rơle ABS

abut v to make contact, especially of

gear teeth: tiếp xúc

 abutment n (a) part which another part comes up against so that its motion is stopped; a more

formal word for ‘stop’: Điểm dừng

(b) making of contact, especially

by gear teeth: Vết tiếp xúc

 abutting edge n edge of a panel

where it joins another: Góc nối

 AC = alternating current: Dòng

điện xoay chiều A/C = air-conditioning: Điều hòa không khí

ACC = accelerate (used mostly on cruise control): Tăng tốc (nút bấm tăng tốc trong hệ thống ga tự động)

 accelerate v to go faster or

make faster: Tăng tốc

 accelerated test procedure = test which has been made quicker,

by leaving out or shortening

certain items: Qui trình kiểm tra nhanh (bớt một số công đoạn)

 accelerating agent = accelerator: Chân ga, bàn đạp ga

is needed to provide extra power

and smooth response: Sự làm giàu hỗn hợp hoà khí để tăng tốc

 accelerator n (a) chemical agent which makes a reaction

2

happen more quickly, for instance

in plastics production an additive

which promotes the hardening

process of resins: Tác nhân làm

tăng nhanh phản ứng hóa học

(b) pedal which controls the

opening of the throttle: Bàn đạp

ga

 depress the accelerator or

step on the accelerator = cause

the throttle to open to make the

vehicle go faster: Nhấn ga, đạp

ga

 ease up on the accelerator =

reduce the throttle opening to go

less fast: Giảm ga

 take one’s foot off the

accelerator = close the throttle in

order to slow down: Buông chân

ga

(NOTE: also called accelerator

pedal or throttle pedal)

 accelerator pump = carburetor

device that improves acceleration

by injecting an additional amount

of fuel when the accelerator pedal

is depressed: Bơm tăng tốc

 acceptance test n test of a

part or assembly for acceptable

quality: Kiểm tra chất lượng chi

tiết

 access n means of reaching

something: Sự tiến đến, cách đạt

được, tiếp cận

 access hole = hole through

which something can be reach,

also a hole through which sealant

is injected into cavities: Lỗ thông

accessories n additional items of

equipment which can be fitted to a

vehicle or used with a basic tool: Phụ kiện, phụ tùng

accident damage n damage to the

body-work of a vehicle resulting

from an accident: Sự hư hỏng

thân xe do tai nạn

accumulator n (a) storage battery,

especially for an electrically

driven vehicle: Bình ắc quy (b) pressure reservoir for a

suspension system with automatic

leveling: bộ tích áp cho hệ thống treo tự động

(c) part of a hydraulic system

which is charged by the fluid pump, absorbs fluctuating fluid delivery, stores fluid at pressure, and can provide a rapid flow of

fluid sure pressure: Bộ tích áp thuỷ lực

accumulator battery n = storage

battery: Bình ắc quy

 accumulator-drier n device

on the low side of an conditioning system, usually at the evaporator outlet on the bulk-head which store excess refrigerant; it consists of a tank, a filter, a drying

air-agent and a vapour return tube: Bình chứa và lọc gas (lạnh)

 accumulator system n system in

an automatic transmission comprising a hydraulic accumulator controlled by a valve, and a running

time throttle: Hệ thống tích áp (hộp số tự động)

 accumulator valve n valve

controlling hydraulic accumulator: Van tích áp

AC generator n = ALTERNATOR:

Máy phát xoay chiều

PGS TS ĐỖ VĂN DŨNG

3

acid rain n rain containing pollutants

from industrial waste and vehicle

exhaust gases dissolved in the

atmosphere: Mưa axit

Ackermann steering n from of

double-pivot steering in which the

front wheels turn on kingpins

andare connected by inclined

steering arms and a track rod, so

arranged angle than the outer: Hệ

thống lái kiểu Ackermann

 Ackermann angle = toe-out or

toe-in with the wheels in the

straight-ahead position: Góc đặt

bánh xe kiểu Ackermann

 Ackermann axle = fixed-

position, steerable front axle

within two pivot points, one on

each end of the axle, with vertical

kingpin: Trục Ackermann

across corners = A/C: Ngã tư

across flats = A/F: Mặt cắt

ngang

acrylate n polymer, such as ethyl

acrylate, used in rubber

toughening: Chất keo dán cao su

acrylic (paint) n paint with pigments

mixed in a solution based on

acrylic resin: Sơn acrylic

 acrylic finish = finish using

acrylic paints, often a two-pack

finish: Sơn bóng bằng sơn acrylic

 acrylic resin = any

thermoplastic synthetic polymer

made by the polymerization of

acrylic derivatives such as acrylic

acid, ethyl acrylate and

methacrylate, used for adhesives,

protective coatings, and finishes:

Nhựa acrylic (dùng cho sơn lót

và sơn bóng)

ACT = air charge temperature: Nhiệt độ khí nạp

activated carbon n highly porous

carbon, usually in pellet from,

granular, or powdered,

characterized by fine pores resulting in a very large surface

area per unit volume, hence able

to absorb gases, fluids, etc.: Than hoạt tính

 activated carbon canister = filter which absorbs fuel vapours from the tank and fuel system

when the engine is not running,

and when the engine running is regenerated by purging the

charcoal bed with hot air, using

engine vacuum to draw the released vapours into the intake

air stream: Bình hút hơi xăng bằng than hoạt tính

activated charcoal n = activated

carbon: Than hoạt tính

 activated charcoal trap =

activated carbon canister: Bầu lọc than hoạt tính

 activator n material or mixture added to an accelerated curing system to enhance the effect of the vulcanization accelerator in

tyre production: Phụ gia đẩy nhanh quá trình lưu hoá (sản xuất vỏ xe)

 activated braking time n time required to come to a standstill after the brakes have been

applied, i.e not including the driver’s reaction time: Thời gian kích hoạt phanh

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 active noise control (system)

n = anti-noise system: Hệ thống

chống tiếng ồn

 active safety n active

measures taken to prevent

accidents, such as more powerful

brakes and safer handling

characteristics: An toàn chủ động

 active suspension n

suspension system which uses

microprocessors to control

electronically adjustable shock

absorbers which adapt

automatically to the road surface

and load: Hệ thống treo chủ

động

actuate v to bring a part into

operation: Khởi động, làm cho

hoạt động, vận hành

 an actuating lever or switch =

a lever or switch brings a part into

operation: Công tắc (cần) khởi

động

 actuator n controlling or

operating device, e.g a vacuum

mechanism for opening flaps in air

conditioning systems: Cơ cấu

chấp hành

 actuator arm = arm connecting

the diaphragm to the contact

breaker platform in a vacuum

advance mechanism: Cần dẫn

động (đánh lửa sớm áp thấp)

adapter or adaptor n device for

connecting two parts of different

sizes, especially an accessory for

joining a socket and a drive

handle with different sizes drives:

Ống nối, cây nối

 adapter plate = plate which

allows the mounting of a different

part from the original: Đĩa tiếp hợp, đĩa nối

additive n substance added to fuel or

engine oil to enhance its performance and to improve its properties, such as upper cylinder

lubricant: Chất phụ gia

adhere v to remain attached or stick

(to something): Bám chặt, dính

 adhesion n ability to remain attached (to something), especially the ability of a tyre to

grip the road surface: Sự bám, độ bám

 adhesive n substance used to join together two or more solids so

that they from a single piece, such

as resins, formaldehyde, glue, cement, etc.: Chất kết dính, keo

 adhesive bonding = joining together of two or more solids by the use of glue, cement, or other

 adhesive weight = a small lead

weight used to balance a wheel: Trọng lượng chì bấm vào bánh

xe để cân bằng

adiabatic a niether losing nor gaining

heat, therefore thermally

efficient: Đoạn nhiệt (không mất cũng không lấy nhiệt)

 adiabatic engine = engine which makes the best use of combustion heat by reducing heat

loss due to coolant: Động cơ đoạn nhiệt

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adjust v to put (something) into the

correct position: Điều chỉnh, hiệu

chỉnh

 adjust the ignition timing =

cause the spark to occur at the

correct moment: Điều chỉnh thời

điểm đánh lửa

 adjustable a that can be

changed or made different: Có

thể điều chỉnh

 adjustable shock absorber =

shock absorber which can be

made harder or softer: Bộ giảm

chấn có thể điều chỉnh được

 adjustable spanner = open–

end spanner with a single

smoothjaw that can be adjusted to

fit nuts and bolts of different

sizes: Mỏ lếch

 adjuster n device for moving

something into a different or the

correct position: Thiết bị điều

chỉnh (vị trí)

 seat adjuster = mechanism for

moving a seat backwards and

forwards: Cơ cấu điều chỉnh ghế

ngồi

 adjuster cam = cam in a drum

brake which acts on the shoes to

take up the adjustment, i.e bring

the shoes closer to the drum: Cam

chỉnh (phanh trống)

 adjusting gauge n tool such as

a feeler gauge used to check

distances and clearances between

parts for adjustment purposes:

Thiết bị đo khe hở (lá cỡ)

 adjusting screw = screw for

altering e.g the idling speed of

the engine or for brake

adjustment: Vít điều chỉnh cầm chừng

 adjusting shim = shim for reducing clearances especially in

adjusting valve tappets: Shim (miếng chêm) điều chỉnh khe hở (súpáp)

 adjusting sleeve = sleeve on the end of the tie rod which shortens or lengthens it to increase

or reduce toe-out: Thanh điều chỉnh góc chụm bánh xe

 adjustment n (a) altering or correcting the position of something or the position or valve

achieved: Sự điều chỉnh (b) possibility of altering or

correcting the position of

something; clearance or play:

Khả năng thay đổi hoặc hiệu chỉnh vị trí của một vật

 there is no adjustment left = the adjusting screw or nut is at the

end of its travel: Chỉnh hết cỡ

 to take up the adjustment = to

obtain the correct position, usually

by reducing a clearance: Hiệu chỉnh đúng (khe hở)

a-drier n paint drier with heating

elements below the stoving line:

Giàn sấy sơn

adsorption n bonding of a solid with

a gas or vapour which touches its

surface: Sự hút bám (NOTE: opposite is desorption)

 adsorption canister n = ACTIVATED CARBON

CANISTER: Bầu hút hơi xăng

advance 1 v to cause (something) to

occur earlier: Trước, sớm

6

 to advance the spark or

ignition or timing = to cause the

spark and therefore combustion to

occur earlier: Đánh lửa sớm

2 n extent to which the ignition

spark is made to occur earlier:

Góc đánh lửa sớm

 the ignition needs more

advance = the spark is occurring

too late: Cần đánh lửa sớm hơn

(NOTE: opposite is retard)

 advance capsule n = vacuum

advance (unit): Bộ đánh lửa sớm

chân không

 advance curve n curve

showing how the amount of

ignition advance increase with the

speed of the engine and/or the

vacuum in the inlet manifold:

Đường đặc tính góc đánh lửa

sớm theo tốc độ và tải

 advanced a (of ignition)

occurring (too) early: Đánh lửa

quá sớm

 the ignition is (over-)

advanced = the spark is occurring

(too) early: Đánh lửa quá sớm

(NOTE: opposite is retard)

 advance weight n either of

the two weights in a centrifugal

advance mechanism: Quả văng

của cơ cấu đánh lửa sớm ly tâm

aeration n foaming due to the

introduction of air into hydraulic

fluid or the oil of a shock

absorber: Sự tạo bọt (giảm xóc)

aerial n long metal tube for

receiving radio signals: Ănten

(NOTE: US English is antenna)

aerodynamic a 1 relating to the

flow of air round a moving body: Khí động lực học (thân xe)

2 (of a car, bodywork, etc ) streamlined, offering low wind resistance: Hình dáng khí động lực

 aerodynamics n (a) branch

of dynamics dealing with the motion of air and with the forces acting on bodies moving through

the air: Khí động lực học (b) aerodynamic properties: Đặc điểm khí động lực học

 The poor aerodynamic of

early cars resulted in wastage of power = early cars had too much

wind resistance which wasted

power: Những chiếc xe hơi có hình dáng khí động học kém làm lãng phí công suất

(NOTE: sense (a) is singular,

sense (b) is plural)

aerofoil n wing-like structure, used

on racing cars to achieve negative

lift or down-force: Cánh giảm lực nâng xe đua

A/F = air/fuel: Tỉ số giữa không khí và nhiên liệu, tỉ lệ hoà khí

A/F (dimension) n width across the

flats (of a hexagon, square drive, etc.): mặt cắt ngang

7

A-frame n A-shape chassis frame,

typically of a trailer or caravan:

Khung xe hình chữ A

afterburning n completion of the

combustion of incompletely burnt

mixture in the exhaust system: Sự

cháy tiếp (ở pô)

 CO and HC levels can be reduced

by afterburning = emissions of

carbon monoxide and

hydrocarbons can be reduced by

burning incompletely burnt

mixture: Mức CO và HC có thể

giảm nhờ cháy tiếp

 aftercooler n heat exchanger

in a diesel engine which cools the

intake of air before it enters the

cylinders: Bộ giải nhiệt khí nạp

after-start enrichment n

enrichment of the air/fuel mixture

on starting the engine, especially

in electronic fuel injection

systems, regulated by the

electronic control unit ; it is

reduced either at a fixed rate or

asengine temperature increases:

Sự làm đậm hỗn hợp sau khi

khởi động

aged catalyst n catalyst which has

been used: Xúc tác đã qua sử

dụng

(NOTE: opposite is fresh

catalyst)

 age-hardening n hardening of

aluminium or metal alloys as a

result of ageing: Sự cứng do lão

hoá

 ageing n change of

characteristics in some metal after

heat treatment or cold working:

Sự thay đổi tính chất sau khi xử

lí nhiệt

aggressive agent or medium n

corrosive material which attacks

metals: Tác nhân (môi trường) ăn mòn kim loại

agitation cup n type of paint pot for

spray guns fitted with an integral

agitator: Cốc trộn (sơn)

 agitator n device for mixing

paint by shaking: Bình trộn sơn bằng cách lắc

A.h = AMPERE-HOUR

AH rim n rim design able to run

with a flat tyre and with increased

safety in case of sudden air loss: Niềng xe kiểu AH (có thể chạy khi xì vỏ)

aimer n tool for aiming headlights:

Dụng cụ cân chỉnh đèn đầu

aiming n adjusting the direction of

headlight beams: Sự cân đèn đầu

air n mixture of gases forming the

atmosphere: Không khí

 put some air in the tyres =

inflate the tyres: Bơm bánh xe

 Here is too much air in the

mixture = the mixture is too weak: Hỗn hợp quá nghèo

air bag n bag in the fascia region

which inflates on impact and thus saves the occupants of the vehicle from injury caused by being thrown against the interior

structure in a collision: Túi khí, gối hơi

 air bag module or unit = the air

bag plus inflator and cover: Cụm túi khí

8

 air bag restraint system =

system using an air bag to restrain

occupants in a collision: Hệ thống

bảo vệ khi đụng bằng túi khí

(NOTE: this is also called a

passive restraint system)

air bellows n rubber vessel or sleeve

filled with compressed gas or to

act as a compression spring in air

suspensions: Ống giảm chấn khí

 air brake n brake mechanism

in which compressed air acting on

a piston or diaphragm is used to

apply the brakes; mainly found in

commercial vehicles: Phanh hơi

 air charge temperature

(ACT) n temperature of the air

sucked into the carburettor or fuel

injection system: Nhiệt độ không

khí nạp

 air cleaner n = AIR

FILTER: Lọc gió

 air compressor n device for

supplying compressed air, e.g for

paint spraying or in an air brake

system: Máy nén khí

 air-conditioning n system of

filtering air and keeping it at a

desirable temperature and

humidity level: điều hoà không

khí

air-cooled a cooled by a current of

air as opposed to water, etc.: Làm

mát bằng khí

(NOTE: opposite is liquid-cooled)

 air correction jet n jet

admitting air into the emulsion

tube of a carburettor: Giclơ không

 air deflector n US = AIR

SHIELD: Tấm chắn gió

 air duct n any passage conducting air, particularly for

heating and ventilation: Ống dẫn không khí (hệ thống điều hòa)

 air filter n device for filtering dust and dirt out of the air drawn into the carburettor or fuel injection system through the air

intake: Lọc gió

 air filter element = element of absorbent paper or felt inserted into the air filter, which catches dirt and dust in the air drawn into

the engine: Màng lọc gió

 airflow n flow of air past a moving object, especially a

vehicle, or through a duct: Lưu lượng (dòng chảy) không khí

 airflow sensor = sensor in an electronically controlled fuel injection system which has a flat that is deflected by the intake air and thus governs the amount of fuel delivered; it also incorporates

a temperature sensor: Cảm biến lưu lượng không khí

air/fuel (A/F) a relating to the

combination of air and fuel in the

charge for combustion: Tỉ số gió và nhiên liệu (tỉ lệ hoà khí)

 a lean or rich air/ fuel mixture

= a mixture containing little or a

lot of fuel in relation to air: hỗn hợp hòa khí giàu hoặc nghèo

9

 variations in the air/ fuel ratio

= variations in the amount of fuel

in relation to air, more air

resulting in a lean or weak

mixture, less air in a rich mixture:

Sự thay đổi của tỉ lệ hòa khí

air gulp system n system in vehicles

with secondary air injection or

induction, which prevents an

over-rich mixture being supplied to the

inlet manifold during

deceleration, resulting in unburnt

fuel being carried over to the hot

exhaust system where it cause

uncontrolled detonations: Hệ

thống thêm gió khi giảm tốc

air hold fitting n special tool for

work on OHV-engine used to

keep valves closes by mean of air

pressure: Dụng cụ ép sú páp

bằng khí nén

air horn n motor horn in which a

blast of compressed air through a

reed: Kèn (còi) hơi

 air induction or injection

system n secondary air system

without air pump, using aspirator

valves and the pulse air principle

to introduce fresh air into the

exhaust system to promote

afterburning of unburnt

hydrocarbons and

carbonmono-xide: Hệ thống bơm không khí

vào ống thải (pô)

 air injection manifold = duct

inside or a tube outside the

cylinder head feeling secondary

air into the exhaust ports: Đường

ống dẫn không khí vào ống thải

 air intake n opening through

which air enters, especially for the

carburetor or fuel injection

system, for the radiator or for the heating and ventilating system: Đường dẫn không khí

 airless spraying n.spraying process in which the coating material is not atomized by a

stream of air, but is subjected to high pressure, which cause it to

pass through a jet or nozzle allowing it to be atomized and

projected: Phun sơn bằng áp lực

 air-less spray gun = spray gun

used for air–less spraying: Súng sơn nén

air line n (a) pipe hose or duct which

conveys air or vaccum: Ống dẫn khí hoặc chân không

(b) compressed air supply for inflating tyres, driving compressed air tools, etc.: Bơm bánh xe

 air micrometer n precision control for adjusting the air

quantity delivered by a spray gun: Bộ chỉnh gió trong súng phun

 air outlet n opening from

which air exits, especially for ventilation and demiting: Cửa thông gió

 air pressure n pressure

exerted by air, e.g on the diaphragm of a brake servo: Aùp lực không khí (lên màng)

air ratio n air/air ratio, i.e the ratio

of the actual intake air volume to the air volume theoretically needed for complete combustion

of the fuel content of air/ fuel

mixture: Hệ số dư lượng không khí

10

air receiver n = AIR TANK: Bầu

chứa không khí, bình khí nén

 air select valve n valve in a

two stage catalytic converter with

secondary air injection, which is

solenoid-operated and is triggered

by the electronic control module

to direct air to the exhaust valve

ports or to the catalytic converter,

depending on operating

conditions: Van điều khiển bơm

không khí (vào ống thải)

 air sensor n sensor which

monitors the air quantity inside

the car, checks it for the presence

of pollutants, and operates flaps to

cut off the external air to the air

conditioning system if the

pollutant concentration is too high:

Cảm biến không khí trong xe

 air shield n sloping panel on

the roof of a vehicle, especially a

commercial vehicle or trailer,

intended to improve air-flow:

Cánh dẫn hướng gió trên mui

(NOTE: US English is air

defector)

 air shock absorber n shock

absorber incoporating a rubber

boot filled with compressed air

serving as an auxiliary pneumatic

spring ; mainly used for lever

control purposes on the rear axle

of a vehicle, e.g when towing

heavy trailers: Bộ giảm chấn khí

 air silencer n device usually

incorporated in the air filter to cut

out induction hiss: Bộ phận giảm

thanh trong lọc gió

 air spring n = AIR

BELLOWS: Giảm chấn bằng khí

 air suspension n vehicle suspension in which air or gas in compression is the principal or

only spring medium: Hệ thống treo khí

(NOTE: also called pneumatic suspension)

 air tank n container for

compressed air, especially for a compressor: Bầu chứa khí nén

 air volume n quantity of air:

Thể tích không khí

Al = ALUMINIUM: nhôm

alarm (system) n theft protection

system, which typically provides the following function: exterior

and interior protection; locking the boot and bonnet; making the

ignition system inoperative: Hệ thống chống trộm

alarmed a protected by an alarm:

Được (gắn) chống trộm

align v to bring into line or be in line

(with something): Canh thẳng hàng

 aligning punch n tool use to

align holes, e.g for inserting a

screw or bolt or to centre round

components with other parts: Chốt định vị

 alignment n state of being in

line or act of bringing into line: sự canh thẳng hàng

 alignment mark = mark, e.g

on a timing gear or camshaft

pulley, which must be brought into

line with another mark too give

the correct position: Dấu chỉ thị, dấu cân chỉnh

alkaline battery n secondary battery

using an alkaline electrolyte

11

(dilute potassium hydroxide) and

used for driving electric cars: Ắc

quy kiềm

 alkaline degreasing n

removal of any greasy substances

with an alkaline solution: Dung

dịch (kiềm) tẩy

all-alloy engine n engine in

which the cylinder head, block,

crankcase and sump are all of

light alloy: Động cơ hợp kim

 all-aluminium body n body

shell made almost entirely of

aluminium: Khung nhôm

allen key n key (in effect a

spanner) for recessed hexagon

screws and bolts, consisting of a

bar with a right angle bend and six

flats in the end: Chìa khóa lục

giác

 allen screw = type of recessed

hexagon screw: Vít lục giác chìm

alligator clip n US = CROCODILE

CLIP: kẹp cá sấu

all-out braking n using the maximum

braking effort available: Sử dụng

hết khả năng phanh

 the car loses directional

stability under all-out braking =

the car tends to swerve when the

brakes are applied as hard as

possible: Xe bị mất hướng

chuyển động khi đạp phanh hết

cỡ

 alloy n (a) any metallic

substance of various elements:

Hợp kim

(b) any light metal, typically

aluminium: Kim loại màu sáng

 alloy piston = piston made

primarily of aluminium: Piston hợp kim nhôm

alloy wheel or (informal) alloys n

wheels made of light alloy, mainly aluminium but also magnesium,

for sports and other high-speed

cars: Bánh xe hợp kim

all-steel body n body shell made

almost entirely of steel, asopposed

to a body with a wooden frame and panels made of steel or

aluminium: Khung thép

 all-terrain a for use on any

kind of surface: Cho mọi địa hình (xe)

 all-terrain tyre = tyre mainly

for off-road vehicles: Vỏ xe chạy mọi địa hình

 all-terrain vehicle =

OFF-ROAD VEHICLE: Xe địa hình

 all-wheather tyre n tyre suitable for use in rain and on snowy or icy roads as well as in

warm and dry conditions: Vỏ xe chạy mọi thời tiết

 all-wheel drive n & a = four

wheel drive: Bốn bánh chủ động,

xe hai cầu

 all-wheel steering =

four-wheel steering: Hệ thống lái bốn bánh

alternating current (AC) n a

continuous electric current that

periodically reverses direction: Dòng điện xoay chiều

(NOTE: opposite is direct current)

alternator (ALT) n generator which

produces three-phase alternating

12

current inside its stator windings:

Máy phát (xoay chiều)

 alternator charging light = warn-

ing light on the instrument panel

which comes on when the

alternator is not charging: Đèn

báo sạc (nạp)

altimeter n instrument showing

height above sea level: Dụng cụ

đo độ cao (so với mặt nước biển)

alumina n form of aluminium oxide

used as substrate for ceramic

catalysts: alumin (một dạng của

nhôm oxit được sử dụng như

chất xúc tác cho vật liệu gốm)

 alumina beads = tiny beads of

alumina used in some catalytic

converters: Bột nhôm cho bộ xúc

tác

aluminium (AL) or US n silvery

lightweight metallic element

resistant to corrosion: nhôm

 aluminium alloy = metal

containing aluminium mixed with

another metal or metals: Hợp kim

nhôm

 aluminium wheel = alloy

wheel: Bánh xe hợp kim nhôm

 aluminized a coated with

aluminium or aluminium paint:

phủ nhôm

 aluminium n US =

ALUMINIUM: Nhôm

ambient air n air outside and

surrounding the vehicle: Không

khí bên ngoài

 ambient temperature n

outside temperature: Nhiệt độ

môi trường

ambient temperature switch =

switch which delays compressor

action in an air-conditioning system when the outside

temperature is low: Cảm biến nhiệt độ môi trường (ht lạnh)

ambulance n vehicle designed for

carrying sick or injured people:

Xe cấp cứu

ammeter n instrument for measuring

(in amperes) the electrical current

flow in a circuit: Ampe kế amp = AMPERE

amperage (rating) n strength of an

electric current in amperes, used e.g for making fuses: cường độ

dòng điện (qua cầu chì)

 ampere n the basic unit for

measuring electric current, usually abbreviated to amp: Đơn

vị đo cường độ dòng điện viết tắc là amp

 Ampere-hour (A.h.) n unit of the quantity of electricity flowing

in one hour through a conductor

carrying a current of 1 ampere: Điện lượng của một dòng điện 1 ampere chạy qua vật dẫn trong

conditions such as temperature, rate of discharge, and final

voltage, depending on the number

of plates used: Dung lượng của một ắc quy (tính bằng ampere- giờ)

13

amplifier n device used to produce a

larger electrical signal, as to

amplify sound signals in radios,

etc.: Thiết bị khuếch đại

 ignition amplifier = device

used to increase the electrical

signal in an electronic ignition

system: Bộ khuếch đại tín hiệu

đánh lửa (IC đánh lửa)

amplitude modulation (AM) n form

of radio transmission in which

the frequency of the carrier wave

is uncharged, but its amplitude

varies in accordance with the

input signal: Sóng AM trong

radio

analogue cluster n instrument panel

display using dials and numbers:

Bảng đồng hồ, tableau kim

(NOTE: opposite is electronic

cluster)

anchorage n fixing point for a seat

belt, seat or other stress-bearing

item which is not part of the

structure: Sự cố định, sự định vị

anchor bolt n = THROUGH BOLT:

Bu-lông định vị, bu-lông chốt

ancillaries n components placed close

to or fitted on the engine, such as

alternator, power steering pump,

supercharger, fuel pump and

water pump, and driven by the

engine: Các phụ tải gắn trên

động cơ (qua puli trục khuỷu)

aneroid-type thermostat n

thermostat consist of a metallic

bellows partially filled with

acetone, alcohol or similar volatile

liquid: Van hằng nhiệt dùng ống

chứa chất dễ bay hơi

angle grinder n power tool (either

electric or driven by compressed air) with abrasive discs, especially for removing old paintwork and smoothing the surface prior to

spraying: Máy mài góc

 angle-nose pliers n pliers with

jaws having a right-angle bend, for gripping e.g items in a recess, etc.: Kìm mũi vuông

 angle of lock n angle between the line through the centre of a wheel seen from above when taking a corner and the same line

when going straight: Góc lái giới

screwdriver usually having two

blades at either end, both at right angles to the shank: Tuốc nơ vít chữ Z

 angular motion n =

ROTATION: Sự xoay vòng, quay

anneal v to treat (a metal, alloy, or

glass) with heat and then cool it to remove internal stress and to

make the material less brittle: Tôi (thép)

 annealing furnace n oven or furnace with controllable

atmosphere in which metal, an alloy, or glass is annealed: Lò tôi

annular a in the form of a ring: Hình vòng, hình khuyên

14

 annular gap = circular gap:

Khe hở vòng

 annulus (gear) n hollow

gear-wheel in the form of a ring

with either internal teeth, as in

epicyclic or planetary

transmissions, or external teeth:

Vòng răng trong

anode n positive electrode in an

electrolytic cell: Cực dương

 anodic coating or film or oxide

layer n protective, decorative,

or functional coating, formed in an

anodizing process: Màng (lớp)

oxít ở cực dương

 anodize v to deposit a hard,

non-corroding oxide layer on

(aluminium or light alloy): Lớp

oxít hóa anốt

 anodizing n process by which

a hard, non-corroding oxide layer

is deposit on aluminium or light

alloys: Oxít hóa anốt

 anodizing bath or tank = tank

in which the anodising process is

performed: Bồn oxít hóa anốt

ANS = ANTI-NOISE SYSTEM: Hệ

thống chống ồn

ANSI (short for) American National

Standard Institute: Viện tiêu

chuẩn quốc gia Hoa Kỳ

antenna n US aerial: Anten

anti-chip coating n resilient

intermediate coat between the

primer and the top coat, applies to

the protect the body shell from

chip-ping damage cause by gravel

or stones: Lớp sơn lót chống trầy

 anti-chipping primer or filler

= a resilient primer protecting

paintwork from chipping cause

bygravle or stones: Lớp sơn lót chống trầy

tends to lift the body, thus reducing dive under braking: Hệ thống chống chúi đầu xe

 anti-drum compound n sticky

material, usually based on bitument or rubber, applied to the

inside of panels to reduce noise

due to vibration or ‘druming’: Vật liệu chống rung

antifreeze n chemical, such as

ethylene glycol, added to the cooling water of an engine to

lower its freezing point: Chất chống đông

antifriction bearing n any bearing

supporting its load on rolling

surfaces, such as balls, rollers or needles, to minimize friction:

Vòng bi, bạc đạn

anti-knock additive or agent n

petrol additive preventing

15

premature ignition (i.e knocking

or pinking ) of the mixture in the

combustion chamber, e.g

tetraethyl lead or tetramethyl

lead: Chất chống kích nổ

 anti-knock index n measure of

the antiknock properties of the petrol,

particularly in north american, where

it is defined as half the sum of the

research octane number and motor

octane number: Chỉ số chống kích nổ

anti-rattle spring n = SPREADER

SPRING

 anti-roll bar n steel torsion

bar running across the car as part

of the front and, less frequently,

rear suspension layout and used to

reduce body roll during cornering:

Thanh ngang chống lật khi quay

vòng

 anti-rust treatment n

treatment of iron and steel, i.e

using sealant, for the purpose of

corrosion protection: Xử lý chống

rỉ sét

(NOTE: also called rust proofing)

 anti-skid braking system

(AS-BS) n = ANTI-LOCK

BRAKING SYSTEM: Hệ thống

phanh chống trượt

 anti-spin regulation (ASR) n

control or prevention of wheel

spin under power, normally by

means of electronic sensing and in

conjunction with anti-lock

braking: Sự điều khiển chống

trượt

 anti-squat system n rear

suspension arrangement that

converts the downward force

cause by acceleration into a

vertical force that tends to lift the

rear body, thus reducing ‘squat’ under acceleration: Hệ thống nâng đuôi xe khi tăng tốc

 anti-squeal shim n shim places behind the brake piston (or behind the brake pad in disc

brakes) to reduce squeal: Miếng đệm chống ồn khi phanh

 anti-sway bar n US =

ANTI-ROLL BAR: Thanh chống lắc (đảo) xe

 anti-thief (security) system n

either an alarm system, or an

additional locking device (especially for the steering

wheel), or an electric circuit

immobilizing the car by disconnecting the start and/or

ignition: Hệ thống chống trộm

 anti-vibration mounting n flexible (typically rubber) mounting for an

engine, gearbox or other

mechanical item, that reduces the

amount of noise and vibration passed from the item in question

to the chassis: Giá (khung) chống rung

anvil n heavy iron block on which

something is placed for forging: Cái đe

A-pillar or A-post n upright

member in front of the front door, a

major structural part of the body

frame: Trụ đơ õ khung cửa phía cửa trước

application n use to which something

is put : sự đặt vào, sự tra vào

 applicator n tool for putting

something onto a surface, such as

16

spreader for filler: Dụng cụ rắc,

trét

 apply v to put (something) on

(to something): Đặt lên

apron n panel extending downwards,

typically forming a skirt along the

side of the car or an air dam at the

front: Tấm chắn bùn

AQL (short for) acceptable quality

level: Mức chất lượng có thể

chấp nhận

Aquaplaning n loss of contact

between the tyre and a wet road

when it rides up on a layer of

surface water: Sự trượt trên

đường ướt

aqueous solution n water-based

solution: Dung dịch chứa nước

arbor n rotating shaft or spindle in a

machine tool on which, for

example, a grinding wheel or

piece for machining is fitted: Trục

chính, đầu lắp

arc v to jump across a gap,

especially of an electric current

forming a discharge: Hồ quang

điện

arcing n (a) sparking and discharge

at the contact breaker points in the

distributor, a cause of premature

wear of the points: Sự phóng tia

lửa trên vít lửa

(b) faulty spraying technique

where the spray gun is not moved

along the panel surface at a

uniform distance, but is moved

towards the panel when starting

and is moved away again towards

the end of the panel; this results in

an uneven thickness of paint being

applied: Sơn không đều

arc welding n welding process

widely used for do it yourself repairs (as the required equipment

is fairly cheap) in which the welding current is generated by a

transformer, and the circuit is

closed when the electrode held in the welding rod holder touches the metal surface; the electrode burns off as the rod holder is moved

along: Hàn hồ quang điện

armature n coil or coils of wire

around a metal core in which electric current is induced in a

generator, or in which the input

current interacts with a magnetic

field to produce torque in a motor: Phần ứng (máy điện)

 armature brake n mechanical

or electrical component in a starter used to stop armature movement after the starter motor

has been switched off: Cơ cấu hãm trục phần ứng khi ngắt

armour-plated a made bullet-proof,

e.g with extra-thick body panels

and glass: Bọc thép chống đạn

articulated a made in two separate

sections, with a joint or coupling between them; especially of commercial vehicles consisting of

a tractor or towing unit and a trailer, having a swivelling coupling giving better

manoeuvrability: được nối bằng khớp nối

17

 articulated bus = bus in two

sections, usually a single-decker,

with passenger accommodation in

both sections: Xe buýt hai

khoang

asbestos-free a Không có amiăng

ASBS= ANTI-SKID BRAKING

SYSTEM

ASC see ANTI-SPIN REGULATION

ascending stroke n = UP-STROKE:

kỳ đi lên

SLIP-CONTROL DIFERENTIAL: Vi

sai tự động kiểm soát trượt

aspect ratio n ratio between the

height and the width (e.g of a

tyre): Tỉ số giữ chiều cao và

chiều rộng lốp xe

aspiration n sucking in of the air/

fuel mixture or breathing process

of an internal combustion engine:

Sự hút (hỗn hợp hòa khí)

aspirator valve n check valve in air

induction systems: Van hút

ASR = ANTI-SPIN REGULATION

assemble v to put together or build

up (something) from a number of

parts: Lắp ráp

 assembled crankshaft = build

up crankshaft: Trục khuỷu được

ráp từ nhiều đoạn

 assembly n the process or

result of putting together a number

of components: Sự lắp ráp, quá

trình lắp ráp

 assembly line = production line

where a vehicle is progressively

built up from its individual

components: Dây chuyền lắp ráp

asymmetric(al) a not having parts

that correspond, not uniform

(especially in distribution): Không đối xứng

asymmetric power distribution

or split = transmitting more

power to the front or rear wheels

in a four wheel drive: Sự phân phối công suất không đối xứng

 asymmetric beam = a headlight beam which has greater intensity on one side than the

other: Chùm ánh sáng đèn đầu không đối xứng

 asymmetric rim = wheel rim where the well is located outside

the centreline of the wheel: Niềng

Điều khiển nhiệt độ tự động

ATDC (short for ) after top dead

center: Sau điểm chết trên

EQUIPMENT: Thiết bị kiểm tra tự động

TRANSMISSION FLUID: Dầu hộp số tự động

atmospheric corrosion n gradual

destruction or alteration of metals

or alloys by contact with substance

present in the atmosphere, such as oxygen, carbon dioxide, water vapour, and sulphur and chlorine compounds: Sự ăn mòn hóa học trong không khí

 atmospheric pressure n

pressure exerted by the

atmosphere at the earth’s surface:

Aùp suất khí quyển

18

atomize n to produce a fine spray,

e.g of paint: Sự tán nhuyễn, làm

tơi

 atomizer n device for

producing a fine spray e.g on a

spray gun: Cơ cấu làm mịn tia

phun (sơn)

 atomizing pressure n

pressure needed to atomize a

liquid such as a paint: Aùp suất tán

nhuyễn (sơn)

atramentizing n corrosion protection

process in which steel is coated

with phosphate using a zinc

phosphate solution at 900C: Phủ

kẽm lên thép để chống ăn mòn

attachment n a fitting or accessory

to be used in conjunction with a

tool such as a grinding disc for use

with an electric drill: Đồ gá

attack n example of corrosion or

another damaging, especially

chemical, action: Sự tác động

attenuation n reduction, especially

of noise or emissions: Sự cắt

giảm ô nhiễm hoặc tiếng ồn

ATV = ALL-TERRAIN VEHICLE:

Xe địa hình

authorized dealer n firm selling and

servicing a particular make of

vehicle, appointed by the

manufacturer: Đại lý ủy quyền

auto 1 n & a = AUTOMATIC n :

autoclave n sealable high-pressure

container used for polymerisation

and in tyre production: Nồi hấp (trong công nghiệp nhựa và sản xuất lốp xe)

automatic n colloquial short form

for automatic transmission, or a car with automatic transmission: Từ viết tắt để chỉ hộp số tự động hoặc xe có hộp số tự động

 automatic air conditioning

(system) = air-conditioning system which automatically

maintains a preset temperature: Hệ thống điều hòa không khí tự động

 automatic air recirculation

(control) system = heating and

ventilation subsystem which automatically switch to the recirculation mode when the pollutant levels of the air inside the vehicle exceed certain levels (e.g in rush-hour nose-to-tail traffic), but after a certain period

of recirculation (typically after 3 minutes), opens the intake air doors again to let some fresh air

in, even if its quality is still

questionable: Hệ thống tuần hoàn không khí tự động

 automatic choke = device in the carburetor intake which positions the choke valve automatically in accordance with

engine temperature or time: Bướm gió tự động

 automatic closing system = system which automatically

closes doors windows and sunroof: Hệ thống đóng cửa tự động

19

 automatic frequency control

= automatic retuning of stations on

the FM waveband when subject to

drift: Dò đài FM tự động

 automatic gearbox = gearbox

in an automatic transmission

system which changes gear

automatically: Hộp số tự động

 automatic level control or

levelling system = suspension

system that automatically adjust

front and rear ride heights to

compensate for changes in axle

loads ; this can either be achieved

by adding air absorbers to a

conventional suspension system,

or by incorporating the system in a

sophisticated pneumatic or

hydro-pneumatic suspension system: Tự

động điều khiển độ cứng hệ

thống treo

 automatic muting = car radio

circuit which automatically

cancels noise output during

tuning: Mạch trong radio tự

động loại bỏ nhiễu khi dò đài

 automatic seat belt =

INERTIA REEL SEAT BELT

 automatic slip-control

differential (ASD) =

electronically controlled,

automatic locking differential

developed by Mercedes-Benz: Cơ

cấu khóa vi sai tự động

 automatic speed control =

cruise control: Điều khiển ga tự

động

 automatic temperature

control (ATC) = device for

maintaining a constant

temperature in the vehicle

interior: Thiết bị điều khiển nhiệt độ tự động (điều hòa)

 automatic test equipment

(ATE) = usually electronic equipment for testing ignition, wiring, fuel injection systems, etc: Thiết bị kiểm tra tự động

automatic transmission n

transmission which changes the gear ratio without assistance from the driver and without interruptionof power flows, the changes being governed by factors such as engine load and vehicle road speed (although the driver usually has a manual

override): Hộp số tự động

 automatic transmission fluid

(ATF) = special oil used in automatic transmissions: Dầu hộp số tự động

automatic volume control (AVC) n

car ratio circuit which automatically adjusts the volume

to the noise level in the car: Sự điều chỉnh âm lượng tự động

 automic wear adjuster n device that compensates

automatically for wear, e.g in the brakes or clutch: Cơ cấu điều chỉnh tự động độ mòn (phanh, ly hợp)

 automatic wire stripper n wire striper that automatically adjusts to the size of the wire to be stripped and removes the insulation without damaging the

wires inside: Kìm tuốt dây tự động

automobile n dated or formal word

for motor car in British english,

20

but still widely used in american

english: Xe hơi, ôtô

 automobile association =

major motoring organization,

specially the automobile

association (AA) in great British

and the American automobile

association (AAA): Hiệp hội ôtô

 automobile engineering =

automotive engineering: Kỹ

thuật ôtô, công nghệ ô tô

 automobile industry = motor

industry: Công nghiệp ôtô

 automobile manufacture =

motor manufacture: Hãng sản

xuất ôtôâ

 automobile mechanic = motor

mechanic: Thợ sửa chữa ôtô

 automobile polish = car polish:

Sự đánh bóng ôtô

automotive a relating to or occurring

in motor vehicles: thuộc về ôtô,

trong ôtô

 automotive adhesive =

adhesive used in the manufacture

of motor vehicles: Keo sử dụng

trong sản xuất ôtô

 automotive electronics =

applications of modern electronics

to the motor vehicles: Điện tử

ôtô

 automotive electrician =

electrician working on and

designing systems for motor

vehicles: Thợ điện ôtô

 automotive emissions = all

types of release into the

atmosphere from motor vehicles,

including exhaust gas, fuel and

crankcase fumes, and noise: Chất

thải từ động cơ ôtô

 automotive engineering = the design and construction of motor

vehicles: Kỹ thuật (công nghệ) ôtô

 automotive tool = tool for use

in the construction or repair of

motor vehicles: Dụng cụ sửa chữa ôtô (đồ nghề)

AUX = AUXILIARY: Thiết bị phụ, phụ tùng

(NOTE: an abbreviation often

used to label fused)

auxiliary a additional, upplementary:

Thiết bị phụ

 auxiliary brake lights = additional brake lights mounted at eye level in the rear window to reduce the risk of being run into

from behind: Đèn phanh phụ

 auxiliary drive shaft = secondary drive shaft driving for example, the fuel or water pumps

or distributor: Bán trục phụ

 auxiliary driving lamp = lamp suplementing the light from the headlamps, such as a fog lamp or

spot lamp: Đèn lái phụ

 auxiliary gearbox = extra gearbox used in conjunction with the main (manual) gearbox to provide an additional range of

speeds: Hộp số phụ

 auxiliary leaf = helper leaf (in

a leaf spring): Lá nhíp phụ AVC = AUTOMATIC VOLUME

CONTROL

average 1 n mean value or rate: giá

trị trung bình

2 v to achieve a certain mean

value or rate: Đạt giá trị trung bình

21

3 a found by calculating the

mean value or rate: Giá trị trung

bình

 average speed or fuel

consumption = the distance

covered divided by the time taken

or the fuel used: Tốc độ trung

bình (mức tiêu thụ nhiên liệu

trung bình)

aviation fuel n fuel suitable for

aircraft: Nhiên liệu cho máy bay

awl n tool with a sharp point and a

fluted blade for piercing holes:

Cái dùi, cái đột lỗ

awning n roof of canvas or similar

material stretched out from e.g a

caravan for protection from the

sun and rain: Mái che, mui xe

axis n centreline about which a body

can or could rotate, or which

divides a figure into two

symmetrical parts: Trục (quay)

axle n transverse bar, tube, shaft or

beam which carries wheels at

their end: Trục, vi sai (cầu xe)

 axle casing = external,

basically tubular housing

containing the differential and

half-shafts and with bearings at

either end for the hubs: Vỏ vi sai

 axle housing = AXLE

CASING: Vỏ cầu xe (vi sai)

 axle load = AXLE WEIGHT:

Tải trọng cầu xe

 axle stand = tripod which is adjustable for height and used for supporting the vehicle for longer

jobs: Con đội chết 3 chân

 axle tramp = rocking or oscillation of an axle under heavy acceleration or braking due to

inadequate damping: Sự rung động của cầu khi tăng tốc hoặc phanh

 axle tube = that part of the axle

casing enclosing the half-shaft, or

the tube forming a tubular rigid

axle: Vỏ cầu (vi sai) phần bán trục

 axle weight = that part of the weight of a vehicle resting on the

wheels of an axle: Tải trọng cầu

xe

 axle drive n final drive:

Truyền động cuối cùng

 axle shaft n short shaft connecting the differential and the drive shaft on each side in an

independent suspension layout: Bán trục cầu xe

22

Bb

Babbitt metal n alloy of tin, copper,

antimony, and lead still

occasionally used for bearing

surfaces: Hợp kim chống mài

mòn trong bề mặt bạc lót

baby seat n seat for babies weighing

up to about 20 lbs, normally

installed facing backwards on the

front seat and allowing a half

upright seating position: Ghế dành

cho trẻ em

BAC = Blood Alcohol Content: Nồng

độ cồn trong máu

back axle n rear axle, usually on a

four wheel vehicle: Cầu sau

 back axle ratio = FINAL

DRIVE RATIO: Tỉ số truyền

động cuối cùng

backbone chassis n chassis based on

a single central spine carrying or

containing the drive train, the body

shell being mounted on outriggers:

Khung chính

backfire 1 n explosion either at the

wrong time in the cylinder, or of

unburnt or only partly burnt

mixture in the exhaust system,

causing a loud bang: Tiếng nổ ở

ống thải do lửa trễ hoặc hoà khí

chưa cháy hết

2 v to make a loud bang as a result

of unburnt or only partly burnt

mixture exploding in the exhaust

system or in the cylinder: Gây ra

tiếng nổ lớn ở pô

backlash n excessive play in a

mechanical system such as gears

or linkages, due to looseness or

flexing: Khoảng chết, khe hở

backing light n US = REAR

WINDOW: Kính sau

 US backing heater or

defogging system = heated rear window: Hệ thống xông kính sau

 back panel n = REAR PANEL

backplate n fixed heavy-gauge metal

plate attached to the suspension and carrying the brake shoes and brake operating mechanism of a drum brake, or the plate carrying

the brake pad in a disc brake: Mâm phanh

(NOTE: US - English is backing plate)

back pressure n any pressure holding

back the flow of the gases in an

exhaust system: Áp suất ngược của khí thải

backrest n back of a seat: Lưng ghế back up v US = REVERSING: De

xe, lùi xe

back up alarm n US reverse

warning signal: Kèn báo lùi xe

 back-up light n US =

REVERSING LIGHT: Đèn lùi xe

back-voltage n voltage which

opposes the current when the current in an inductive circuit changes and the magnetic fields

cuts the conductors: Điện áp ngược

 self-induction back-voltage = back-voltage produced by self- induction; this induced electromotive force opposes the

23

change in current and enhancing it

if the current is decreasing: Điện

áp ngược tự cảm

badge n typically, the maker’s logo in

coloured enamel on chrome plate

but can also be letters or symbols

indicating a particular type or

model, such as V-12, 16V, fiesta,

etc.: Biểu tượng, mác

baffle (plate) n usually transverse

steel plate reducing the flow or

motion of gases or liquids, e.g in a

silencer, in the sump of an engine

or in a fuel tank: Tấm chắn (giảm

dòng chảy)

bake v to dry or cure (a paint or other

finish) using heat: Nung, sấy

bakelite n proprietary, hard, brittle

plastic used in the early days of

plastic engineering, esp for

electrical parts because of its good

insulating properties: Nhựa cách

điện, nhựa bakêlit

balance 1 n state in which weight is

evenly distributed: Sự cân bằng

2 v to fix weights, e.g to the rim

of a wheel or to a crankshaft in

order to correct weight distribution

and thus reduce vibration: Làm

cân bằng

 balance crankshaft =

crankshaft with extended webs to

form counterbalances or a

vibration damper: Trục khuỷu đã

được cân bằng động (nhờ đối

trọng)

 balanced engine = engine in

which all reciprocating parts such

as pistons and connecting rods are

adjusted to exactly the same

weight: Động cơ đã cân bằng

 balance control n knob or slide control which adjusts the level of the left and right speakers of a

stereo system: Nút cân bằng âm thanh giữa loa trái và phải

 balance disc n balance device

in centrifugal pumps, in the front of

a disc fitted to the pump shaft, which lifts when a force is generated on the underside of the disc, leaking pressure until the

axial forces are balanced: Đĩa cân bằng (bơm ly tâm)

 balance pipe n in a twin carburetor layout, a pipe joining the inlet tracts or choke tubes of the two carburetors to even out

differences in flow: Ống cân bằng (bộ chế hòa khí)

 balance shaft n additional rotating shaft in the crankcase fitted with counterweights, esp in single and twin cylinder engines,

to reduce vibration: Trục cân bằng

 balance weight n small lead weight fitted to the wheel rim to

restore wheel balance: Miếng chì bấm niềng xe

 balancer n wheel balancer:

Thiết bị cân bằng bánh xe

 balancing n adjustment of incorrect and uneven weight

distribution: Điều chỉnh để cân bằng động

 balancing weight = balance weight

bald tyre n tyre on which the tread is

completely worn away: Lốp xe quá mòn

balk ring n =baulk ring: Vòng cản

24

ball n (a) spherical part, e.g in a ball

bearing or a ball socket joint: Bi

(b) = TOWBALL: Khớp nối cầu

 ball and nut steering n =

recirculating ball steering: Hệ

thống lái kiểu bi tuần hoàn

 ball and socket (joint) n = ball

joint: Khớp cầu

ballast ignition system n ignition

system incorporating a ballast

resistor connected in series with

the coil primary winding and

bypassed when the starter is

operated, ensuring improved cold

starting performance and spark

efficiency: Hệ thống đánh lửa có

điện trở phụ

 ballast resistor = resistor in

which the resistance increase as

the current passing through it

increases, use in motor vehicles to

control the output from the coil at

high engine speeds and provide a

better spark for starting: Điện trở

phụ

ball bearing n most common type of

antifriction bearing, comprising

two rings or races between which

hardened steel balls run in tracks,

and able to absorb both axial and

radial loads: Bạc đạn bi, vòng bi,

ổ bi

 ball bearing puller = puller for

removing ball bearings that sit on a

shaft and in a housing: Cảo ổ bi

(bạc đạn)

 ball cage n circular frame

which holds the balls in place in a

ball bearing: Vòng (rế) bi

 ball end hexagon screwdriver

n screwdriver with a ball type

hexagon tip allowing it to be used

at an angle of up to 300 from the

screw head: Tua nơ vít đầu lục giác có vòng bi

 ball joint n mechanical coupling

in which ball on the end of one part moves freely within a recessed spherical socket in the end of another, often used in suspension

and steering linkages: Khớp cầu

 ball joint separator = tool for forcing out ball or tapered joints, either in the from of the simple fork with wedge–shaped jaw which is struck with a hammer to separate the joint,or a tool using direct pressure from a screw–activated lever action to split the

joint: Thiết bị tháo khớp cầu

ball peen hammer n hammer with a

head having one flat and one

rounded end: Búa đầu tròn

 ball socket n recessed spherical socket for receiving the ball in a

ball joint: Hốc cầu

 ball valve n non-return valve comprising a recessed spherical seating into which a ball fits to cover a hole, closing if the flow of

liquid is reversed: Van bi (một chiều)

bal res = BALLAST RESISTOR

band brake n brake consisting of a

steel band with a friction lining passing round a drum, which contracts and grips the drum, when

the brake is applied: Đai phanh (thắng)

bandwidth n range of audio

frequencies an audio component

25

such as a car stereo can handle:

Băng tần (radio)

banger n (informal) old, cheap and

well-worn car, which may however

still be serviceable: Ôtô cũ

 banger racing = racing beat-up

old saloons from which the glass

and trim has been removed on

small tracks, with aggressive

driving and frequent contact

between the car: Cuộc đua ôtô cũ

banjo n (a) type of right-angled union

for a pipe or flexible hose,

comprising a ring–shaped piece on

the end of the pipe through which a

threaded hollow bolt is passed: Đai

siết ống, cổ dê

(b) drum-shaped central part of an

axle casing containing the

differential: Bán cầu vi sai

 banjo axle = rear axle with a

drum-shaped differential casing:

Vỏ cầu vi sai dạng bán cầu

bar n unit of pressure; one bar equals

100 kilopascals or 14.5

pound-force per square inch: Đơn vị đo

áp suất

bar clamp n tool with a fixed head

and a sliding foot for clamping

purposes: Thanh kẹp

barometric pressure sensor or baro

n sensor in an engine management

system providing information on

ambient barometric pressure for

the adjustment of mixture etc.,

which is important for the

maintenance of good engine

performance at different altitudes:

Cảm biến đo áp suất khí quyển

barrel n main tubular section of a

carburetor including the air intake

and choke tube: Họng khuếch tán bộ chế hòa khí

barrier cream n special cream

recommended for use when working on cars to reduce soiling

of the hands and prevent skin infections or allergic reactions when working with substance such

as oils, thinners, paints, etc.: Kem

bảo vệ da

 barrier effect n the effect produced by coatings sheilding especially metal surfaces from

corrosive agents: Tác dụng chống ăn mòn

 barrier paint n primer which isolates a top coat from a surface

or other finish with which it is

incompatible: Sơn lót

base n lowest supporting part of a

usually upright member, or bottom

layer or coating in a paint system: Nền, đế, bệ, căn bản

 base coat n first coat in a paint system, either an undercoat or primer, or a coloured coat to be

cover in a coat of clear lacquer: Lớp sơn lót

 base material n material under

a coating or which is to be coated: Vật liệu nền

 base metal n metal under a

coating or which is to be coated: Kim loại nền

 base metal attack = corrosion

of the metal under a finish: Sự ăn mòn kim loại nền

 baseplate n strong metal plate which forms the base of

something: Tấm đế kim loại

26

basic ignition setting or timing n

position to which the ignition is set,

which is then varied by the

automatic advance system: Thời

điểm đánh lửa cơ bản

 basic price n minimum list

price of a centain car model, to

which must be added any tax or

extras, the charge for delivery,

number plates, etc.: Giá gốc (chưa

thuế và phí)

 basic timing n.=basic ignition

timing: Thời điểm đánh lửa cơ

bản

batch n 1 number of things produced

as a group: Một lượt, một đợt

2 mixture of natural and/ or

synthetic rubbers, and vulcanizing

agents, used in tyre production:

Hỗn hợp cao su và chất lưu hoá

bath n process of immersion or the

container used: Bồn, bể, chậu

battery n on most cars, a lead-acid

storage-battery, usually of 12

volts: Ắc quy, bình điện

 the battery is flat or dead =

there is no current left in the

battery: Aéc quy hết điện

 check the battery and top up if

necessary = check the level of the

battery acid in the battery cells and

add distilled water to restore the

level if needed: Kiểm tra mực

dung dịch và châm nước

battery acid n fluid in the cells of a

car battery, in fact sulphuric acid:

Dung dịch điện phân

 battery capacity n = ampere

hour capacity: Dung lượng ắc quy

 battery case n housing make

charge of the battery: Đèn báo sạc

 battery charger = device which can be plugged into the mains and connected to a store battery to

restore its state of charge: Máy sạc bình

 battery charging station = centre with high capacity battery chargers for recharging batteries,

esp of electric cars: Trạm sạc bình

 battery compartment n separate space provided for the battery, usually under bonnet but sometimes below the rear seat or

in the boot: Ngăn đặt ắc quy

 battery condition n.= battery

charge: Tình trạng ắc quy

 battery connector n plug on battery-powered vehicle to connect

the batteries to a charging station: Dây nối bình

 battery cover n one-piece cover permanently sealed to the battery case and with common batteries provided with one opening for each of the individual cells for filling and topping-up purposes, such openings are

27

usually closed by plugs but are

absent on modern maintenance–

free batteries: Nắp đậy bình điện

 battery discharge controller n

device on vehicle with electric

motor drive, which triggers a

warning indicator and/ or turns off

the power supply when the battery

voltage drop bellow a certain

minimum level: Thiết bị bảo vệ

ắc quy khỏi sự phóng điện

 battery discharge indicator =

instrument on vehicles with

electric motor drive which

indicates battery charge condition

in percent of full charge: Đồng hồ

báo độ phóng điện ắc quy

 battery earth n earth provided

by a braided earth strap or a heavy

–duty cable leading from the

negative terminal (or

exceptionally, in positive earth

systems, from the positive

terminal) to a suitable point on the

body or chassis: Nối mass ắc quy

 battery filler n device with a

suction ball which can suck up

liquid and discharge it into the

battery: Thiết bị châm dung dịch

 battery fluid n = battery acid:

Dung dịch điện phân

 battery ignition (system) n

general term for any

battery-powered ignition system where

battery voltage by an ignition coil

or transistorized ignition unit: Hệ

thống đánh lửa bằng ắc quy

 battery master switch n

switch which disconnects the

battery completely and cuts off

power to all electrical components:

Công tắc ngắt mass ắc quy

 battery post n round terminal

on a battery to which cable is

attached, usually by a clamp: Cọc bình

(NOTE: to avoid confusion, the

positive post is usually of larger diameter than the negative post)

 battery state indicator = BATTERY CHARGE INDICATOR

 battery terminal n terminal on the battery either in the front of a post or a lug with a hole; also used sometimes to mean the clamp on

the end of the cable: Cực ắc quy

 battery tester n voltage meter

or hydrometer for checking the

state of charge of a battery: Thiết

bị kiểm tra ắc quy

 battery tray n metal ledge supporting the battery, usually on

the side of the engine bay: Khay đựng ắc quy

baulk ring n part in a synchromesh

gearbox which prevents a gear

being engaged too soon: Vòng đồng tốc

bayonet cap n cylindrical base of an

electric light bulb, usually with two pins projecting on either side, which engage in J-shaped slots to

lock the bulb securely in its socket:

Đuôi đèn

 bayonet fitting or socket = socket with either twin contacts or

a single contact and j-shaped slots

on either side to receive the pins of

the bulb: Rãnh chụp đuôi đèn

28

BDC = BOTTOM DEAD CENTRE:

Điểm chết dưới

bead n (a) the part of a tyre which is

shaped to fit the rim, made of steel

wires wrapped and reinforced by

the plies of the tyre: Tanh (gân)

vỏ xe

(b) any small ball-like part, such as

the glass beads used in bead

blasting or the pellets used in

contains catalytic converters: Hạt

chứa chất xúc tác

 bead base n the part of the

tyre bead in contact with the rim

bead seat: Tanh chính

 bead blasting n cleaning

process using glass beads that is

fairly slow, but gives a high quality

finish since paint and

contamination can be removed

without affecting the critical

tolerances of parts being blasted:

Sự xử lí bề mặt (sơn)

 bead core n ring of steel wires

in the tyre bead: Lõi tanh vỏ

bead seat mat n seat cover made of a

network of wood beads: Thảm bọc

ghế bằng các miếng gỗ nhỏ

beam axle n now used for any rigid

axle, but the original sense was a

non-driven axle form of an

I-section beam: Dầm cầu bị động

dạng chữ I

beam indicator n light on the

instrument panel which comes on

usually only when the main

headlight beam is in use: Đèn báo

pha

bearing n device which supports or

positions a usually rotating or

reciprocating part such as a shaft,

esp in such a way that little or no

friction results: Bạc lót, ổ bi

bearing assembly n assembly of

more than one bearing for the same component, where more than

one load has to be supported: Cụm

ổ bi (2 vòng trở lên)

 bearing cage n circular frame which holds the balls or rollers in

place in a ball or roller bearing: rế giữ bi trong ổ bi

 bearing cap n rigid,

semicircular part which encloses and holds the outer shell of a shell bearing, as in the main bearings of

an engine: Nắp đầu to thanh truyền (biên)

bearing clearance n space between

the bearing surface and its journal: Khe hở giữa biên và bạc lót

 check the con rod for big-end

bearing clearance = check the gap between big-end and crankpin: Kiểm tra khe hở giữa đầu to thanh truyền và cổ trục khuỷu

 bearing cone n = taper roller

bearing: Ổ bi côn

 bearing cup = bearing shell:

Bạc lót hai nửa

 bearing housing n housing for a bearing, such as the centre section

of a turbocharger which supports compressor and turbine housings and the shaft to which the compressor and turbine wheels are

attached: Thân đỡ bạc lót (tăng áp)

 bearing material n metal layer forming the surface of a plain

bearing, typical of white metal: Lớp kim loại bề mặt bạc lót

29

 bearing puller n tool used to

remove different types of bearings

by pulling action: Dụng cụ tháo

(cão) bạc đạn

 bearing race n in balls or

rollers bearings, one of two steel

rings between which the balls or

rollers run in tracks: Vòng (trong

hoặc ngoài) bạc đạn

 bearing separator n special

tool used to separate double

bearings or close fitting gear, esp

When a conventional jaw-type

puller cannot be used, having

bevelled edges which allow

insertion behind the bearings and

gears to be separated: Dụng cụ

tháo bạc đạn đặc biệt

 bearing shell n one of a pair of

thin semicircular steel cups lined

with an alloy such as copper-lead

or lead-indium, which together

enclose a shaft or other rotating

member, and are held in a circular

housing which can be divided into

two halves: Bạc lót hai nửa

 bearing spread n diameter

slightly greater than that of the

housing with which almost all main

and big-end bearings are

manufactured; this means that the

bearing shell has to be force into

place, and so can not rotate; there

is also total contact between its

back and the housing: Sự căng

lưng bạc lót

 bearing surface n area of the

bearing actually in contact with the

shaft or other member being

supporting: Bề mặt tiếp xúc của

bạc lót

bed n flat area used as a support:

Nền móng

 bed in v to make parts fit

together accurately: Chạy rà

 it take a while for new brake

pads to bed themselves in = new

brake pads have to wear slightly to

be a perfect fit on the discs: Cần thời gian để những bố phanh ăn khớp hoàn toàn với đĩa phanh

 bedding-in oil n engine oil for

use when run in new bearings: Dầu chạy rà máy

beefed up a (informal) made

stronger, e.g for heavy loads: làm cho mạnh

beetle n (informal) the original rear

engined volkswagen: Tên gọi của

xe Volkswagen

bell housing n circular housing

between the crankcase and gearbox containing the flywheel and clutch, or the torque converter

in the case of automatic

transmission: Cácte bánh đà hay đầu trâu hộp số

belt n (a) loop of strong material

passed round two or more pulleys and transmitting drive from one to the other, such as a fan belt or

timing belt: Dây đai (truyền động)

(b) = seat belt: Dây đai an toàn (c) reinforcing layer or layers of

steel or nylon strands in the carcass

of a radial fly tyre: Lớp bố vỏ xe

 belt anchorage n point where the end of a seat belt is attached to

the body of a car: Mấu giữ đai an toàn

30

belt drive n system for transmitting

power by means of a belt passing

round pulleys: Truyền động dây

đai

belted bias tyre n hydrid tyre which

is a mixture between cross-ply and

radial-ply designs, with added

belts (as in radial tyres) on

diagonal body plies (as in cross-ply

tyres), resulting in stiffer sidewalls

than with straight radial tyres:

Loại vỏ với lớp bố xiêng (chéo)

 belt end n part of the seat belt

carrying the buckle and attached to

the floor pan, increasing replaced

by buckle attached directly to the

car seat: Đầu giữ đây đai an toàn

belt mounting n = belt anchorage:

Mấu giữ đai an toàn

 belt retractor n device which

automatically pulls the seat belt

back into its reel: Cơ cấu rút đai

an toàn

 belt sander n power sanding

tool with a rotating belt lined with

abrasive: Máy đánh bóng bằng

băng vải nhám

 belt slacker n looseness of a

drive belt: Sự giãn dây đai

 belt slip n slipping of a drive

belt on its pulleys due to

insufficient tightness, so that no

power is transmitted: Sự trượt đai

 belt tensioner n.arrangement

for tightening a drive belt, often

comprising an idler pulley whose

position can be adjusted: Thiết bị

căng đai

 belt transmission n = BELT

DRIVE

 belt up n to put on one’s seat

belt: Khoác dây đai an toàn (NOTE: US English is buckle up)

 belt webbing n strong webbing

material used for seat belts: Đai vải

bench n workbench, also used to

mean a test bed for engines: Bàn thợ máy, băng thử động cơ

 bench grinder n power grinder for mounting on a workbench, with two grinding wheels for grinding

and sharpening purposes: Bàn máy mài

bench seat n seat in one piece

tretching across the full width of the car: Ghế dài trong xe

bench test n stationary test, esp of an

engine, in which it is mounted in a test bed and run for a period of time ;checks being made with the aid of instruments on e.g power output, fuel consumption and

emission levels: Kiểm tra động cơ trên băng thử

bench vice n vice for mounting on a

workbench: êtô gắn bàn

bending pliers n pliers with flat

smooth jaws used to hold sheet

metal in place,e.g for welding: Kìm mỏ cong dùng trong kỹ thuật hàn

 bending strength n ability of a material to resist the bending

moment: Sức (độ) chịu uốn

Bendix drive n form of drive mainly

used for starter motors, where a pinion is mounted on a shaft with a helical screw and rushes down the shaft into engagement with the starter teeth in the flywheel when

31

the shaft is spun: Truyền động

bằng bánh răng Bendix trong

máy khởi động

(NOTE: also called inertia drive,

due to the heavy piston moving

along the shaft under the

momentum of its own weight or

inertia when the shaft turns inside

it)

 Bendix screw = the form of

helical screw on the shaft of a

starter motor: Rãnh xoắn ốc (đề)

 Bendix starter = starter motor

with a bendix drive: Máy khởi

động sử dụng bánh răng Bendix

benzene (C 6 H 6) n fluid constituent of

petrol: Benzen - loại hydrocacbon

thơm, mạch vòng

binnacle n cluster of instruments

and/or switches mounted in a

usually circular casing fixed on or

near the steering column: Dụng cụ

đo hay công tắc đặt trên vô lăng

lái

bio-degradable a cable of being

made to rot by bacteria: Có thể bị

hư do vi khuẩn

bit n part of a tool for boring or

cutting, esp the interchangeable

tip of a drill or the blade of a

screwdriver: Mũi (cắt, xoáy)

 bit adapter or holder = tool

with a female square drive at one

end to accept hexagon bits: Bộ

phận gá tuýp

bevel differential n differential

which bevel gear for its main

element, which allows the input

and output shaft to be at right

angles to one another: Bộ vi sai

bánh răng nón

bevel drive shaft n shaft with a bevel

gear at one ends, used esp for

driving an overhead camshaft: Trục dẫn động bánh răng nón

bevel gear n gear shaped in the

form of a frustum of a cone, used

to transmit motion through an

angle: Bánh răng nón (côn)

 bevel gear drive or

transmission = form of transmission used to drive shafts which do not align with the output

shaft: Sự truyền động vuông góc

beverage holder n circular clip for

holding a beaker or glass, typically

on the centre console: Vòng giữ

bezel n circular metal surround or rim

of an instrument, headlamp: Đai giữ BHP = BRAKE HORSEPOWER: Công suất phát động (hãm)

bias belted tyre n = cross–ply tyre:

Vỏ có lớp bố xiên

bicycle carrier n device attached to

the rear of a car, often supported

on a towbar, for carrying a bicycle: Giá treo xe đạp (trên xe hơi)

big-block engine n US typical large

american V-8 engine of the 1960s and 70s, with a simple and robust design including cast-iron block and heads and conventional carburetors, and giving ample

power and enormous torque: Động

cơ lớn của Mỹ

big end n end of the connecting rod

which fits round the crankpin: Đầu

to thanh truyền

 big-end bearing = bearing of the connecting rod on the crankpin, now nearly always in the form of replaceble shell bearings, but

32

formerly of white metal deposited

on fixed shells: Bạc lót đầu to

thanh truyền

 big-end bolt = one of the bolts

fixing the big–end cap to the

connecting rod: Bulông đầu to

thanh truyền

 big-end cap = the detachable

end of the connecting rod which

fits on the crankpin: Nắp đầu dưới

thanh truyền

bihexagon n & a (figure) having

twelve angles ; the shaft of some

nuts, botls heads and their

corresponding sockets: Có mười

hai cạnh

 bihexagon socket = socket

which will it a standard hexagon

bolt head or nut: Tuýp mười hai

cạnh

 bihexagonal a (of a nut, bolt

head, etc.) having twelve angles or

points: Có mười hai cạnh

bimetallic corrosion n corrosion of

two different metal exposed to an

electrolyte while in electrical

contact: Sự ăn mòn điện hóa của

lưỡng kim

binding n (a) rubbing of brake shoes

against the drum or of brake pads

against the disc: Sự bó phanh

(b) strip material turned over along

the edge of a carpet or mat: Rìa

bao, viền

bituminuos paint n black or dark

coloured tarry paint which contain

bitumen ; used for the protection of

exposed metal parts: Sơn có chứa

nhựa

black box n (informal) (a) = crash

recorder: Hộp đen

(b) = control unit: Cụm điều khiển

 black chromium plating n electrolytic deposition of a black chronium layer for decorative

purpose: Mạ crôm đen

blackening n = bulb blackening:

Bóng đèn hỏng (đen tim)

blade n straight, narrow flat part,

such as the end of a screwdriver, the part of the windscreen wiper in contact with the windscreen, or one

of the vanes of a rotor or impeller: Lưỡi, cánh, mái, phiến

 blade connector = plain metal tongue for forming electrical

connections: Phiến giắc nối (dây điện)

 blade rubber = rubber strip fitted into the arm of a windscreen

wiper: Miếng cao su trên cần gạt nước (lá mía)

 bladed impeller n rotating member of a centrifugal pump

fitted with blades or vanes: Cánh bơm

 blanking plug n rubber plug for

filling holes in the floorpan: Nút bịt bằng cao su

blast cleaning n remove of corrosion,

dirt, scale, etc., by a blast of

abrasive particles: Sự làm sạch bằng chất nhám

bleed v to drain fluid from (a

hydraulic system) usually to remove any air which may have

found its way in: Xả gió

 bleed(er) screw = screw which when slacked off allows hydraulic

fluid to escape: Vít xả gió

33

 bleed(er) valve = valve which

when opened allows hydraulic

fluid to escape: Van xả gió

blind rivet n = pop rivet: Đinh tán

đầu chìm

 blind spot n area not visible

from the driver’s seat: Điểm mù

blister n bubble in the paintwork

cause by trapped moisture or air

under the paint or by rust: Bong

tróc, giộp lên, phồng lên (sơn)

blistering n formation of blisters due

to rust or air or moisture trapped

under the paint: Sự bong tróc

 blocking ring n = baulk ring:

Vòng đồng tốc

block n = cylinder block: Khối

xylanh

 block sanding n sanding the

bodywork with a sanding block

which gives even sanding

pressure: Phun cát

blood alcohol (level or content) n

amount of alcohol in the blood due

to drinking: (Nồng độ) cồn trong

máu

blooming n formation of an undesired

thin surface film or a milky white

haze or mist on paintwork, which

can occur when paint is applied

during humid, cold conditions and

is caused by moisture being

trapped in the wet film: Sự ngưng

tụ hơi nước trên lớp sơn khi sơn

xe trong thời tiết lạnh ẩm

blow 1 v to become defective, either

by leaking or burning through: Bị

hư vì rò hoặc cháy

2 n leak of air or gases,e.g from

the exhaust: Sự rò khí

 the silence or exhaust gasket is

blowing = gases are leaking from the silencer or exhaust gasket: Khí thải đang rò rỉ từ ống giảm thanh (pô)

 the short circuit caused the

fuse to blow = the fuse burnt

through because of the overload

caused by the short circuit: Ngắn mạch gây ra đứt cầu chì

 blowback n forcing back of some of the air/fuel mixture through the carburetor due to a sticking valve or as a result of the

inlet valve closing late: Nổ dội

 blow-by n leakage of compressed air/ fuel mixture and gases (from combustion) past the

piston rings into the crankcase: Sự lọt khí

 blowdown n escape of gases between the opening of the exhaust valve and the piston reaching bottom dead centre, or in

a two-stroke engine between exhaust port opening and transfer

port opening: Sự quét khí

 blowdown period = in a stroke engine, the period between exhaust port opening and transfer port opening which should be sufficiently long to drop below time for the cylinder pressure, so that the exhaust gases can be

two-expelled more easily: Chu kỳ quét khí

 blower n (a) (informal ) =

SUPERCHARGER: Bộ tăng áp (nén khí) dẫn động bằng puli cốt máy

34

(b) fan for an interior heating and

ventilation system, or more rarely

for an air-cooled engine: Quạt gió

(giàn lạnh)

 blower switch = switch for the

fan of a heating and ventilation

system: Công tắc quạt gió

 blow gun n pressure–fed spray

gun with a wide nozzle used to

blow out crevices, dust off large

areas, etc.: Súng thổi sạch (để

sơn)

 blowlamp n tool giving an

intense flame for burning off paint,

brazing and soldering , and heating

lead filter: Đèn đốt sơn

(NOTE: US English is blow torch)

 blow-off valve n spring-loaded

valve that prevents excessive boots

pressure in a turbocharger or

supercharger: Van xả khí (tăng

áp)

 blow out v to clean (a blocked

pipe,etc.) by blowing or passing air

under high pressure through it:

Thổi với áp suất cao (để thông

ống)

 blow-out n puncture in which

the tyre bursts and often leaves the

rim: Nổ vỏ

blue smoke n exhaust smoke

indicating too rich a mixture: Khói

xanh (hỗn hợp quá giàu)

CORPORATION

BMW n German make of car, the

letters standing for bayerishe

motorenwerke: Xe hơi của Đức

(viết tắt của chữ Bayerishe

Motoren Werke)

board n = printed circuit board: Bo

mạch in

 board test = test of the printer

circuit board: Kiểm tra bo mạch

in

bodge 1 n (informal) a hasty

botched-up repair, not carried out with the

proper tools or materials: Sự sửa chữa tạm thời, chắp vá

2 v (informal) to do work badly,not

using the proper tools or materials: Sửa chữa vội vã

body n (a) main visible upper

structure of a vehicle, as opposed

to the chassis and running gear: Thùng, thân xe

(b) main part or housing, e.g of a silencer: Vỏ bọc, thân

(c) shank of a bolt: Thân bulông

 body assembly n building up of the body from its various

components and panels: Sự lắp ráp thân xe

 body builder n coach-builder:

Thợ làm đồng xe

 body-coloured a (of bumpers, etc.) painted in the same colour as

the body: Sơn cùng màu thân xe

 body component n structural

part of the body: Thành phần thân xe

body construction n manufacture of a

vehicle body: Sự chế tạo thân xe

 body fire n hand tool for smoothing body panels by removing material from the surface, e.g on filled areas, consisting of a file blade held in an adjustable holder that may be adapted to convex or concave

 body framing n assembly of

the body components: Sự lắp ráp

khung xe

 body glass n windows and

windscreen of a car: Kính xe

 body hammer n hammer for

knocking out dents: Búa gò thân

xe

 body-in-white n bare body

shell after welding but before

painting: Thân xe trước khi sơn

 body jack n hydraulic device

for proving the force to push or

pull damaged body part into shape,

either directly or via straightening

equipment, e.g pulling beams:

Con đội dùng nắn khung

 body repair n repair to the

bodywork of a car made necessary

by accident damage or corrosion:

Sửa chữa thân xe (làm đồng)

 body repair shop = workshop

specializing in the body repairs:

Xưởng sửa chữa thân xe (xưởng

đồng sơn)

 body roll n rolling a vehicle’s

body when cornering: sự lật thân

xe khi quay vòng

 body shell n the bare skeleton

of a vehicle, stripped of all running

gear, fittings, accessories and

detachable panels: Bộ khung xe

 body shop n (a) body assembly

shop in a factory: Xưởng lắp ráp

name in large letters: Đường viền thân xe

 body tub n bare body shell minus all removable panels such as doors and wings on cars featuring a separate chassis which is lowered

onto the chassis during assembly: Bộ khung xe (trừ các chi tiết có thể tháo được)

 bodywork n complete body structure mounted on the chassis of vehicles with separate chassis, and the complete assembly of sheet metal panels for car of unitary

construction: Thân xe

bogie n assembly of four wheels on

two axles with common suspension, usually on heavy

commercial vehicles and trailers:

Rơ moóc

boil v to bubble and change party to

vapour due to heat, said of engine coolant and colloquially of a car or

its engine, also of brake fluid: Làm sôi

 boiling point n temperature at

which a liquid boils: Điểm sôi (nhiệt độ)

bolt n piece of metal bar with a screw

thread and a usually hexagon head, for use with a nut or for screwing into a part with a matching female

thread: Bulông

bond 1 n state of adhesion: Trạng

thái gắn chặt

2 v to join by means of an

adhesive: Dán, liên kết, nối

36

 bondung agent n material that

provides adhesive properties:

Chất kết dính

 bonding method n method of

joining two parts together with an

adhesive: Phương pháp kết dính

bonnet n hinged cover over the

engine bay, usually of metal but

now often of fibreglass: Nắp capô,

nắp đậy máy

(NOTE: US English is hood)

bonnet badge n badge usually stating

the make in sometimes the model

of vehicle in the centre of the front

edge of the bonnet: Biểu tượng

hãng trên nắp capô

bonnet bump rubber or bonnet

bump n rubber buffer mounted on

the vertical panel onto which the

bonnet is lowered: Đệm nắp capô

bonnet liner n sound-absorbing

material attached to the inside of

the bonnet to reduce engine noise:

Lớp cách âm trong capô

bonnet lock n locking mechanism

comprising a notched peg fixed to

front underside of the bonnet,

which fits into a hole with a sliding

latch in the panel above the grille:

Cơ cấu khóa nắp capô

 bonnet release n cable with a

handle inside the vehicle which

releases the bonnet lock: Chốt mở

capô (bên trong xe)

 bonnet (support) stay n rod

which engages in a hole in the

bonnet to hold it in the open

position: Thanh chống nắp capô

 bonnet tape n double piping

with fabric covering used to keep

bonnet of on older-style cars from

rubbing in the paintwork of the

panels beneath them: Đường viền nắp capô

booming n low-pitched resonance,

esp in the exhaust: Tiếng nổ vang ở ống thải

boost 1 n addition power, pressure or

charge, esp the pressure from a

supercharger: Sự tăng áp, tăng công suất

(NOTE: also called boost pressure)

2 v to increase (power, charge,

pressure, etc.), amplify (an audio

signal, etc.): Tăng, khuếch đại

 boost control valve = blow-off

valves: Van điều khiển tăng áp

 booster n amplifier unit which increase the audio signal level at the loudspeakers, fitted between the radio or stereo unit and the speakers, often mounted in the

boot: Bộ khuếch đại (âm ly)

 booster battery n additional battery connected in series to give

added power for starting: Ắc quy được mắc nối tiếp để khởi động

 booster cable = n jump lead:

Dây nối ắc quy

 booster coil n addition coil which increase the strength of the

spark: Cuộn dây phụ để tăng điện áp đánh lửa

 boost gauge n instrument

indicated boost pressure: Thiết bị

đo áp suất tăng áp

 boost pressure n pressure in the intake system of the superchargered engines when the

superchargered operates: Aùp suất tăng áp

37

 boost sensor n sensor located

in the choke tube which sends a

signal to the ignition control unit

according to pressure conditions,

and the control unit then adjusts

the ignition timing for optimum

performance: Cảm biến đo áp

suất tại bướm ga

 boost valve n valve in a

hydraulic system which amplifies

pressure: Van tăng áp (trong hệ

thống thủy lực)

boot n (a) separate area for lugguage

behind the rear seats and mostly

behind the rear window, or below

the rear window in the case of

fastback designs, with a hinged

cover: Ngăn hành lý (capô sau)

(b) = DUST BOOT: Vỏ chắn bụi,

vỏ chụp

(c) = WHEEL CLAMP: Cái kẹp

bánh xe

 booted version n subsequent

saloon version with boot of a

model originally launch as a

hatchback: Ngăn hành lý riêng

biệt

 boot handle n handle for

opening the bootlid: Tay cầm mở

ngăn hành lý (capô sau)

 bootlid n hinged cover for the

boot: Nắp ngăn hành lí phía sau

bore 1 n (a) diameter of a cylinder,

especially of a cylinder in an internal

combustion engine: Đường kính

xylanh động cơ

(b) internal wall of a cylinder:

Vách xylanh

2 v to bore and stroke an engine =

to increase the bore and stroke of

an engine: Làm tăng đường kính và khoảng chạy của piston

 to bore out an engine = to

increase the bore of an engine: Tăng đường kính (xoáy) xylanh (lên cốt)

 bore/ stroke ratio n relation of the piston stroke to the diameter of the cylinder of an engine, which provide information as to whether the engine is a short stroke or a

long stroke unit: Tỉ số giữa khoảng chạy và đường kính xylanh

bossing mallet n mallet with a

pear-shaped wooden head commonly used for shaping and stretching metal over a sandbag or wooden

block: Cái vồ đầu lồi

botch 1 n very badly executed piece

of work: Sự làm hỏng, sự làm vụng về

2 v to do (a piece of work) very

badly: Làm hỏng, làm vụng về

 botched-up job = (informal) very badly executed repair which

is unlikely to last very long: Sửa chữa quá tồi

bottle jack n small hydraulic jack in

the shape of a bottle: Con đội hình chai

 bottleneck n narrow stretch of road, or point on a road where

traffic is held up: Chỗ đường hẹp dễ bị tắt nghẽn

bottom 1 a lower or lowest: Thấp nhất 2 n lowest point: Phần đáy,

dưới cùng

3 v (a) (of suspension) to reach the

bottom end of its travel causing a

jolt: Đạt đến điểm cuối (ht treo)

38

(b) (of a low part of vehicle) to

make contact with the ground:

Điểm tiếp xúc với mặt đường

 bottom dead centre (BDC) n

lowest point of travel of the piston

in a (vertical) piston-operated

combustion engine, from which the

piston starts to move up-wards

again until it reaches the upper

point of travel (top dead center):

Điểm chết dưới

 the inlet valve closes 600 after

bottom dead centre or BDC = the

inlet valve closes 600 after the

piston‘s lowest point: Van nạp

đóng sau điểm chết dưới 60 0

(NOTE: opposite is top dead

centre; the corresponding point (to

BDC) in a horizontally opposed or

‘flat’ engine is that furthest from

the combustion chamber, also

called outer dead centre)

 bottom end n (a) all moving

part in the crankcase and their

bearings, or more narrowly, the

end of the connecting rod attached

to the crankshaft (the big end):

Đầu to thanh truyền

(b) lower range of engine

revolutions: Vùng tốc độ thấp của

động cơ

 bottom end torque = pulling

power at low engine speed:

Mômen xoắn tại tốc độ thấp

 bottom gear n first gear: Số

một

 bottoming n contact between a

low part of a vehicle and the

ground: Điểm tiếp xúc với mặt

bounce v (a) (of valves or contact

breaker points) to chatter or bounce instead of closing properly

at high speeds: Nảy lên, bật lên (b) to put down and release a conner of a vehicle : Sự hạ xuống và bật lên của một góc xe

bowden cable n control cable

consisting of a wire cable in a sheath, used especially for choke,

clutch, and accelerator cables: Cáp điều khiển

bowser n tanker for refuelling

especially military vehicles and

aircraft: Thùng tiếp tế nhiên liệu

box n = silencer: Hộp giảm thanh

 box spanner n spanner in the form of a tube with one or two hexagonal socket ends for fitting over nuts and bolt heads, and with holes in the sides to accept

crossbar called a tommy bar: Ống tuýp

 box van n van with a large square-sectioned enclosed area for

goods behind the driver’s cab: Xe có thùng chứa hàng hóa

 box wrench n US = ring

spanner: Khóa vòng

B-pillar or B-post n upright member

behind the front door supporting the roof and carrying the striker plate for the front door and, in the case of four-door models, the

hinges for the rear door: Trụ giữa

ở khung cửa xe

39

brace n part providing support or

reinforcement between two or

more components: Giá, khung,

trụ chống, thanh giằng

 bracing n (a) (action) stiffening

by mean of braces: Sự gia cố

(b) brace; part used to provide of

support: Thanh giằng

bracket n support usually made from

metal strip for a part carried on or

suspended from a vehicle, such as

a fog lamp or exhaust system: Giá

đỡ, dầm công xôn

braided hose n usually rubber pipe

covered in woven material or

braided wire, for fuel lines or

brake hoses: Ống được bọc bố

brake 1 n (a) mechanism for slowing

or stopping a vehicle in motion, or

for holding it when standing still:

Cơ cấu phanh, phanh

(b) device for measuring the power

of an engine: Thiết bị đo công

suất động cơ

(c) = SHOOTING BRAKE: Phanh

bị đâm

 to put on or apply the brakes =

to brake: Đạp phanh

 to stand on the brakes =

(informal ) to brake hard: Kẹt

phanh

 to test an engine on the brake

= to find out how much power an

engine develops: Đo công suất

động cơ

(NOTE: the device used nowadays

is called a dynamometer)

2 v to operate the brakes in order

to slow down: Đạp phanh

 brake adjuster n device in a

drum brake system for moving the

shoes in relation to the drum: Cơ cấu điều chỉnh phanh (phanh trống)

 brake adjusting spanner = special spanner with a square cutout to fit over a square adjuster projecting from the brake

backplate: Khóa điều chỉnh phanh

(NOTE: US English is brake wrench)

 brake adjusting tool = tyre tool for use on drum brakes with star wheel adjustment, which fits through a slot in the backplate

lever-to turn the star wheel and adjust the clearnce between the brake

shoe and the drum: Dụng cụ điều chỉnh phanh

 brake band n device used to hold one of the three turning members of the planetary gear set

in an automatic gearbox stationary

in order to change gear ratios, being replaced in more modern designs by, for example, and

multiple-disc clutches: Đai phanh

 brake bleeder n workshop equipment used to bleed air from hydraulic brake, clutch or steering

system on vehicles: Dụng cụ xả gió phanh

 brake cable n wire cable used

to operate the brakes in some mechanical brake systems, still used for trailers and for the

handbrake on most cars: Dây cáp phanh

 brake caliper n assembly in a disc brake system fitting over the disc and containing the piston

40

which act on the brake pads, which

in turn press on the disc: Bộ kẹp

phanh

 brake cylinder n = wheel

cylinder: Xy lanh phanh

 brake disc = flat metal disc in a

disc brake system, mounted on a

wheel hub and rotating with the

wheel until acted on by the brake

pads: Đĩa phanh

(NOTE: US English is disc brake

rotor)

 brake dive n dipping of a car’s

front end or lifting of the rear end

when the brakes are applies, due

to a load transfer from the rear to

the front suspension: Sự chúi đầu

xe khi phanh

(NOTE: opposite is squat)

 brake drum n metal drum

mounted on a car hub to from the

outer shell of the brake, against

which the brake shoes press to

slow or stop rotation of the drum

and wheel: Trống phanh

 brake fade n loss of friction in

the brakes and thus of stopping

power due to overheating: Sự

trượt phanh (do quá nhiệt)

 brake failure n complete

failure of the brakes to function:

Hư hỏng phanh

brake fluid n special thin oil used in

hydraulic brake systems to transmit

force through a closed system of

pipes (i.e brake lines): Dầu

phanh

 brake fluid reservoir = usually

a translucent plastic tank located

either directly on top of the master

cylinder or on a higher lever for

easier access, which contains two chambers in dual-circuit braking systems, and may include a lever

sensor: Bình dầu phanh

brake horsepower n power developed by an engine which is measured by a brake or dynamometer; often abbreviated

as bhp: Công suất động cơ

 brake hose n flexible, reinforced high-pressure hose, used to connect the fixed brake pipes to the brake assemblies that move up and down with the

wheels: Ống dẫn dầu phanh

 brake light n red rear light activated when the foot brake is applied; usually integrated in a tail

light assembly: Đèn phanh

(NOTE: also called stop light)

 brake lining n curved strip of friction material usually containing

asbestos attached to a brake shoe: Bố phanh

 riveted or bonded brake

linings = brake linings attached to

the brake shoes with rivets or

glued on with adhesive: Bố phanh được tán rivê hoặc dán

 brake mean effective pressure

(BMEP) n average pressure in the

cylinders of an engine divided by its mechanical efficiency, i.e the ratio of the power actually delivered at an output shaft to power developed in the cylinders;

used as an indication of torque: Áp suất (tỉ lệ giữa công suất ở trục

ra bánh xe và công suất phát ra từ xy lanh) hiệu quả trung bình