Review KT tin chi thang 8 2017

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REVIEW FOR FINAL EXAM TEST ON ARCHITECTURE ENGLISH

1 GRAMMAR AND STRUCTURES

1.1 Gerunds and infinitives used as nouns (as subject, object, subject complement)

1.2 participles used as adjectives

1.3 relative clauses (restrictive and non-restrictive)

1.4 noun phrases (identifying head nouns)

1.5 Expressions of result (so… that…, such ….that …., enough … to…, too…to)

- so Adv/adj that :

The weather so nice that we went to he beach

He walked so quickly that I could not catch with him

- Such adj + noun that

He spoke for such a long time that they thought he would never stop

I have so many records that I don’t know which to play

He made so much noise that we could’t sleep

- Adj/adv + enough ….to do sth Enough + noun … to do sth

Is this coffee strong enough for you?

He didn’t run fast enough Are there enough chairs in this room?

1.6 Types of sentences

2 Vocabulary

All the vocabulary in the reading texts

TEST FORMAT

1 Vocabulary: Choose an appropriate word from the box to complete a sentence (12 points)

2 Grammar: multiple choices (18 points)

3 Reading comprehension (20 points)

Read a passage on architecture and then answer the questions following

4 Translation (10 points)

- two sentences in the texts you have learned

- One sentence in the passage in question 3 above

5 Writing (10 points)

Write about a building in this city, or this country, or in the world that impresses you the most

I VOCABULARY:

Practice 1:

1/ This Project consists of a tower block made up of 5 _set amidst a lush, landscaped garden with a swimming pool

2/ The design of this tower block was to reinterpret the traditional responses to our tropical climate

in a manner _ with high-rise living and in line with contemporary architectural discourse

3/ An architecture of layers is realized both on plan and in the .

4/ Screens shade glazed openings and _planes and curves play against the main building surfaces

5/ Voids and double-voume garden terraces connect levels spatially while a concrete

_adds another intermediary layer to the last, upper- most units

Practice 2:

asymmetrical composition hybrid veneered preliminary design

1 Pelli’s work on the Rice Campus in Texas takes the pre-existing Romanesque style-

_ in red brick and white masonry

2 The Grand Lycee Yersin extension is neither an attempt to re-interpret a local, traditional style nor to create a vocabulary of Eastern and Western

3 The work can begin when an agreement has been reached

4 Any building, whether square or round, provides the greatest _ impact if four basic principles of design are applied to the exterior

5 In , unlike object achieve an optical balance

Practice 3:

setting up preliminary drawings screened canopy

size of the room construction supervisor to reflect background surfaces

1 An architect performs the tasks of many professionals, including designer, artist, project manager, and _

2 With the _ approved, a drafter can be beginning to lay out the working

drawings

3 In these houses the kitchen is open to the dining space yet from the living room proper

4 The plan will be applied to the various physical factors involved, such as , lighting, furniture and accessories

5 The purpose of a master plan is the character and to sever the needs of the client The designer must consider the factors that make up the client’s pattern of living

6 The size of a pattern on a fabric must be properly related to the , window

or piece of the furniture on which it is to be used

7 Variety can be created by _ balance through contrast

8 A well-planned and _ exterior can erase the bareness surrounding a new home; especially a new dome home

9 Any building, whether square or round, provides the greatest _ impact if four basic principles of design are applied to the exterior

10 Large plants, trees for example, fix visual boundaries and provide

Practice 4

circular steel framework sculpture atrium galleries

screened post holes Gothic stainless steel truncated

pyramid structure object vaults specifications civil engineer glass enclosed

1 The building is being constructed in accordance with plans and , but also to obtain information that will be useful in design of future buildings

2 In these houses the kitchen is open to the dining space yet from the living room proper

3 Lines of preserved in the old layers of clay give a due to kind of structures these prehistoric people built

4 Painting, , and architecture are the arts most commonly discussed in textbooks as “the fine arts,” and they are sometimes grouped together with music and poetry

5 King's College Chapel (begun in 1446) is one of the finest examples of architecture in Europe

6 The Lloyd’s of London is designed as a series of 16 m wide concentric

overlooking a central atrium

7 Cesar Pelli chose a bright yellow paint for these elements and complemented the yellow with brushed _

8 The Aquatorium building is designed as a structure to conform to the crest of its hillside site

9 The Aquatorium centerpiece of the main entry hall is a rain forest garden under a domed skylight atrium

10 The Procter & Gamble Headquarters in Cincinnati have abstracted an Art Deco language of and stepped octagons

Practice 5

structured object framed structure assembling Gothic style

double pitched royal chapel

1 Architecture is the art and science of building design Building construction is the process of materials to form a building

2 Design fees, schedules, and the compatibility of personalities are but a few of the basic

questions to be answered at the .

3 In the modern apartments the kitchen is open to the dining space yet

from the living room proper

4 The term “architecture” can also be used to describe any .

5 is also recognized as having a socio-political function, reinforcing the authority of those who seek to organize the society in which they live

6 In the 1240s they were most excited by la Sainte-Chapelle, the built by

King Louis for the Crown of Thorn, a holy relic from the Byzantine Empire

7 The chapel at King’s College, Cambridge, England, is an example of the late known as Perpendicular

8 The ground of the Grand Lycee Yersin from the south floor has of cement to filter the sunlight

9 A tower of the Grand Lycee Yersin is visually the most striking vertical feature, its high,

culminating in a belfry

10.Utzon resigned as architect at the stage where the was complete

II GRAMMAR

1 We should finish this designing process quickly, after we can proceed to another stage

2 The house, _ I wanted to buy, was too expensive

3 Wright designed many original public buildings, _ interesting unusual materials

4 The planning of building project has begun for a long time, however the workers haven’t been

seen at the site This is a _

A complex sentence B compound sentence

5 The bridges that have survived from ancient times are arch structures of heavy masonry, usually

stone or brick The underlined part is a .

A a noun clause B a relative clause

C a noun phrase D an adverbial clause

6 Architecture is a form of human activity that has been pursued as long as human beings have

sought to change the natural environment for their own benefit This is a _.

A complex sentence B compound sentence C simple sentence D mixed sentence

7 Post-Modernism applies the contextualist arguments of the tradition and abstract an Art Deco

language of truncated pyramids and stepped octagons This is a _.

A complex sentence B compound sentence C simple sentence D mixed sentence

8 Many architects and other professionals today believe symbiosis to be one of the most important

goals in the design of buildings and other structures The underlined phrase is used as .

A prepositional phrase used as a complement B infinitive phrase used as a modifier

C infinitive phrase used as a complement D B and C are correct

9 Two or more dissimilar organisms living in a close relationship _benefits each of them

is called symbiosis

10 The divisions also create an inside / outside dialogue with the hillsides, interplay

of garden, small plazas, and earth-sheltered rooms to increase the fusion of building and landscape

11 Small firms typically are better at exposing interns to the breadth of practice The underlined phrase is used as a (an) _.

A prepositional phrase B noun phrase C gerund phrase D infinitive phrase

12 Sullivan is memorable not only for his own work but for having provided the apprenticeship of Frank Lloyd Wright, America’s greatest native architect, career extended 50 years

beyond that of Sullivan

13 The planning of building project has begun for a long time, however the workers haven’t been

seen at the site This is a _

A compound sentence B complex sentence C simple sentence D mixed

sentence

14 Whether you like it or not, the skyscraper is America’s gift to architecture This is a

_.

A simple sentence B compound sentence

C mixed sentence D complex sentence

15 The owner is placed in the position of a traffic cop, whereas in the conventional design-bid-build process, the architect acts as the owner’s agent and controls the contractor’s actions to

some degree This is a _.

A complex sentence B compound sentence

C simple sentence D mixed sentence

* Use “so” or “such” in these sentences:

1 The teacher gave us much homework that no one was able to finish it

2 There has been little rain that the grass is yellow

3 The movie was _good that I decided to see it again

4 The fog was thick that we could hardly see the road

5 It was _good coffee that I had another cup

6 It was an interesting book that he couldn’t put it down

III READING COMPREHENSION:

Passage 1

For building skyscrapers over the height of two hundred meters, steelwork is the cheapest method

of construction Below that height, it is design requirements, which determine the choice of structural material Steelwork and reinforced concrete can be used for different parts of the same skyscraper They can even be used together for individual items For buildings with a large number

of dividing walls, such as hotels, the walls themselves, when made of reinforced concrete, act as the load-bearing structure With efficiently designed mould systems they can be quickly built, work on the next storey beginning immediately after the concrete has set In another system known as slip forming the moulds are continuously drawn up in very small steps while the mixed concrete is in the process of setting Slip forming is used when lift-shafts and stair-wells in the centre of an office block are to be made from concrete; also for tall chimneys and concrete oil production platforms

Questions

1 How tall are skyscrapers built by the steelwork method?

_ _

2 Which factor is required for building skyscrapers under the height of two hundred meters? _ _

3 For which parts of the building can steelwork and reinforced be used?

_ _

4 Which things might support to build floors quickly?

_ _

5 Which structures can be built by using the slip forming equipment?

_ _

Passage 2

Wright, Frank Lloyd (1867-1959), American architect, considered one of the greatest figures of 20th-century architecture Wright was born either in Richland Center, or in nearby Bear Valley, Wisconsin, and grew up largely under the tutelage of his mother, Anna, and his aunts and uncles on farmland ne0ar Spring Green, Wisconsin His father, a musician, abandoned the family in 1885 Wright briefly studied engineering at the University of Wisconsin, displaying a knack for drawing, and in 1887 he moved to Chicago, Illinois Wright also supported himself by lecturing and writing Among his writings are An Autobiography (1932, revised 1943) and The Future of Architecture (1953), a collection of his articles from the 1930s

Wright avoided anything that might be called a personal style Through all his designs, he was

guided by principles that he termed organic architecture By this he meant that every building

should relate harmoniously to its natural surroundings and that a building should not be a static boxlike enclosure but a dynamic structure, with open, flowing interior spaces

Questions:

1 Who was Frank Lloyd Wright considered?

2 Didn’t he live with his mother?

3 What was his knack performed?

4 Name Frank Lloyd Wright’s writings?

5 What did “organic architecture” imply?

Passage 3

A floor system may be composed of a series of linear beams and joists overlaid with a plane

of sheathing or decking, or it may consist of a nearly homogeneous slab of reinforced concrete The depth of a floor system is directly related to the size and proportion of the structural bays; it must span and the strength of the material used The size and placement of any cantilevers and openings within the floor plane should also be considered in the layout of a floor system’s structural supports A floor system’s edge conditions and connections to supporting foundation and wall systems affect both a building’s structural integrity and its physical appearance

Questions:

1 What is a floor system composed of?

2 What is the depth of a floor system directly related to?

3 Which factors should be considered in process of designing a floor system?

4 What should be considered as the structural supports?

5 Which structural members affect both a building’s structure integrity and its physical

appearance?

Passage 4

The 2008 Pritzker Architecture Prize, the most prestigious award given in architecture, goes to Jean Nouvel of France This is only the second time an architect from France (Christian de Portzamparc

in 1994 was the first) has received the honor in the prize’s 30 year history Jean Nouvel was born in Fumel, southwestern France, in 1945

He has designed museums, office buildings, cultural centers, housing – and more – in Italy, Japan, Spain, England, Switzerland, the Netherlands, Germany, South Korea, Mexico, Brazil, Iceland, Russia, Taiwan, Morocco, the United States, and elsewhere

His pursuit of new ideas has led to creative experimentation; his buildings defy "modernist" or even

"postmodernist" labels One critic observes that Nouvel's buildings are characterized by "their shimmering transparency, their enigmatic use of light and color, and their poetic use of modern technology."

The award was presented June 2 by Thomas Pritzker, president of the Hyatt Foundation, at the Library of Congress in Washington, D.C Nouvel will receive a bronze medallion and a grant of

$100,000, followed by a formal banquet in his honor

Questions

1 Didn’t the Pritzker Architecture Prize go to a French architect for the first time?

2 Is the Pritzker prize the highest award in architecture? And how long has this prize been

awarded?

3 Give the names of the structures were designed by Jean Nouvel?

Passage 5

In the booming cities of the United States in the late 19th century, the skyscraper gradually came into being Little by little, iron and steel supporting elements were added to stone and brick buildings, until in 1885 William Lebanon Jenney designed the Home Insurance Company Building

in Chicago It was the first building in which the exterior walls were entirely supported on a steel frame By the 1890s United States cities were dotted with tall office buildings Architects like Louis Sullivan of Chicago not only wanted to emphasize the simplicity and strength of the steel frame in their works but also tried to make them artistic by shaping them or decorating their surfaces Sullivan, though claiming originality, drew from the ornament of the past in tall office buildings such as the Wainwright Building in St Louis of 1890-91

 Questions :

1 Which materials were introduced into building in the late 19th century?

When and where was the first building with steel frame built?

2 Who was the designer of this steel-framed building?

3 Which quality of steel frame is mentioned in the passage?

4 Sullivan tried to beautify the steel frame in his works, didn’t he? What did he do?

Passage 6

The master plan of a house or apartment is diagram of the location and function of each area of living space On it the arrangement of furniture is marked Accompanying the plan is a plan is a list indicating specific articles of furniture, fabrics and other materials, color schemes and accessories Since the purpose of such a plan is to reflect the character and to sever the needs of the client, the designer must consider the factors that make up the client’s pattern of living These include, in addition to geography, the budget and personality of the client and the tastes, activities and hobbies

of each member of his family Accordingly, the designer could divide the available space and indicate the choice of furniture and other items to produce an atmosphere not only of general comfort but also of a distinctive character- simple or sophisticated, rugged or refined, restful or stimulating and so on In addition to the way of life of the particular client, the designer should also consider the basic elements of design, such as balance, scale, unity, variety, color and so on

1 What is the master plan composed of?

2 What is the purpose of such a master plan?

3 Based on what particular factors of clients can the designer divide the available interior space?

4 What are the different styles of interior design?

5 What are the basic elements considered by the designer?

IV TRANSLATION INTO VIETNAMESE:

Practice 1:

1 At the approach to the house, Wright reduced space by using an overhanging roof, side walls,

and stairs that bring the person entering closer to the roof

2 The principal materials of Greek architecture were wood, used for supports and roof beams;

unbaked brick used for walls, especially of private houses; limestone and marble, used for columns, walls

3 Home aquariums are often made to simulate a natural environment

Practice 2:

1 In Northeast Harbor, Maine, George Howe has designed a superb vacation house, all in wood and stone with double-pitched roofs and sliding glass doors used instead of windows

2 In these houses the kitchen is open to the dining space yet screened from the living room proper

Practice 3:

Architecture is an art where one cannot work alone like painters or musicians An architecture work can only be completed when there is harmonious coordination among various people The responsible architect has to know how to guide draftsmen to implement the plan, how to render his idea so that engineers can calculate structure or set up lighting

Practice 4:

Whether you like it or not, the skyscraper is America’s gift to architecture This kind of construction became possible when light but strong steel frames could be constructed and after powerful elevators had been developed Concrete and plate glass play an important part in building such tall structures

Practice 5:

1 Kahn's Yale Art Gallery (1952-1954), with its spacious, flexibly partitioned rooms, introduced the idea of exposing air ducts and lighting fixtures in a ceiling

2 Home aquariums are often made to simulate a natural environment

V WRITING

Answer the question in about 100 words