Giao trinh han ngu quyen 1 (pdf)

204i The place of articulation upper lip upper teeth teethridge hard palate soft palate uvula lower lip lower teeth tip of the tongue blade of the tongue back of the tongue vocal cords n

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fuci jiècí liáncí zhùcí dòngtời zhùcí jiégou zhuci yuqi zhuci tanci xiangshéngci cítóu

ciwéi

(4) (4) (3)

(#) (#) (®) (=)

( 3!) (2) (#&) ()

(%) (#) (%) (#4)

noun pronoun verb clutch verb adjective numeral classifier numeral-classifier phrase

adverb preposition conjunction particle aspect particle structural particle modal particle interjection onomatopoeia prefix

suffix

204i The place of articulation

upper lip upper teeth teethridge hard palate soft palate uvula lower lip lower teeth tip of the tongue blade of the tongue back of the tongue vocal cords

nasal cavity

= ie Aiz Classroom Chinese

AC ip URE Li = classroom chinese for teacher

Toéngxuémen hdo! Xidanzdai shang ké

Hello, everyone! Now let’s begin our class

2 HARE!

Qing kan hẽibăn!

Please look at the blackboard

3 HHRAG |

Qing ting w6 fa yin!

Please listen to my pronunciation!

Qing dékdi shu, fan dao di ye

Please open your books, and turn to page

Dú kèwén, yòo dàshẽng lăngdú

Read the text, and read it aloud

15 A May)

YOu wenti ging wen

If you have questions, please ask

Xiùnzời bùzhì zuòyè

Now the assignment (for today)

17 FRY HRY EA, RELA,

Yuxi xin ké de shéngci, yao hui du hui xié

Preview the new words of the new lesson, you should be able to read and

write them

18 HA FiBK/ EF

Qing kan yixiad yufé/zhushi

Please look at the grammar/ notes

Oing bd zudyé jido géi wo

Please hand in your homework (to me)

Qing nin zai màn yìdiănr

Please slow down a little

3 tH RAL ie

Qing nin zai shud yi biòn

Would you please say it again?

Qing nin zdi nian yi bian

Please read it one more time

5 344 #⁄11/E 218$?

Zhè ge zì⁄cí zẽnme dú?

How should this character/word be pronounced?

6 aM RHABRS?

Zhe ge ci shi shénme yisi?

What does this word mean?

| EGBA “ie” REA?

Yingyù de “ - ” Hanytt z6nme shud? What’s the Chinese for ?

SRAM MEM A?

Jintian de zudye shi shénme?

What is the homework for today?

Ldoshi, ta bing le, bu néng Idi shang ké

He/She is ill, so he/she cannot come to the class

10 sp RAL, AIST

11

12

Duibuql, wð chídòo le

Sorry, I’m late

( Py) Fa Hil JH,ÈÈ# (—)ìViff IZ

(=) BF BG (=) 35 SLU ( PY) Fa Hal ( 1) Bev (WS) ri A

(=) esti (=) -F aH

f., AJ

(—) FARE: | qx

(—) #4: i ia ie igo ¡iu(iou) ian in iang

ing iong U Ue wan Un (=) OF

(—):B*4MM (=) “AN” HARV

(28)

(—) KEL (—)XI#—

(—) FARE; Z Cc s

(—)##†: -I[1] er ua uo uai ui(uei) uan

(=) Ba

(=)er AULAGH ( Pa) 45 AL ( T.) BET TFS

(—)“2+iflil” = PY CliGng) + if]ã]

DU tae ele (2)

( py) “Oo”

PU RA (—) DURA FINA

( ) #in|†1R.nJ (=) SAGAS EYE

(—) iit EAH ( —) FRAN AB ee a AE (=) Prt ze PF] AY

(=) sind fe" ao”

(—) AE (2) (—)1#Ð(2)

(110)

(=) BORA hay

jf — se dy (—) EAS AEDT: TEA a)

(—)^M(3): 1E“) (=) “Ay inlA

( —) wv (3 )

8 V (4 Ht) köu mouth; (a classifier for

Most Chinese syllables are formed by a combination of the initials, finals and tones For example, bd, ma, hdo The consonant at the head of a syllable (b, m,

h in the above examples) is called the initial The rest of the syllable is the final (4,

a, G0) The contemporary Chinese putonghua has over 400 syllables

_ Descriptions of articulation

a Initials: BO Pow dt I ge kn

N8 [ì

XUJEIH, ®34$“(, fZ&ï XJIESẤHH, RSI, TIP OURS, (Ct

Be ACMI, IPR “ASU o 7f0R?K2J

«8

This is an unaspirated voiceless bilabial plosive Lung air is compressed by the closure of the lips Then the air escapes with a sudden release of the lip closure,

with no vibrations of the vocal cords

p [p]

A ARAN

Aspirated voiceless bilabial plosive The position of articulation is the same as

that of b The air is released forcibly with a puff, with no vibrations of vocal

Unaspirated bilabial nasal The lips form a closure, and the soft palate and uvu-

la are lowered The air stream passes through the nasal cavity, with the vibration

of vocal cords

f LÝ]

Voiceless Labio-dental fricative The upper teeth make a light contact with the lower lip and the air is released in between with friction, with no vibrations of

vocal cords

d [t]

By ERE ACTH FATEH

Unaspirated voiceless alveolar plosive The primary obstacle is formed by a clo-

sure made between the tip of the tongue and the upper alveolar ridge Lung air is compressed behind this closure and then escapes with force upon release of the

alveolar closure, with no vibrations of the cords

t [t]

“To Fatt AGRA

Alveolar voiceless alveolar plosive Its position and manner of articulation are

the same as those of d, but it is aspirated, with no vibrations of vocal cords

n [n]

AARBA, Se TERE, BUS, ZT RHE, ZÃWE†[DTE, 75 ĐRZJ Alveolar nasal The tongue-tip is pressed against the upper alveolar ridge, the soft palate and uvula are lowered, and the air is let out through the nasal cavity

with the vibrations of the vocal cords

g [k]

Tử, 493X“(, ìZE?í HHÚÚU4XlJ, 4Í “NGJF#XIJ, fE“(WWME Keith f2? 4l#§Zl.

Unaspirated voiceless velar plosive The back of the tongue is raised to form a closure with the soft palate Lung air escapes with force upon sudden release of

the closure, with no vibrations of vocal cords

Voiceless velar fricative The back of the tongue is raised towards the soft pal- ate The air stream is expelled from the lungs, causing some frictions in the vo-

cal tract, with no vibrations of vocal cords

#4) Single finals: GQ 0 e©@ i u U

a [a]

FA EK, ñ#ịf7iƒ£, SAL

The mouth is wide open; the tongue is at its lowest; the lips are unrounded

o [o]

The opening of the mouth is medium; the tongue position is midhigh, and slightly to the back; the lips are rounded

e [x]

FFO RES, FAK Ua, JA ANTE

The opening of the mouth is medium; the tongue position mid-high and slightly

to the back; and the lips unrounded

FPO ES), JBI, Tae Mio

The opening of the mouth is narrow, the lips are fully rounded, and the tongue position high and slightly to the back

u ly]

AVS i Ale], (AR, FBS eu AE

The tongue position is identical to that of |, and the lips are rounded to a degree

similar to U

3 #4) Compound finals: ai ei ao ou

ail ai | ei[ ei | ao[ ao | ou[ ou |

BAWE: al PH) a SQ IAY | Me, BE [a], Aheke [al ton, I

5 [A] #8]

Influenced by the i behind it, the a in the compound final Gi is pronounced as

[a] The tongue position is a little more to the forward than [4] The other

traits of this sound are the same as [ A |

ei PAY e VF Le]

The e in éi is pronounced as [e ]

Go PN) a Sea HAY o AZM, EVE [a].

Influenced by the 0 behind it, the G in GO is pronounced as [ a}

#970!) Rules of writing the transcription

vu, ũ #§HJFHUW#ZT7 HUY WBl2WÍSW yi, wu, yu

|, U, and U may form independent syllables In writing they are respectively yl,

Wu and yu

— Tones

The Chinese putonghua has four basic tones They are shown by the tone-marks;

—(the Ist tone), % (the 2nd tone), Y (the 3rd tone), ‘ (the 4th tone) Dif- ferent tones may express different meanings, e g

PSs RNEER ICAL THI LAWS, BRIAR ÉH: ni,

yew LE, WW: hdo, méi, lou,

Tone-marks should be placed on the main vowels When the vowel | carries a tone-indicator, the dot on | is removed, e g ni, bi If there are two or more than two vowels in a syllable, the tone-mark is placed on the one which requires a bigger (or

the biggest) opening of the mouth, e.g hd0, méi, ld6u

| Modulations of tones

When a 3rd tone is immediately followed by another 3rd tone, the former is pro- nounced as the 2nd tone, e g

ni hdo — ni hdo

FILS Syllables and Chinese characters

ALFRMANBSAS BPE PINUS M—TRETNL SF BM:

The characters are the written symbols of the Chinese language Every syllable can

be written into one or several characters, e g

Zh >] Liònxí Exercises ee ĐÓ G2 ĐA ĐĐ 0 0000000000000000060090000000600000060606066060

2) #ÿ_ Modulations of tones

(3) #4 Pronunciation exercises

(1) #5724: Identify the initials

bơi pai dai tai gai kai

(3) ¥#253#7% Pronunciations and tones

4) iKi® Read and learn

dà yú

mét lới 3ƒ

-

2 vil, ( By) ma (a particle used at the end of a

13:

younger brother vounger sister

Bl:r:#£ znùsnì OC Noes 2

2 Descriptions of articulation

an{ an | en{[ on | ang[ an | enol an | ong[ un |

an Py apefvfe [a], ang PAY a if [a]

d in an is pronounced as [a], and d in ang is pronounced as [ a]

en, eng Pay e ive [oa]

€ in en and eng is pronounced as [ 9 |

ong #9 o j#ƒE [ul]

O in Ong is pronounced as [u]

- The neutral tone

Note: In transcription neutral tones do not carry any tone-indicators

The half 3rd tone

SSSA awk}, BS, PRN, MPR S

ety

A 3rd-tone syllable becomes a half 3rd tone when it is immediately followed by a

Ist, 2nd, 4th or neutral tone syllables, i.e only the first half (the falling part) of

-15-the tone is articulated, and is immediately followed by -15-the next syllable For examples:

® += fa ~~ The half 3rd tone

hén pang

4) 9259819 — Pronunciations and tones

® Wi Read and learn

7) 3MKZIZ Complete the dialogues

B; Nï hăo!

Ni qu ydouju ji xin ma?

Bu qu Qu yinhdng qt qidn

AIläbóyù Déyũù

Eyi

Fayt

Hónguóyù

Riyt Xibanyayt dui

mingtian

jian

qu yóujú

ji

xin yinhang

qu qian

¬—

to learn; to study

English (language ) Arabic (language )

German (language )

Russian (language ) French (language ) Korea (language )

Japanese (language ) Spanish ( language )

right; OK; correct; true

Unaspirated voiceless palatal affricate The front part of the tongue is raised to palate The tongue-tip is pressed against the back of the lower teeth The air is squeezed out through the passage between the front of the tongue and the hard

palate, with no vibrations of vocal cords

g [te]

ThiHEH, 3Xết(, ì2&fff{ #il{'jj RE, BOS ET

Aspirated voiceless palatal affricate Its position is the same as that of j, but it requires strong aspiration

Mi

Ho FARA

Voiceless palatal fricative The front of the tongue is raised to a position near the hard palate The air stream is released in between with friction The vocal cords

do not vibrate

Finals

ia [ia | ie [ie] iao [ iau | iu [lau]

ian [ ien | in [in] iang [ian | ing [in]

ủ [y] ue Lye] van [ yen} un [yn]

y is added before the syllable beginning with U , and U is removed of the two dots

at the the top

When U, Ue, Uan and Un are spelled together with |, Q and x, they are removed

of the two dots at the top and written as;

U remains unchanged when spelled with n and I, e g

lũ, nủ

23-lou HiT AN FS ARMY Se a iu, Bilan:

iOU is written as iU if an initial is added, e g

liù

The modulation of “4”

The basic tone for “4X” is the 4th tone It changes to the 2nd when it is immedi-

ately followed by another 4th tone syllable;

bu he bu nan bù hăo bú qù

Hh >] Lianxi oO Exercises occ mre cee e eee e eee n eee eee e rere eeeeeeeeesseeessees x)

tian tian tian tian —— tiGn R

@ “A” ASE Modulations of “7K”

-24

qian qin

v

qi

qing qiu qido jũqí jùxíng lan mingtian xibian quanmian

(4 iAi% Read and learn

Pronunciations and tones

ju jiang

jing

quan qun

v

qu xing xiù

xI

jiũng jie jing xiUxi xuydao

qu qian jinnian qiadnbian

xinxian

4X AAA

Bu, xué Hanyu

: Ni qu youju ma?

, qu

: Mingtian jian!

Bu qu Qu yinhdng

; Míngtiãn jiùn†

L -4

1 '

Jintian xingqi’ér (yi, san, si, wt, liu, tian)

A: M&% & ABIL?

$4 Zhudnming Proper Name

three four where there

[iananmen (name of a square )

duo dui duan

scriptions of articulation

Unaspirated voiceless frontal-alveolar affricate First the front part of the tongue

is spread and is pressed against the upper alveolar ridge; then the tongue-tip moves apart to let out the air stream through the narrow passage The vocal cords

-31-Aspirated voiceless frontal-alveolar affricate The position of articulation is the

same as that of Z, but it requires strong aspiration

uan [ uan | un [ uon | uang [ uan | ueng [uon |

4] The ñnal -i [1]

The final -i in Zi, Ci and Si is the frontal-alveolar [7] It is represented by the letter i Since [i] never appears immediately after Z, C or S in Chinese putonghua,

the final -i cannot be pronounced as [i]

er and the retroflex final

@ BBM Retroflex finals

First put the tongue in the position for €, then when pronoucing er, slightly curl

up the tongue-tip Try to pronouce the following: