Fracturing treatment design process Problem well identification Treatment selection Treatment design Treatment result prediction Fluid selection Operational stimulation program
Trang 1Fracturing treatment design process
Problem well
identification
Treatment
selection
Treatment design
Treatment result prediction
Fluid selection
Operational stimulation program
Operational constraints
Scheduling and logistics
Site preparation
Job execution
Evaluation cycle
Proppant selection
Trang 2Real Time Pressure Analysis
¥ Nolte Fracture growth Analysis
Ð Log‐log diagnos>c plot
Trang 3KGD model
¥ High and short fractures
¥ Rectangular
¥ Decreasing Net pressure
PKN model
¥ Long and shallow fractures
¥ Ellip>cal
¥ Increasing Net Pressure
L(t)= 0.39
E ’ q 3
μhf4
1/5
t4/5 w
w = 2.18
μq 2 E’hf
1/5
t1/5
L(t)= q t
1/2
2
π 3 E’CLhf
1/4
t1/8 High Fluid leakoff
Low Fluid leakoff
ΔP = Pnet,w= 21μq
E’3 64πhfL2
1/4
ΔP = Pnet,w= 16μq
E’3 πh
f
1/4
L
L(t)= 0.38
E ’ q 3
μhf3
1/6
t2/3
ww= 1.48
μq 3 E’hf3
1/6
t1/3
Trang 4KGD model
¥ High and short fractures
¥ Rectangular
¥ Decreasing Net pressure
PKN model
¥ Long and shallow fractures
¥ Ellip>cal
¥ Increasing Net Pressure
L(t)= 0.39
E ’ q 3
μhf4
1/5
t4/5
L(t)= q t
1/2 2πCLhf
High Fluid leakoff
Low Fluid leakoff
ΔP = Pnet,w= c L 1/4
L(t)= 0.38
E ’ q 3
μhf3
1/6
t2/3
ΔP = Pnet,w= L 1/2
c
ΔP = c t⅕
ΔP = c t⅛
ΔP = t⅓
c
Trang 5100
1000
m=1/8 to 1/5 contained height
m = 0 Stable height growth
m= 1 Restricted height growth
m < 1 Rapid or unstable height growth
m > 1 Near well restriction
Pumping >me, min
Trang 6geometry
6
Source Cipolla and Wright 2000
Trang 7What Happened?
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:me (s)
KW‐7 main job
What Happened
Trang 1111