English 12 Unit 8

English 12 Unit 8English 12 Unit 8English 12 Unit 8English 12 Unit 8English 12 Unit 8English 12 Unit 8English 12 Unit 8English 12 Unit 8English 12 Unit 8English 12 Unit 8English 12 Unit 8English 12 Unit 8English 12 Unit 8English 12 Unit 8English 12 Unit 8English 12 Unit 8English 12 Unit 8English 12 Unit 8English 12 Unit 8English 12 Unit 8English 12 Unit 8English 12 Unit 8English 12 Unit 8English 12 Unit 8English 12 Unit 8

A – GLOSSARY

A Reading

- a pessimistic (n): người bi

quan

- pessimist(n) người bi quan

- optimist (n); người lạc quan

- terrorist['terərist]n)(adj)

- labor-savinga): tiết kiệm sức lao động

- wipe sth out v): xóa bỏ, hủy bỏ

- space shuttlen): tàu con thoi

- economic depression: suy thóai về kinh tế

- far [fa:]adv): nhiều

- medical system: hệ thống y tế

nhà

- for better or worse: bất chấp hậu quả ra sao

- micro-technologyn); công nghệ vi mô

thông

- to be bound to do sth: chắc chắnlàm cái gì)

- to have a huge influence on: có ảnh hưởng lớn đến

- linked['liηkt] to: được kết nối với

- to run on:tiếp tục chạy

- to be fitted with: được lắp đặt

- to be responsible to sb for sth

- contributionn)

-to better one’s own life: cải thện cuộc sống của chính

mình

- violent['vaiələnt]adj): bạo lực

- to force[fɔ:s]v): bắt buộc

- spacecraft['speis'krɑ:ft]n): tàu vũ trụ

- space station: trạm vũ trụ

- to bring about: xảy ra

- dramaticallyadv)

B Speaking

- holidaymakern): người đang đi nghỉ mát

- resort[ri:'zɔ:t]n): khu nghỉ mát

- Mars [ma:z]n): sao hỏa

- to declarev): tuyên bố

trụ=spaceman,cosmonaut

- citizen['sitizn]n); công dân

- fatal disease [feilt di’zi:z]: bệnh chết người

- costly['kɔstli]adv): đắt tiền, quí giá

C Listening

- incredible[in'kredəbl]adj): tuyệt vời= fantastic, unbelievable

- eradicate[i'rædikeit]v): thủ tiêu, tiệt trừ

- life expectancy[ laif iks'pektənsi]n): tuổi thọ trung bình

- eternal[i:'tə:nl]adj): vĩnh cữu, bất diệt

- eternal life(n)

- factor['fæktə]n); nhân tố

chữa được

- to be based on: dựa vào,căn cứ vào

- research[ri'sə:t∫, 'ri:sə:t∫]n): sự nghiên cứu

- to cut down: giảm bớt

- to add [æd] v): thêm vào

- to die from old age: chết vì tuổi già

- to affect[ə'fekt]v): tác động tới

- to be brought under control: bị chế ngự, bị kiềm chế

tưởng

D Writing

- to conflict with sth

- be under the threat of terrorism(v): trong sự đe dọa của

CN khủng bố

- harmony ['hɑ:məni]n): sự hòa hợp, hòa thuận

- materialistic[mə,tiəriə'listik]adj): theo CN vật chất

- ideal[ai'diəl]adj): lí tưởng

- peace [pi:s]n): hòa bình

- peaceful(adj)

- selfish[‘selfi] adj): ích kỉ

- to be similar to: giống nhau, tương tự

- to let sb down: bỏ rơi ai đó

- to face: đương đầu, đối phó

- the chemist’s[‘kemist]n): cửa hàng dược phẩm

- the butcher’s['but∫ə]n): cửa hàng thịt

B – GRAMMAR Articles (Mạo từ)

Mạo từ gồm có hai loại : - Mạo từ xác định (definite article): THE, và

- Mạo từ không xác định (indefinite articles): A, AN,

A, Mạo từ bất định (Indefinite unifies):

1 Use (Cách dùng): Mạo từ không xác định (Indefinite article) : A, An : chi được dùng với danh từ đếm được số ít e.g.: a pen, an orange,

a với nghĩa chung chung e.g.: A cat is an animal

b để mô tả, phân loại, và giới thiệu e.g.: The "Tuoi Tre" is a newpaper

c với nghĩa "ONE” e.g.: This is a big school

d Với danh từ chỉ nghề nghiệp số ít e.g.: I’m a pupil

e với danh từ chỉ bệnh tật (ở số ít), e.g.: He has a headache

f Với danh từ được nói đến lần đầu; khi được nhắc đến những lần sau, danh từ được đứng trước bởi "THE" e.g.: I see a strange man in the park The man looks like a German

g trong câu cảm thán (an exclamatory sentence) với “WHAT + danh từ số ít",

e.g.: What a nice house!

h với từ chỉ giá cả, tốc độ, sự năng diễn,

e.g.: $5 a pound, 50 km an hour, once a week,

i với cụm từ chỉ số lượng bất định : a couple, a little, a few, a lot of, a number of, a great deal of,

2 Trường hợp không dùng mạo từ bất định

a trước danh từ số nhiều và danh từ không đếm được

b Trước danh từ chỉ bữa ăn và thức ăn (nói chung)

e.g.: I usually have coffee in the morning

(Tôi thường uống cà phê vào buổi sáng.)

When do you often have breakfast?

(bạn thường ăn sáng khi nào)

B Mạo từ xác định (Definite article) : THE

1 Use (Cách dùng): THE được dùng :

a cho những vật duy nhất: the sun, the moon, the earth

b cho danh từ được xác định hay được nói đến lần thứ hai

c trước so sánh tuyệt đối (a superlative), và từ ONLY,

e.g.: This is the tallest building in the town

(Đây là cao ốc cao lớn nhất trong thành phố.)

d trước số thứ tự và những từ như : NEXT, LAST, SAME, RIGHT, WRONG

e.g.: Is this the first time you've come to Vietnam?

(Phải đây là lần đầu tiên bạn đến Việt Nam không?)

e trước danh từ chỉ nhạc cụ (musical instruments)

f Trước tên riêng : nhà hàng, khách sạn, viện bào tàng, thư viện, rạp chiếu phim, rạp hát, báo, tạp chí

g Trước địa danh : sông, hồ, đại dương, biển, sa mạc, tên quốc gia ở số nhiều hay liên bang)

h trước danh từ chỉ phương hướng : in the south, go to the north,

i tính từ và phân từ dùng làm danh từ: the rich, the injured, the young,

j danh từ chỉ tên cao ốc công cộng, tổ chức : the University of HoChiMinh City,

C Trường hợp không dùng mạo từ : THE, A, AN

e.g.: When did you go to school? He goes to bed after 11 pm

C – EXERCISES

PRACTICE

I Choose the word whose vowel sound is different from that of the provide one.

2 sort worse chore launch thought

II What do you call a person who…

1 Thinks that the worst thing will happen in every situation?

2 Uses violence in order to achieve political aims?

3 Is 100 years old or older?

4 Tends to expect that good things will happen?

5 Travels and works in space?

6 Wants to protect the environment?

7 Is traveling or visiting a place for pleasure?

8 Studies one or more of the natural science?

9 Has the legal right to belong to a particular country?

10 Has a job in politics, esp a member of the government?

III Complete each of the sentences with the correct form of the word form

the box.

Pessimist eradicate optimistic expected incredible

Eternal efficient terrorize expect depress

1 Inflation will never be completely……… from the economy

2 Public cooperation is vital in the fight against………

3 He is now so weak the doctors are……… about his chances of making a full recovery

4 The government expressed……… about the success of the negotiations

5 Many people lost their jobs in the great……… of the 1930s

6 Japanese people have a very high life………

7 Will the universe continue to expand……… ?

8 The inspectors were impressed by the speed and……… of the new system

9 Help came from an……… quarter

10 It was……… difficult to fit everyone in

IV Fill in blank with one appropriate word to complete the passage.

Ask most people (1)……… is happening to the world’s population and they are likely to say it is exploding Ask them (2)……… there will be enough food next century and they will say no Ask them (3)……… the world’s energy supplies and they will say they are running (4)……… and we will all be sitting in the dark and cold next century Ask them what they think (5)……… raw materials and they will say we are using them up (6)

……… a rate that will mean there are none (7)……… for our Grandchildren

These statements have two things (8)……… common They are too gloomy, if not about this century then the next And they are all wrong Or so it is persuasively argued in a book (9)……… tries to chart our future (10)

……… the next quarter century Most of the attention the book has received so far has concentrated (11)

……… its forecasts for Britain and the prospect (12)……… five million unemployed

V Fill in the blanks in the sentences below with the prepositions in, on or at.

1 John F Kennedy was the first president of the United States to be born……… the twentieth century

2 Fruit treets generally bloom……… April or May

3 Gettysburg, the greatest battle ever fought……… North America, took place……… July 1863

4 I like to shower……… the morning, but my roommate likes to shower……… night

5 The President lives…………the White House, which is located……… 1600 Pennsylvania Avenue ……… Washington, D.C

6 Many advertising egencies are located……… Madison Avenu………… New York City.

7 Mozart died………….Vienna……… 1791……… the age of 35

8 I saw several people I know………….the barbecue…….… Saturday afternoon

9 Leaves turn red and gold……… the autumn

10 Most college football games are played……… Saturdays

11 People remember the dead……… the anniversary of the terrorist attack

12 Lisa’s birthday is……… the end of March, ……… March 29

13 There will be lots of excitement……… the coming weeks

14 Dean Hughes office is……… the Administration Building……… the third floor

15 Crowds of football fans……… blue shirts were coming along the street

16 Did you hear that news……… television or read it……… the newspaper?

17 Videophones are not practical………… present, but they may be……… the near future

18 The members of a jury are chosen……… random from a list of voters

19 Mr Grigsby is……… charge of the marketing department

20 I’m sure he didn’t break the plate……… purpose

VI Put in the missing preposition.

1 The teacher says we’ve got to do the test, so there’s no point……… arguing……… it

2 They succeeded……… escaping……… the burning house

3 I am not interested……… anything that happened……… the very remote past

4 I wasn’t aware……… any problems……… the new design

5 The children are very fond……… swimming……… summer they spend most of their time……… the water

6 How are you getting……… at school? – I’m getting……… all right except……… English I’m very bad……… it

7 I’m sorry……… being late……… Monday

8 I’m not exactly keen……… cooking, but I prefer it……… washing up

9 I object……… being kept waiting Why can’t you be……… time?

10 I was so afraid……… missing the train that I took a taxi……… the station

11 I first learnt………… his decision to resign when it was announ……… the radio last night

12 I disapprove……… people who make all sorts……… promises which they have no intention ………… keeping

13 The government has agreed……… a puplic inquiry……… the Helicopter crash

14 Doctors are concerned……… the prospect……… heart patients having to wait up a year for surgery

15 I Think it’s important to become familiar……… cultures and customs different……… your own

16 It is good to be pleased……… ourselves and proud ……… Ourselves when we have done a good job

17 There is a severe lack……… affordable housing……… the city and many people are homeless

18 Benny Carter had a significant influence……… the development……… British jazz

19 I am against any form of cruelty……… animals and would support a ban……… hunting

20 She stared in amazement……… the sight that met her eyes – Dave had shaved all his hair………

VII Complete the sentences, using the information given Add suitable propositions and make any other grammatical changes if necessary.

1 The hotel gives you everything except a toothbrush!

It provides………

2 She looks like my cousin

She reminds me………

3 ‘Well done I’m so glad you’ve passed your exam.’

I congratulated her………

4 It’s wrong to keep offering people drinks

Don’t keep plying………

5 They said I’d borrowed the car without asking

They accused………

6 I’d like to meet your parents

Please introduce………

7 My aunt sent me a wonderful present

I must write and thank………

8 Some people ruin their ơn lives

But you fust can’t prevent………

9 £100 sounds reasonable for that camera Have you looked at prices in other shops?

Have you compared………

10 It’s not safe these dáy to make remarks about a woman’s appearance

Feminists think it is ‘sexist’ to compliment………

VIII Put a/ an, the or zero article (-) in the spaces Give all possible answers.

1 Last night we had……… terrible storm Our children were fright-ened by……… thunder

2 Frank Lloyd Wright is……… name of……… famous architect He is……… architect who designed……… Guggenheim Museum in New York

3 ……… happiness of the majority depends on……… hard work from everyone

4 It was……… day that would remain in my memory forever

5 ……… music plays an important part in……… film And I thought……… music used in this film was……… best part

6 ……… washing machine had had a huge impact on……… people’s lives since it was invented

7 ……… special award was given to……… novelist Ian McMurphy

8 It is……… sad fact that……… money buys political power in many countries

9 Do you remember……… Wilmotts? They used to live opposite us

10 ……… bicycle is……… important means of transport for many people with no access to……… public transport

11 ……… earthquake in……… south of the country has left thousands homeless

12 I don’t usually have……… breakfast, but I always eat……… big lunch

13 ……… World Wide Fund for Nature organized a major campaign to save……… tiger

14 We met our good friend…………Jean Wools when we were in ……… Plymouth

15 Margaret loved having holidays at……… seaside, but her doctor advised her to spend time in……… warm climate

16 He found himself………… face to………face with………… Lieutenant Evans

17 She was…….… first woman to cros………… Atlantic in ……… canoe

18 After she had……… leisurely dinner downstairs Julia played ………… piano for……… while

19 They are at.……… sea now They write that they are having………… marvelous time

20 When he was in……… hospital she could not get………permission to visit him

IX Insert a/ an, the or no article (-)

(1)……… world wildlife is in (2)……… danger (3)………reasons are complex – (4)

……… world’s population is expanding, and the increasingly (5)……… man is destroying more and more of (6)………… natural environment

(7)……… last dodo in (8)……… world died on (9)………… island of Mauritius in (10)

……… late seventeenth century Today, (11) ……… black rhino in Kenya could go (12)……… same way There is (13)……… world-wide trade - much of it illegal – in (14)……… animals and birds (15)

……… particular favorite, and one severely threatened with (16)……… extinction through smuggling is (17)

……… orang-utan, which only survives in (18)……… forests of Borneo and Sumatra

(19)……… fierce argument is now raging about how to protect (20) ……… most endangered species Some people argue that (21)………zoos, with their research work and breeding programmes, offer (22)

……… best hope, and (23)……… protection from international smugglers But some of (24)

……… older zoos have (25)……… disadvantage of (26)……… cramped city conditions, though (27)

……… zoo with (28)……… wide open spaces like Whipsnade Zoo in (29)……… Bedfordshire countryside north of London is seen as offering (30)……… pleasant habitat

X Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first Use the word in brackets.

1 Amy’s cold started last week, and she’s still got it (since)

Amy……….……

2 We moved here two years ago (for)

We………

3 I realized immediately that something was wrong (once)

I………

4 I last saw you at Liver’s party (since)

I………

5 When Sandra walked out of the meeting, she didn’t say goodbye to anyone (without)

Sandra left………

6 I don’t know them to speak to, though I’ve seen them (sight)

I only………

7 It’s months since I’ve bought any clothes (for)

I………

8 It’s six weeks now since the term began (ago)

The term………

9 I didn’t see her again for five years (before)

Five years………

10 What I want more than anything is peace and quiet (all)

What I want……….……

11 I didn’t mean to break the vase (purpose)

I……… ……

12 The film starts half an hour from now (in)

The film……… ……

TEST 1

Choose the word which is stressed differently from the rest.

3 a development b security c pessimistic d particular

5 a experience b technology c environment d optimistic

Choose a, b, c, or d that best completes each unfinished sentence, substitutes the underlined part, or has a close meaning to the original one.

6 Many teenagers show signs of anxiety and _ when being asked about their future.

7 Constant _ of attack makes everyday life dangerous here.

8 No one can predict the future exactly Things may happen _.

9 Someone who is _ is hopeful about the future or the success of something in particular.

10 There will be powerful network of computers which may come from a single computing _ that is worn on or in

the body

11 A _ is a spacecraft that is designed to travel into space and back to earth several times.

12 An economic is a time when there is very little economic activity, which causes a lot of unemployment and

poverty

13 In the future many large corporations will be wiped out and millions of jobs will be lost.

14 The more powerful weapons are, the more terrible the _ is.

15 The medical community continues to make progress in the fight against cancer.

16 Let's put off that meeting to next Monday.

17 A nuclear station may take risk going off due to unexpected incidents.

18 She is looking _ a new place to live because she does not want to depend _ her parents any more

19 I was brought _ in the countryside by my aunt after my parents had pass _.

20 Due to industrialization, we have to cope _ the fact that many species are _ danger _ extinction.

a over / at / for b at / upon / over c for / on / with d with / in / of

21 Boys! Put your toys It is time to go to bed Don't stay _ late.

22 She intended to quit her job to stay _ home and look _ her sick mother.

23 He is very worried _ his new job because he is not quite prepared _ working.

24 Instead _ petrol, cars will only run solar energy and electricity.

25 She has a promising future ahead _ her.

26 What are your plans for _ future?

27 Up to now, _ space exploring still remains _ very risky, complex, and expensive endeavor.

28 Within _ few years, _ private space travel has gone from concept to reality.

29 With its long days, lack of _ atmosphere, and wide-open spaces, _ moon would also make an ideal

place to put massive solar power plants

30 _technology is already present in the form of computers, printers, scanners, handheld devices, wireless

technologies, and Internet connections

Error Identification

31 Future is a time when most people assume that everything will keep getting better and future generations will enjoy

life in a more better world

D

32 Many optimist people have made predictions about the positive impact of the increasing mechanization on human life.

33 Imagine an entirely wireless world where the Net is "always on, always there", we live in endless sea of data, and

objects are alive with intelligent

D

34 Electricity is the most critical energy for the future of many countries and cheap, plentiful electricity is associated for

high employment and productivity

D

35 Our continuously economic growth, the maintenance of our quality of life and assurance of our security all depend

on a abundant, affordable supply of electricity

D

Read the passage carefully and choose the correct answer.

In the future, genetic engineering will allow us to create the perfect human It will be hard to get used to Parents will

order a baby who 'will grow up to become his new job because he is not quite prepared a genius or to have a Miss World appearance Also, genetic engineering will allow us to mix plants and animals.

As computers have advanced, they have helped us remember, calculate, organize, and clarify So it will become easier to deal with things, and much quicker At a point in a future time, some may claim that computers become about as smart as Newton or Einstein More advanced computers will be able to be creative, respond to feelings in a feeling way, develop intuition, recognize patterns, and suggest innovative alternatives There is a hope if we choose to take action We can select Internet information wisely, choose healthy computer games, limit our exposure to television commercials, and select television programs carefully People will be aware of the importance of keeping active, getting outside to do more physical activities We will also plan to make a major sacrifice the next time we buy a car, take the bus Everybody will be more concerned about making environmentally friendly choices, eating healthy, and helping build a healthier society by shopping at better stores that sell better food

Most people will be aware that a happy, loving family is a joy to be part of, and that it is a necessary foundation for building a strong society But it is extremely important for our future that we maintain a healthy perspective We need to value and appreciate the importance of what can be achieved by loving and committed parents People need a strong foundation, so it is vital for our society that we encourage parents to work at creating love, joy, and happiness for their children in a decent, stable, and productive atmosphere

36 How many aspects of life in the future are referred in the text?

37 Which aspect is not referred in the text?

38 The phrase to have a Miss World appearance means that _.

39 According to the text, in the future, _.

40 The last paragraph is about _.

Fill in each numbered blank with one suitable word or phrase.

Over the next 20 to 50 years, it will become harder to tell the (41) _ between the human and the machine All, body (42) _ will be replaceable Computers will function like the human (43) _ with the ability to recognize feelings and respond in a feeling way They will then produce fake people We will then be able to create a machine duplicate of ourselves (44) _ we will appear to be alive long after we are dead Maybe a few decades later, a way will

be found to transfer our spirit, including our (45) _ and thoughts, to the new body Then we can choose to live for as (46) _ as we want It might be expensive When it becomes possible to do a spirit transfer, they will figure out (47) _ to do them automatically So we will be able to reside within whichever duplicate we want, whenever we want Miniature robots will be built to travel through your blood (48) _ and repair damage Also, larger robots will be used when you are sick When you have an upset stomach, you will (49) _ a very small cherry tasting robot which will travel through your stomach taking video of the mess It will be set up like a video game, so you can control the exploring and the selection of images Then you can replay the video to help a doctor (50) _ your illness, or to prove

to your employer that you really, were sick

41 a variety b change c difference d appearance

45 a experience b memories c actions d health

TEST 2

Choose the word which has the underlined part pronounced differently from the rest.

Choose a, b, c, or d that best completes each unfinished sentence, substitutes the underlined part, or has a close meaning to the original one.

6 In the future, the number of tiny but _ computers you encounter every day will number in the thousands,

perhaps millions

7 Advances in computing _, from processing speed to network capacity and the internet, have revolutionized the

way scientists work

8 What will the relationship between computing and _ bring us over the next 15 years?

9 Someone who is _ thinks that bad things are going to happen.

10 Domestic chores will no longer be a burden thanks to the inventions of laborsaving devices

11 _ is the technology of sending signals and messages over long distances using electronic equipment, for

example by radio and telephone

12 Peter was asked to _ to a newspaper article making predictions for technological progress in 10 years.

13 Strict _ measures are in force in the capital to protect it from terrorism.

14 The of the future will no longer be remedial It will be preventive.

15 Doctors and pharmacists have to assume _ for human life.

16 If you have ever watched television, you have seen plenty _ drug ads.

17 The space shuttle crashed and went _ in flames.

18 Elevators in tall building make the top floors accessible _ everybody

19 While I am waiting _ my bus, I often listen _ music.

20 Those spacecrafts are used taking photographs _ space.

21 Will you take care _ my little dog when I am _ business?

22 According _ Bill, there's something wrong _ my computer.

23 He depends _ his sister _ assistance.

24 By 2015, it will be widely accepted that schools and pre-schools have _ extremely important role to play in

future of our world

25 On _ Internet and with cable television w e can select information from _ wide variety of sources.

26 There is one _ thing we can be sure: _ energy will be more challenging and more important in the

future

27 _ Europe and Asia are coming to rely more and more on nuclear generation.

28 He usually travels to _ Philadelphia by _ train.

29 You frequently see this kind of violence on _ television.

30 How do we know what _ universe is supposed to look like?

Choose the sentence which has the closest meaning to the original one.

31 I will take up golf this year.