English For Starter 10 industrial SB

5-8 word formation techniques; forming compound nouns Language Functions: describing computer parts; giving opinion Vocabulary:prefixes; computer terms Grammar: Present continuous tens

Students’ Book

English for Starters, Vocational Stream – Industrial

English for Starters, Vocational Stream – Industrial, is an English

language course that was specially written for vocational / industrial

secondary schools in Syria The course progresses from an intermediate level

of English in Grade 10 to an advanced level of English in Grade 12 The book

introduces students to concepts in industry; it assumes no prior knowledge

of industrial skills on the part of students and teachers

The course aims to review and consolidate the language and skills learnt

at previous levels and equip students for their future foreign language

needs in the following areas: language skills (reading, listening, speaking and

writing), grammar, vocabulary and industrial knowledge It enables students

to perform routine tasks at work and to take part in social interaction in an

Students’ Book

ﻡ٢٠١٥
¥
٢٠١٤

ﺔﻋﺎﺒﻄﻠﻟ
ﺔﻣﺎﻌﻟﺍ
ﺔﺴﺳﺆﻤﻟﺍ

Vocational Stream Industrial Grade 10

Page Title

Unit

5Electricity

1

9Computers and Operating Systems

2

13Mobile Phones

3

17Money and Banking

4

21Friendship

Culture and Values 1

22Measurements

5

26Electronics

6

30Heating and Air Conditioning

7

34Satellites

8

38Children's Rights

Culture and Values 2

39Safety

9

43Diesel Engines

10

47Alternative Energy

11

51Success in Life

12

55Volunteerism and the Red Crescent

Culture and Values 3

Review 56

Scope and Sequence

NEW SKILLS LANGUAGE

UNIT

labelling a picture; reading captions and matching them to the correct figure

Language Functions: describing processes Vocabulary: formal / informal phrases

Grammar: yes/no questions with be;

questions with what and who

1 Electricity

(pp 5-8)

word formation techniques; forming compound nouns

Language Functions: describing computer

parts; giving opinion

Vocabulary:prefixes; computer terms

Grammar: Present continuous tense;

possessive forms including ‘s

2 Computers and

Operating Systems

(pp 9-12)

making a summary

Language Functions: comparing mobile phones;

talking about what is allowed / not allowed;

describing the function of mobile phone parts;

fixing a date; comparing mobiles and telephones

Vocabulary: mobile phone terms; ordinal

numbers; months; dates

Grammar: present continuous for future

arrangements

3 Mobile Phones

(pp 13-16)

NEW SKILLS LANGUAGE

UNIT

listening for detail

Language Functions: asking for repetition;

talking about money

Vocabulary: formal words / phrases for banking;

Language Functions: explaining problems;

giving opinion; giving reasons

Vocabulary: measurement terms Grammar: present simple

Scope and Sequence

NEW SKILLS LANGUAGE

UNIT

drawing a flowchart; word formation

Language Functions: describing a cooling

system; giving opinion

Vocabulary: heating and air conditioning terms Grammar: countable / uncountable nouns

7 Heating and Air

Conditioning

(pp 30-33)

phoning to apply for a job; note-making; relating verbs, agent and concept nouns; job advertisement; job application letter

Language Functions: expressing similarity;

comparison and degree of difference

Vocabulary: radio components; adverbs;

conjunctions

Grammar: comparatives with than; as…as;

Adverbs of degree: far / slightly greater than;

relative clauses: in which and from where

manufacturing terms; weather terms

Grammar: past tense of to be

10 Diesel Engines

(pp 43-46)

developing ordering skills; completing a spidergram

Language Functions: describing processes;

showing cause and effect; talking about advantages and disadvantages

Vocabulary: cause and effect verbs; alternative

Language Functions: describing abilities;

classifying and defining

Vocabulary: work skills and attributes;

Electricity 1

5

A Dialogue

1 Read the dialogue then answer the

questions

Ahmed: Hi, Mounir Can you explain how the

burglar alarm on my window works?

Mounir: Well, Ahmed, on your window there’s

a small magnet Next to it, on the

window frame, there’s a metal switch

and two terminals The terminals are

attached to two wires and the wires

are connected to a battery and a

buzzer They make a simple circuit

When the window is closed, the switch

is next to the magnet The magnet

pulls the switch towards it This

closes the circuit and electricity flows

through it The buzzer does not sound

When the burglar opens the window, he

breaks the circuit The magnet moves

away from the switch and this allows

the spring to pull the switch back This

opens the circuit The open circuit

prevents the current from flowing

When this happens, the buzzer makes

a sound

Ahmed: But how does the buzzer sound when

there is no circuit?

Mounir: Because there is another circuit The

buzzer has its own circuit When the

window circuit opens, this makes the

buzzer circuit close

Ahmed: How does this happen?

Mounir: The buzzer circuit has its own

battery, an electromagnet and a relay

switch This is how it works: The

window circuit opens This causes the

electromagnet in the window circuit to

switch off The electromagnet releases

the relay switch on the buzzer circuit

This allows the spring to push the

switch

The buzzer circuit closes The current flows from the battery around the buzzer circuit This makes the buzzer produce a loud noise

Ahmed: OK, I understand the circuit But how

does the buzzer make a sound?

Mounir: That’s easy Here’s what happens.

The current flows through the buzzer circuit The current makes the electromagnet switch on The electromagnet pulls the metal strip away from the thin wire This causes the current to switch off again

When the current switches off, the electromagnet switches off This allows the metal strip to spring back towards the thin wire The metal strip moves quickly up and down This makes the loud buzzing noise

Ahmed: Thanks, Mounir I get it now.

Questions

1 How many circuits and electromagnets are

there?

2 What is an electromagnet?

3 How many switches are there?

4 What makes each switch open and close?

5 In your own words, explain how the burglar

alarm works

2 After reading the dialogue, label the circuit diagram using the words below.

battery buzzer spring switch terminal wire

B Listening

3 Listen and label the diagram with the words in the box.

battery cables controller lamps solar panel

4 Listen and match the items with their specifications.

7

C Grammar

5 Study the table then make questions using these words

Yes/No questions with to be

Is the switch on? Yes, it is

Is the alarm working? No, it isn’t

Is Mounir helpful? Yes, he is

Is the buzzer loud? No, it isn’t

Note: We write What is and Who is, but we say What’s and Who’s.

1 window / small magnet?

2 next to it / a metal switch?

3 window / closed?

4 the switch / next to the magnet?

5 the buzzer / making a sound?

6 Put these words in the correct order to make questions

1 What your language second is?

2 is the alarm? Who installing

3 What’s frame? the on window

4 switch? checked the Who

5 name of the your school ? What is

D Vocabulary

7 Match the following definitions with the words they describe

1 It produces a narrow beam of light and can a fibre optics

be used to read barcodes in a supermarket,

play compact discs, etc

made for a specific purpose

3 A pulse of light, current or sound, that is c junction electrical box

used to convey information

to calculate the distance of an object

transmission

6 The study of how robots are made and used f branch circuit

7 A circuit where the current has a choice of

8 A situation where the electrical current

takes an easier path than the one intended h device

9 A piece of equipment that stops an electrical

current if it becomes dangerous i radar

10 A connection point where several cables

E Matching

8 Read these captions Write in the figure numbers of the diagrams they describe

A Fig The person gets a shock because he touches the live wire in an earthed

system

B Fig This system is not earthed, but a tree touches the neutral wire and acts as an

earth The person touches the live wire As a result, he gets a shock

C Fig There are no trees in contact, and so this system is completely unearthed.

Because two people touch a wire, they both get a shock

D Fig The person touches the neutral wire in an earthed system, and as a result he

doesn’t get a shock

E Fig As this system is not earthed, the person can touch any wire without a shock.

F Fig In this non-earthed system, a tree touches the live wire and acts as an earth.Two people touch a wire One touches the neutral wire, and therefore gets a shock Theother touches the live wire Therefore he is safe

Salesman: Hello, sir How can I help you?

Client: Hello I need to buy a computer

but I don’t know anything about

computers

Salesman: I’ll help you sir You need to know

first that all computer systems

need two types of parts that work

together to make them run: the

hardware which is the part of the

computer you can touch and see,

such as the keyboard, mouse and

monitor, and the software which is

the part of the computer you cannot

touch, such as the programming

that makes the computer run

and control everything that the

computer does

Client: OK, I understand But, what should I

buy?

Salesman: You need to buy a monitor (the

display screen), the keyboard (what

you type on), the mouse (the small

handheld device that attaches to

the computer), and the computer

tower or case (the heart of the

system)

Client: So, when I buy all the hardware, my

computer is set to start working?

Salesman: Almost! You still need to install the

software on it: there are two kinds

of software that help the computer run: the operating system and the applications An operating system is the base program on a computer It tells the computer how to work or operate The operating system also allows you to load other programs that do specialised tasks on to your computer Applications are programs put onto the computer

to do specialised tasks such as Word (used to type letters and more complicated documents) and Explorer (used to explore the Internet) and many others

Client: Thank you, young man, for your

help; I think I am going to buy a computer now that I know more about it

Questions

1 How many parts does a computer have?

2 Describe each in your own words

3 Can one part work without the others?

4 Do you think the information given to the client is enough for him to buy a computer? Explain

B Listening

2 Fill in the blanks while listening to the text about networks.

A network includes techniques, physical connections and computer programs It is used to

(1) two or more computers

Network users can share files, printers and other resources, send (2) and run programs on other computers

Each network operates according to a set of computer programs called network

(3) for computers to talk to one another Computer networks can now be

(4) efficiently through gateways The biggest network is the

(5) It consists of a large number of smaller interconnected networks called

internets These internets may (6) tens, hundreds, or thousands of computers

They can share information with each other, such as (7) of information The

Internet allows people all over the world to (8) with each other effectively and

inter- between Internet, interconnect, interactive, internationalintra- within intranet, e.g company intranet

trans- across transmit, transfer, transaction

co-/com-/con- with combine, compatible, connect, configure

up- up (to Internet) upload

down- down (from

Internet) download, downtime, i.e when the network is down (not working)

3 Study the table then complete the words in the following sentences by adding the prefix inter-, intra-, trans-, com-, con-, up- or down-.

1 Last month computer time cost the company over 100.000 S.P in lost

production

2 The computers in the production department have now been successfully

connected with those in the planning department.

3 Once you have completed payment details the data will be mitted via a secure

link

4 We cannot network these computers because the systems are not patible.

5 Many companies distribute internal documents on their own net.

6 Once the home page has been completed, we’ll be ready to load the site.

7 Cables are being laid throughout the building as the network requires physical

nections.

8 Using the network, he was able to bine the data from different reports.

D Grammar Present continuous tense

Form this tense with the verb be + -ing

EXAMPLES

I am (not) printing.

It is (not) working.

We are (not) coming.

We use this tense when we talk or write about temporary

Computers and Operating Systems

11

4 After reading the above table, ask and answer about your friends in class

Example

A Is your friend printing the document?

B No, he isn’t He is writing.

A Is the teacher speaking?

B Yes, he is He is explaining the lesson.

5 Which sentences are true now? Correct the untrue sentences

1 The teacher is standing at the front

2 None of the students are talking

3 The sun is shining

4 We are all wearing the same clothes

Possessive ’s

Short form of to be Possessive form

It’sThat’s Omar’s Helen’s

6 Is the (‘s) in each sentence a short form or a possessive form?

1 This is Huda’s display screen

2 Susan isn’t here

3 What’s the problem with the network?

4 It’s Omar’s computer

E Computer talk

7 Combine one word from A and one word from B and match it with the appropriate phrase in C

create products a monitor will do this on a computer screen

central information this describes the format of 0 and 1 in which

information is storedsoftware processing unit these enable a computer to perform word

processing, to create databases, and to manipulate numerical data

display card when two or more components are combined and

then incorporated into a single packagedigital files to make new programs, utilities or documentsexpansion network a group of electronic machines connected by

cables or other means which can exchange information and share equipment (such as printers and disk drives)

integrated data the principal microchip that the computer is built

aroundcomputer circuits you plug this into a slot to add features such as

video, sound, modem and networking

8 Complete each gap in the following text with a phrase from the table in Exercise 7.

1 The computer monitor will so you can see it on screen

2 Information is stored on a computer as

3 Spreadsheet and graphic software are examples of

4 Digital communications and have allowed developments in hardware to be made

5 In order to organise data you should where you can store data

6 When several computers are linked together you have a

7 The part of the computer which interprets and carries out instructions is the

8 An can be inserted in your computer to give your computer extra capabilities

F Reading

9 Read the following text and answer the questions.

Questions and answers about operating systems

What are the three main purposes of an operating system?

● To provide an environment for a computer user to execute programs on computer hardware

in a convenient and efficient manner

●To allocate the separate resources of the computer as needed to solve the problem given

●As a control program it serves two major functions: (1) supervision of the execution of user programs to prevent errors and improper use of the computer, and (2) management of the operation and control of some devices

What are the main differences between operating systems for mainframe computers and personal computers?

Generally, operating systems for mainframe computers have simpler requirements than

for personal computers Mainframe computer systems do not have to be concerned with interacting with a user as much as a personal computer As a result, an operating system for a PC must be concerned with response time for an interactive user Mainframe computer systems do not have such requirements A mainframe computer system also may not have

to handle time sharing, whereas an operating system for a PC must switch rapidly between different jobs

What is the main difficulty that a programmer must overcome in writing an operating system for a real-time environment?

The main difficulty is keeping the operating system within the fixed time constraints of a time system If the system does not complete a task in a certain time frame, it may cause a breakdown of the entire system it is running Therefore when writing an operating system for a real-time system, the writer must be sure that his scheduling schemes do not allow response time to exceed the time constraint

real-Questions

1 Find in the text words that mean:

a suitable b perform c crash d supply e stop

2 Fill the table with the differences between operating systems for mainframe computers and personal computers

Mainframe computer Personal computer

3 Rewrite the answer for the third question in the text in your own words

4 Research, on the Internet, the topic ‘operating systems’ and report to the class what you found

5

10

15

20

Mobile Phones 3

13

A Dialogue

1 Read the dialogue then answer the questions

Salah: Mobile phones used to be very large

and heavy, but this new model is

small and very light

Customer: Yes, I can see that Does it come in

blue?

Salah: This model comes in three colours:

red, blue, and green

Customer: Ok, good Is the antenna long? And

is the screen small?

Salah: Not at all The new model has a

large screen and a short antenna

Customer: That is much better!

Salah: Sure it is Let me describe to you

the main buttons of the new model:

below the screen is the power

button Beside the power button

are the start button on the left and

the stop button on the right Below

these buttons are two menu buttons

and the ten number keys

Customer:Thank you for your help

Questions

1 Draw a table that compares old mobile

phones to new ones

2 Label the mobile phone below, relying on

Salah’s description Use the following words:stop button, cover, menu buttons, antenna,number keys, mouthpiece, earpiece, powerbutton, start button, screen

3 Complete the table below about the faults

in this mobile phone

(1) antenna The antenna is bent.(2) screen

(3) cover(4) number keys(5) body

B Listening

2 Listen to the sentences about preventing and allowing tips regarding mobile phones Then

match (1-5) with (a-e)

1 The LCD on a mobile phone a prevents you from hearing your own voice

3 The screen on the mobile phone c allows you to send a large number of signals

very quickly under land and sea

4 The duplex coil on the telephone d prevents sharp objects from scratching or

C Vocabulary

3 Match the following words with their functions

base station mobile exchange mobile phone tower

a This is located in the centre of a cell, and consists of a tower and radio equipment in a

small building

b This is a structure which has the job of transmitting and receiving radio waves to and from

mobile phones It also communicates with the mobile exchange

c This building has the purpose of communicating between two cells when a mobile phone

user is moving from one cell into another It links together all the cells in a city

D Fixing a date

4 Complete the dialogue The information below will help

A: Let’s meet on Monday the 23rd.

B: I can’t How about the day after that?

B: Half past four?

We use ordinal numbers with dates.

1st first 20th twentieth 30th thirtieth2nd second 21st twenty-first 31st thirty-first3rd third 22nd twenty-second

4th fourth 23rd twenty-third5th fifth 24th twenty-fourth6th sixth

7th seventh8th eighth9th ninth10th tenth11th eleventh12th twelfth13th thirteenth14th fourteenth15th fifteenth

5 Practise the dialogue in pairs Use different dates and times

Mobile Phones

15

E Vocabulary

Months

6 Answer the questions

1 Which month is directly before July?

2 Which month is directly after November?

3 Which is the second month?

4 Which is the ninth month?

7 Work in pairs Ask and answer eight more questions as in Exercise 6

Dates

1st January 4th March the first of Januarythe fourth of March

8 Say these dates.

Present continuous and time phrases

We use the present continuous to talk about future appointments

9 Make questions with the verb in the present continuous Add a preposition (on, in or at) if necessary

1 What time - she - arrive - Thursday? What time is she arriving on Thursday?

2 Who - buy - a mobile phone?

3 Where - you - go - to fix your mobile

The basic parts of a mobile phone are as follows: a microphone, a speaker, a screen (containing an LCD), a keypad, an antenna, a battery and a circuit board The function

of the microphone, the speaker and the keypad are the same or similar to those of a telephone The purpose of the LCD is to show numbers and names The screen protects the LCD The circuit board supports and links together a microprocessor and computer chips The microprocessor has many functions One is to convert signals from analogue

to digital or from digital to analogue Another is to amplify sound A third is to transmit and receive signals.

The mobile phone system works as follows A whole city is divided into a number of hexagonal cells Each cell has a base

station, which consists of a mobile

phone tower and radio equipment

Each tower transmits at low power only

over a small distance (about 25 km)

Each mobile phone also transmits at

very low power to the nearest base

station All the base stations in the

city are connected to a single mobile

exchange.

Imagine you are driving through a city,

using your mobile phone You are

moving from Cell 1 into Cell 2 (see

Figure 1) As you move toward the edge

of Cell 1, your cell’s base station senses

that your signal strength is becoming

weaker Meanwhile, the base station

in Cell 2 sees that your phone’s signal strength is increasing The two base stations communicate with each other through the mobile exchange Then, as you drive out

of Cell 1 into Cell 2, the mobile exchange tells your phone to change frequency Your phone then starts to communicate with Cell 2 on the new frequency.

Questions

1 What do the following words refer to?

those [line 6] One [line 9] Another [line 10] A third [line 10]

2 What makes a telephone different from a mobile phone in transmission?

3 Is there a similarity between a mobile phone and a telephone?

4 Summarise how the mobile phone system works.

Money and Banking 4

17

A Dialogue

1 Listen and read the dialogue in a bank Then fill in the form

Banker: Good morning! How can I help you?

Salah: I’d like to open a bank account, please

Banker: Right What kind of account – current or savings?

Salah: I need a current account and I’d also like a credit card and a debit card

Banker: I see I’ll take down your personal details in a minute Will you need an overdraft?

Salah: Will I need a what? Sorry? I didn’t catch that.

Banker: An overdraft Some customers know in advance that they will need an overdraft.

Salah: No, I probably won’t need one Not at first, anyway.

Banker: We have a Privilege Account It only costs £6 a month and you get lots of free benefits,

like travel insurance and a £100 overdraft, should you

ever need one

Salah: I’m sorry I’m really only interested in free banking.

Banker: I see Are you a student?

Salah: No, I’m on a work assignment in London with an

affiliate company I’ll be here for at least a year

Banker: I see I’d like to suggest our standard Current Account.

That will give you free banking providing you stay in

credit Are you interested in Internet banking?

Salah: Not for now My office is just round the corner, so it’s

quite easy for me to get to the bank during opening

hours

Banker: OK I’ll put a leaflet in your information pack, in case

you change your mind

Questions

1 How long will Salah stay in London?

a 1 month b 3-6 months c 6-12 months d 12+ months

2 Why isn’t Salah interested in Internet banking?

3 How does Salah get the banker to repeat something? (3 phrases)

4 Underline the three phrases in the dialogue that mean ‘if … ’.

5 Why do you think the banker recommends the Privilege Account?

a Because customers like free benefits b Some people cannot obtain an overdraft.

c The bank makes bigger profits from this account d Free banking is not very popular.

6 Which account would be most suitable for a student, a person with a family and an office

worker?

TICK TYPE OF ACCOUNT REQUIRED

CURRENT ACCOUNT

Privilege

(Subscription @ £6 p.c.m.)

Current (with overdraft facilities)

Cashminder (no overdraft facilities)

Saving account

Visa credit card

Debit card

B Listening

2 Listen to the dialogue about banks and

note the information in the pie chart

3 Calculate the missing percentage

C Asking for repetition

Asking politely for repetition

(I’m) sorry? / Pardon?

Excuse me? / Pardon me?

Asking for repetition with a Wh- question

‘Can I speak to Helen?’ ‘(To) who?’

‘I don’t like his suit.’ ‘His what?’

‘Your appointment’s for Monday.’ ‘For when?’

If you are not sure that you heard correctly,

or are surprised

‘I have a message for you.’

‘A message? For me?’

If you have forgotten what somebody said

‘What’s the number of the street again?’

4 Ask politely for repetition for the following

sentences

Example

A Your plane leaves at 8:40.

B Pardon? When?

A Eight forty in the morning.

1 I’ve got a packet here for Ms Scotfree.

2 Could you put me through to the Loans

Department?

3 The office is on the 27th floor.

4 Your taxi is here, sir.

5 The room rate is 5,520 S.P a night.

6 The overdraft rate is 11.5%.

5 Practise in pairs Take it in turns to ask for

repetition

1 Give your partner an address.

2 Give your partner an email address.

3 Give your partner directions.

4 Give a colleague a message.

5 Tell your friend a place to meet in town.

6 Tell your partner about a film / book /

video you enjoyed

D Talking about money

6 Complete the sentences and questions with

a word or phrase from the box

coin bills coins p.a change supplythe money note to the pound once a year

2 To make a phone call, put a 20p

in the slot

coins

5 Could you give me two ten-dollar

for this twenty, Ma’am? ($20)

6 I found this 500 S.P in yourjacket pocket

7 Interest is added to the account

1 How would you like the money?

You might hear that in a bank.

8 Learn the following words for US coins

1 cent penny

5 cents nickel

10 cents dime

25 cents quarter

Money and Banking

19

E Vocabulary

9 Find formal words / phrases in the box for the words / phrases in italics.

completeavailable free of chargetariff requiretypically occasionallyadvise

1 Are statements free or do I have to pay for them?

2 This is our list of charges for current accounts.

3 From time to time, we open half an hour later on Wednesday mornings.

4 The cashiers are usually busiest at lunchtime on Saturdays.

5 When is the Loans Manager, free?

6 Would you please fill in this form, Sir?

7 We will tell you about any changes in interest rates on your deposit account.

8 Will you need a Debit Card to use with your current account?

your expenses.this column

those papers

the account

Give me the papers

Spell your surname

Send your C.V

10 Work in pairs: A gives an instruction and B follows the instruction.

Example A Give me the papers.

B I’m sending them by fax.

A Don’t look at this column.

B I’m not looking at it I am looking at my expenses.

After five instructions, B gives five instructions and A follows them

11 Write a or an or the where necessary.

1 Our offices are in Damascus

2 They are in large building

3 bank is near the university in Damascus

4 My office is on first floor

6 There is cash machine on ground floor and another one outside on

G Reading

12 Read the list of FAQ*s about Internet banking and answer the questions.

What does the service cost to use?

•

The Internet Banking Service is free of charge However, Customer Service Request options, e.g extra statements, do attract a charge, which is shown on the bank’s standard tariff

What do I need to use the service?

•

Firstly, you need to have a Downtown Bank Account and an email address

When is the Internet Banking Service available?

•

The service is available 24 hours a day, every day of the year However,

occasionally we need to do routine maintenance on the service and this is done typically between the following times:

Monday - Saturday: 03:00 - 03:30 Sunday: 12:00 - 06:00

A message will be displayed on your screen to advise you if the service is not

Which personal accounts can I see online?

•

You should be able to see all your personal accounts when you log onto the service

Will I still receive paper statements?

Balances change as soon as transactions are passed to the account

Is the service safe and secure?

•

The Internet Banking Service is protected by several layers of security, including two layers of encoding technology

Questions

1 What kind of services will you have to pay for?

2 Will you always have access to the online banking service?

3 How can customers open an account?

4 Can other people (in addition to yourself and the bank) find out details about your account?

5 What does ‘this’ (line 9) refer to?

a make Internet banking available b do repairs

6 ‘should the situation change’ (line 22) means:

7 What are the main advantages of Internet Banking for banks and customers?

*Frequency Asked Questions

Culture and

21

Friendship

Read the following dialogue and answer the questions

We asked some women what they believe about friendship and they replied in the following ways.

Woman one: Friendship begins at home I consider my sister a close friend But for others, family

bonds aren’t as tight Many people feel closer to their friends than they do to their sisters.

Woman two: Friends don’t need to have everything in common.

Woman three: Many people say that they can rely on their friends to be there for them no matter

what The favours extend both ways I would drop everything to help my best friend through a

crisis Many good friends would donate an organ or bone marrow to a sick friend But I would not

tell a lie for a friend’s sake

Woman four: Not all friendships last forever; I’ve parted ways with a good pal at some point

Some would outgrow each other, and others may split over an unforgivable act.

Questions

1 Give each of the women’s answer the right title

It Takes All Kinds

Bye, Bye, Bye

Is Blood Really Thicker?

Anything for a Pal

2 Match the words from the text with their meaning

What do you think?

How could you have handled the situation better? What do you think Susan should do?

i

Ahmed: How tall is this building?

Builder: It’s 15 metres tall.

Ahmed : What shape is the main entrance?

Builder: It’s semi-circular in shape.

Ahmed: How wide is it?

Builder Its width is four metres.

Ahmed: What shape are the openings at the

top?

Builder: They’re oval in shape.

Ahmed: How high are they?

Builder They’re four metres high.

Ahmed: What shape are the windows at the

top?

Builder: They’re rectangular in shape.

Ahmed: What is their height?

Builder: Their height is 0.8 metres.

Ahmed: And how wide are they?

Builder: They’re 1.5 metres in width.

Questions

1 Explain the difference between its and it’s

2 Explain the difference between their and

they’re.

B Explaining the problem

2 Make sentences like the following example:

The bridge is 2.7 metres high, but the lorry is 2.9 metres high The lorry is too high for the bridge.

1 height of bridge: 2.7 m; height of lorry:

4 Complete the table.

5 Complete the sentences with the correct word in brackets

1 The of the road is 6 m (wide / width)

2 The river is 230 km (long / length)

3 The sea has a of 330 m (deep / depth)

4 These pylons are over 80 m (high / height)

5 These oil wells are more than 700 m (deep / depth)

6 The total of the road is about 120 km (long / length)

7 The tunnel is 15 m (wide / width)

8 The of the bridge is 130 m (high / height)

6 What do these terms measure? Choose the most important one for each system.

distance speed location height depth

E Grammar

The present simple tense

We use the present simple tense for things that are true all the time (I like ice-cream) and for things that we do regularly (She travels to work

Question Short Answer Negative

Do you like ? Yes, I do No, I don’t I don’t like

Does he like ? Yes, he does No, he doesn’t He doesn’t like

7 Read about an architect’s day Then ask and answer, like the examples

builders

5 p.m goes home

Example 1

A When does he start work?

B He starts work at nine o’clock.

Example 2

A Does he start work at eight?

B No, he doesn’t He starts work at nine.

A Does he visit building sites in the morning?

B Yes, he does.

8 Write four sentences about the working day of a person you know

25

F Reading and Writing

9 Work in pairs Read the text, then discuss the invention Do you think people will buy it? Give your reasons Make notes of your discussion

● compare it with (a) a normal car and (b) a small aircraft

● list (a) its strengths and (b) its weaknesses

at a speed of 185 kph for 740 km on a single tank of fuel The tank holds 76 litres

of super-unleaded petrol In car mode, it can cover 17 km per litre of fuel, and can travel at normal car cruising speeds, but it has only two seats and no space for luggage The cost of the road-ready plane is approximately £ 75,000

10 Reply to this email from your company director Use the notes from your discussion

3 Comparison with small plane

4 Comparison with car

6

A Dialogue

1 Read the dialogue and then answer the questions

Lecturer: Today our lesson is about electronics Salah, can you give me some examples of

electronic devices?

Salah: Yes There are TVs and their remote controls, mobile phones and transistors.

Lecturer: That’s right Thank you, Salah Samer, can you tell me what electronic devices are used

for?

Samer: Well, we use TVs to watch shows and their remote controls to switch from one channel

to another We need mobile phones to talk to our friends and transistors to listen to music or the news So, I guess electronic devices are useful in communication,

entertainment and control

Lecturer: Very good Thank you, Samer.

Questions

1 Name examples of electronic devices that are not mentioned in the dialogue.

2 List the function(s) of the electronic devices that you have listed in 1.

B Listening

2 Listen and put the words and phrases into one of the three categories below

1 has enabled people to survive in space.

2 Communications systems for aircraft and ships are dependent on

4 Industrial processes have been made more efficient through the use of

5 Ships and aircraft require to find their way

6 such as washing machines and dishwashers contain electronic circuits

4 Choose the correct word in the following sentences

1 Transistors / inductors are the key component in electronics.

2 They consist of three layers of silicon semiconductor/superconductor.

3 All electronic/electrical systems consist of input, a processor and output, and usually

memory

4 The input receives/resists and converts information while the output converts and supplies

electronically processed information

5 The memory may not be present in simple systems, but its function is the storage /

transmission of information for the processor.

6 Continual developments in electronics give us increased reliability/recovery in electronic

devices

7 Electronic equipment controls microprocessors/microwaves in, for example, weapons

systems, cellular radiotelephone systems and domestic appliances

8 Electronic devices have improved our lives by providing high quality communication/ combination and entertainment.

5 Use the word in brackets to form a word which fits in the sentence

making it audible (amplify)

2 Computer games are just one example of electronic systems being used for (entertain)

3 Due to developments in mobile telecommunications systems, a new of mobile phone is now available (generate)

5 Computer software is if it does what the manual says it should (rely)

6 One area of electronics is concerned with the of information (store)

7 The of signals to satellites is made by microwaves (transmit)

8 A computer chip is capable of holding vast amounts of information (store)

D True or false?

6 Say whether the following are true or false Correct the false sentences.

Example a FALSE The motor turns wheel A, which turns wheel B.

a Wheel A turns the motor, which turns wheel B.

b Wheel A is turned by the motor, which also turns wheel C.

c Piston A pushes piston B, which pushes the oil.

d The foot is pushed by the brake pedal, which is pushed

by piston A

e Gear C is turned by gear B, which is turned by gear A.

f Gear D is turned by gear A, which also turns gear B.

E Electrical circuits

7 Look at this diagram, and match the questions

and answers below

Example a You push the mains switch.

a How do you turn off the whole current? 1 You push up switch 3.

b How do you switch off the ceiling lights? 2 You insert the adapter into socket 1.

c How do you operate the hi-fi system? 3 You push the mains switch.

d How do you measure the flow of current? 4 You put the plug into socket 2.

e How do you turn on the notebook computer? 5 You plug it into the transformer.

1 What time (leave) the train to London?

What time does the train to London leave?

2 She often (leave) the remote control on top of the television.

3 Can you help me? I (look for) the electronics department.

4 (you meet) him in at the aeronautics conference?

G Reading

9 Read this passage quickly and answer the questions

How communication satellites work

Satellites which receive and transmit TV and radio signals are called communications satellites These satellites can receive TV and radio signals from one continent and then transmit them to

another They stay in a geostationary orbit above the earth This means that they orbit above the equator at the same speed as the Earth spins

Communications satellites have at least two radio dishes One of these (the transmit dish) is for transmitting signals The other (the receive dish) is for receiving signals

A transmit dish on Earth sends signals to the satellite, which then transmits signals back to

millions of TV satellite dishes on Earth

A dish consists of a reflector, a horn and cables The reflector is parabolic in shape This is how

it works The transmit horn (on Earth) sends outgoing signals to the transmit reflector, which reflects them into a radio beam This is then sent to the receive reflector (on the satellite), which reflects the incoming signals onto the receive horn From here they travel along cables

into the satellite

On the satellite, signals are then sent via cables to the transmit horn from where they travel

to the transmit reflector

Questions

1 Label the diagram Each label consists of two words Use words from the list

horn beam reflector transmit receive radio

2 Which words in the passage do the following words refer to?

The two present tenses

Present simple tense Permanent situations or routines

Examples

Mathematical methods are integral

to the study of electronics

I have an account at this bank

Timetables Examples

The next electronics conference is on July the 1st.What time does it arrive?

Present continuous tense Temporary things happening now

Examples

This heater isn’t working

Are you calling him?

Appointments and arrangements Examples

I’m meeting him tomorow.When is he turning the AC on?

5

10

15

Heating and

Air Conditioning

7

A Dialogue

1 Read the dialogue, then answer the questions

Lecturer: Right Now let’s look at this diagram of the solar water heater system Can you see it

clearly? The main parts of this system are water pipes, a solar water panel, a water tank,

an inlet, a valve and a shower heading

Student: Excuse me, sir Which one is the tank?

Lecturer: Well, the tank is above the solar panel, OK?

Student: How does the system work?

Lecturer: Cold water enters the system through the inlet,

into the tank and then into the solar panel The

sun heats the water in the panel The hot water

rises and flows from the panel to the tank In

the tank, hot water stays at the top and cold

water sinks to the bottom When you open the

valve, hot water flows from the tank, through

the valve, to the shower head from where it

finally leaves the system

Questions

1 Which way does the water flow in this system? Draw arrows to show

the direction of the flow

2 What do the words in bold refer to?

B Listening

2 Listen and circle the correct answer.

4 Coldest air temperature ever? -89°C (-128°F) -20°C (-4°F)

5 Hottest air temperature ever? 70°C (156°F) 58°C (136°F)

6 Water in running car engine? 110°C (230°F) 45°C (110°F)

4 Complete the following table.

condense

decompression

evaporatorextract

operation

refrigerator

E Grammar

5 Study the information in the box Then complete the dialogues

Countable and uncountable nouns

Countable nouns are things that we can count

Examples There are four pumps How many machines are there?

There are two pipes.

Countable nouns have singular and plural forms

Unit nouns are words like roll, box, packet, sheet, and are followed by of.

They have a singular and a plural form and they are countable

Examples I need a box of blades.

He doesn’t have two rolls of plastic.

Uncountable nouns are things that we can’t count Plastic, air and moisture are uncountable in English We can count bottles of liquid, but we can’t count liquid Uncountable nouns have no plural form

Examples There is some pressure Is there any vapour? How much liquid is there?

1 A There are some fans.

A Not many Just four.

B How elastic bands are there?

A Not many Just packets

The machine is based on the two principles of the refrigeration cycle: (1) when a gas is compressed, it condenses, evaporates, and gives out heat, and (2) when a liquid is expanded,

it evaporates, and absorbs (or takes in) heat

The main parts of a heat pump are a compressor, an expansion valve, two fans, a reversing valve and two sets of coils, one on the outside and the other on the inside of the building The coils are thin pipes which are bent into a U-shape many times They can absorb and give out heat

The compressor pumps a special fluid called a refrigerant around the coils The refrigerant

5

10