English For Starter 10 girls SB pdf

Scope and SequenceNEW SKILLS LANGUAGE UNIT reading friendship proverbs; talking about the characteristics of true friendship Language Functions: giving opinion agreeing / disagreeing; l

Students’ Book

English for Starters, Vocational Stream – Girls’

English for Starters, Vocational Stream – Girls’, is an English

language course that was specially written for vocational / girls’ secondary

schools in Syria The course progresses from an intermediate level of English

in Grade 10 to an advanced level of English in Grade 12 The book introduces

students to concepts in practical girls’ skills; it assumes no prior knowledge

of these skills on the part of students and teachers

The course aims to review and consolidate the language and skills learnt at

previous levels and equip students for their future foreign language needs in

the following areas: language skills (reading, listening, speaking and writing),

grammar, vocabulary and practical girls’ skills It enables students to perform

routine tasks at work and to take part in social interaction

Students’ Book

  

Vocational Stream Girls’ Grade 10

Contents

Page Title

Unit

5 Friendship

1

9 Human and Children’s Rights

2

13 Family Hygiene

3

17 Healthy Life and Healthy Food

4

21 Sewing Machines

Fashion Corner 1

22 Food Preservation

5

26 Setting the Table

6

30 Money and Currencies

7

34 Buying and Selling

8

38 Threads and Stitches

Fashion Corner 2

39 Incomes and Salaries

9

43 Women and Work

10

47 Work in the Future

11

51 Success in Life

12

55 Textiles

Fashion Corner 3

56

Review

Scope and Sequence

NEW SKILLS LANGUAGE

UNIT

reading friendship proverbs; talking about the characteristics of true friendship

Language Functions: giving opinion

agreeing / disagreeing; listing friendship characteristics

Vocabulary: characteristics of true friendship;

friendship proverbs

Grammar: yes/no questions with be; questions

with what and who

Language Functions: giving opinion

Language Functions: talking about food

preferences; describing a process; asking questions about healthy eating habits; giving advice

Vocabulary: food items on the food pyramid Grammar: imperatives; articles

4 Healthy Life and

Healthy Food

(pp 17-20)

putting steps in the correct order; reading about food preservation

Language Functions: talking about food

preferences; describing a process; giving instructions

Vocabulary: food preservation techniques Grammar: present simple

5 Food Preservation

(pp 22-25)

describing how to set a table; talking about table manners

Language Functions: describing a process;

asking and answering questions

Vocabulary: etiquette and table manners Grammar: the two present tenses

6 Setting the Table

(pp 26-29)

NEW SKILLS LANGUAGE

UNIT

Scope and Sequence

NEW SKILLS LANGUAGE

UNIT

NEW SKILLS LANGUAGE

UNIT

listening for information; completing a graph

Language Functions: talking about the

responsibilities of a writer; interviewing making guesses

Vocabulary: work idioms

Grammar: past tense of be

10 Women and Work

(pp 43-46)

listening and taking notes

Language Functions: making future plans;

comparing; making predictions

Vocabulary: work idioms; adjectives and their

Language Functions: describing abilities;

classifying and defining

Vocabulary: work skills and attributes;

classification words

Grammar relative clauses (defining)

12 Success in Life

(pp 51-54)

listening for details

Language Functions: asking for repetitions

talking about money

Vocabulary: formal words/phrases for banking;

percentages and discounts

Language Functions: taking orders by phone

helping customers in a shop

Vocabulary: collective nouns Grammar: question words

8 Buying and Selling

(pp 34-37)

using money idioms

Language Functions: making offers;

giving opinion; comparing

Vocabulary: money idioms Grammar: one and some

1 Friendship

A Dialogue

1 Read the dialogue then answer the questions.

During a talk show, some women were asked about what they think of friendship They replied in the following ways:

Presenter: How do you see friendship?

Woman one: Friendship begins at home I consider my sister a close friend But for other

people, family bonds aren’t as strong Many people feel closer to their friends

than they do to their relatives

Presenter: Thank you I’ll take another call on the same question Yes, hello?

Woman two: Friends don’t need to have everything in common.

Presenter: Thank you I have got another call waiting Good evening, could you tell me

what’s the most important quality of a friend?

Woman three: Many people say that they can rely on their friends to be there for them no

matter what I would drop everything to help my best friend through a crisis

Many good friends would donate an organ or bone marrow to a sick friend But

I would not tell a lie for a friend’s sake

Presenter: Thank you The question for our final caller is; do you agree with the saying

that friendship lasts forever?

Woman four: Not all friendships last forever; I’ve parted ways with a close friend at some

point in my life Some friends outgrow each other and others may split over an

unforgivable act

C Proverbs

3 Read the following proverbs about

friendship and match them with the suitable explanation

a Book s and friends should be few but

good

b A friend in need is a friend indeed.

c T o have a friend, be a friend.

d T he only unsinkable ship is FRIEN DSHIP

e I t is better to be in chains with friends,

than to be in a garden with strangers

1 T he friend who helps you when you are

in distress is a real friend

2 Bein g in a nice place without any

friends is worse than being somewhere horrible with a friend

3 Fr iendship can last forever.

4 I t is better to have a small amount of

good friends than many poor friends

5 If you are a good friend, you will have

I s Bl ood Real ly T hicker?

Anything for a Fr iend

2 Match the words from the text with their

meaning

a bonds 1 stop; discontinue

b favour 2 lose in the course

of maturation

c drop 3 give

d donate 4 links

e outgrow 5 act of kindness

3 Which of the four answers do you think best

describes friendship? Explain your answer

B Listening

2

Liste

Listen to someone talking about

International Friendship Day and fill in the

blanks

International Friendship Day is a time to

(1) _ your friends and their

(2) to your life Fr iendship

helps to bring (3) and (4)

to the globe International

Friendship Day occurs on the first (5)

Fr iends come in many shapes,

sizes and guises: (6) friends,

(7) colleagues, siblings,

partners, (8) and neighbours

I mention to the hostess that I don’t eat the usual barbecue food, or make an excuse by saying «I’m on a diet,» and eat only salad?

SITUATION TWO

I run into an old friend I haven’t seen or spoken to in years at a mutual friend’s annual party We fill each other in on our current lives during a nearly hour-long conversation I’m ready to mingle with the other guests at this point, but she’s babbling endlessly How do I move on without offending her?

SITUATION THREE

I’ve been invited to a summer party I assumed everyone would dress casually, but when I got there the men were wearing suit jackets and the women were in dresses I looked out of place in

my denim shorts and T-shirts What can I do to avoid embarrassment at this point?

D Grammar

4 Study the table then make questions using

these words and answer the questions

1 Salwa / Layal?

2 she / married?

3 Omar / secretary?

4 English / second language?

5 they / best friends?

E Questions with what and who

5 Put these words in the correct order to make

questions

1 What your address is?

2 is your ? surname What

3 Who best friend ? your is

4 is his ? What second language

5 name of the your school ? What is

We write What is and Who is, but we say

What’s and Who’s.

Yes/No questions with to be

Is Huda kind? Yes, she is

Is she trustworthy? No, she isn’t

Is Layla your friend? Yes, she is

Is English his first

language? No, it isn’t.

Questions

1 Decide whether the following statements are

True or False Correct the false ones

a The most important thing is that you

share the same interests

b You should care for your friends when

they are upset and when they are happy

c When you disagree with your friend you

should wait for them to apologise to you

2 According to the text, what are the main

characteristics of true friendship?

3 Do you agree with the writer’s definition of

the word FRIEND?

4 Can you name friendship characteristics that

are not mentioned in the text? Discuss one characteristic

H Matching

8 Match the following ideas / questions with

the statements that explain them

a Setting Limits in Friendships

g Building a friendship from casual friends

1 Friendship is an in-depth relationship.

2 Building friendships takes time

3 Friendships cannot be neglected

4 Friendships may not last

5 Friendships, like all other relationships,

must have limits

6 Being able to carry on a comfortable

conversation with a social acquaintance

is vital for gaining friends

7 Not all friendships are good for you.

G Reading

7 Read about the meaning of the word

FRIEND Then answer the questions

Friends are very special As long as people

have lived, they have found friendships with

each other

Respect, loyalty, trust and lots of fun are

characteristics of true friendship

It is important that you share likes and

dislikes, hobbies and secrets, but it is more

important that you like each other! A friend

is someone who understands you, knows the

real you and appreciates the person that

you are

Even when you are upset, a true friend will

care for you You share good times and bad

times, and are always there for each other

Never treat your friend badly If you have

an argument or disagree, it is important to

apologise to each other

Don’t forget – a true friend is one that sees

your faults but loves you anyway!

2 Human and

Children's Rights

A Dialogue

1 Read the dialogue then answer the questions.

Amal: Samira, have you thought of a topic for our

term paper?

Samira: Well, how about doing something about

children’s rights?

Amal: Great idea! Why don’t we write about the

rights of disabled children

Samira: That seems interesting! We can talk about

their right to grow up in a healthy and normal environment and to have freedom and dignity just like normal children I think disabled children should be protected against all forms of neglect, cruelty and humiliation

Amal: I totally agree Unfortunately, some people

mistakenly believe that disabled people in general, and children in particular, have no human rights

Samira: You’re completely right I hope that we will

change their views after they read our term paper

I’ll start doing the research right now

Amal: Ok! I’ll help you.

Questions

1 What do Samira and Amal decide to write about?

2 How do some people look at disabled people? Do you agree with them? Why or why not?

3 Name the rights of the disabled people that are mentioned in the dialogue.

4 Can you think of some of the rights of handicapped children that are not mentioned in the

dialogue? Name one

4 Which of the following words can replace the

words in italic in the Children’s rights above?gain leisure satisfactory abandonment

self-respect adjust

D Grammar

5 Which sentences are true now? Correct the

untrue sentences

1 The teacher is standing at the front.

2 None of the students are talking.

3 The sun is shining.

4 We are all wearing the same clothes.

B Listening

2

Liste

Listen to a description of The

International Children’s Peace Prize and fill in

the table below

3 What is the Children’s Peace Prize? When is

it awarded?

C United Nations Declaration

of the Rights of the Child vs

Children’s Liberation Rights

Some Rights of the Child mentioned in the

UN Declaration are:

1 Special protection, opportunities and

facilities to enable them to develop in a

healthy and normal manner, in freedom

and dignity

2 Social security, including adequate

nutrition, housing, recreation and

medical services

3 Special treatment, education and care if

handicapped

4 Free education and equal opportunity to

develop their individual abilities

5 Protection against all forms of neglect,

cruelty and exploitation

Some of the Children’s Liberation Rights are:

1 The Right to Self-determination: children

should have the right to decide matters

that affect them most directly

2 The Right of Responsive Design: society

must accommodate itself to children’s

growth and to their need for safe space

3 The Right to Freedom from Physical

Punishment

4 The Right to Economic Power: including

the right to work, to acquire and

manage money, and to achieve financial

independence

2008 2007

Name of winner

Country of origin

Case

Present continuous tense

Form this tense with the verb be + -ing

EXAMPLES

I am (not) looking.

It is (not) working.

We are (not) coming.

We use this tense when we talk or write about temporary activities that are happening now.

Human and Children's Rights

E Grammar

Possessive ’s

Short form of be Possessive form’s

It’sThat’s Omar’s Helen’s

6 Is the ‘s in each sentence a short form or a possessive form?

1 This is the book of children’s rights.

2 That’s my pen.

3 What’s the problem?

4 All organisations should work towards children’s benefits.

F Reading

7 Read the text and answer the following questions.

Salah is a twelve year old boy who came to the city with his parents from a small town in rural Syria The family settled in Damascus, where Salah’s uncle had lived for several years The uncle helped Salah’s father, Khaled, get a job in a factory, but Khaled never adjusted to life in the city When Khaled and his wife, Amal, decided to return to the country, Salah did not want

to leave his friends from school

Like many teenagers, 16-year-old pop singer Tiffany did not get along with her mother But unlike most teenagers, Tiffany had thousands of dollars in recording and performance revenues, and felt that her mother “was not making smart career moves.” In March 1988, Tiffany wanted

to be granted the right to control her own finances

Questions

1 Does a teenager like Tiffany have the wisdom, experience and maturity to make irrevocable

choices that will shape her future life?

2 Are children entitled to decide where they live?

3 Would the behaviour of Tiffany and Salah be acceptable in your culture? Explain.

G Matching

8 Read the following articles taken from the UN’s Convention on the Rights of the Child Match

the articles to the stories (1-5) The articles can be used as many times as necessary

1 Bob has been blind since birth Because he is blind, he doesn’t go to the local school All

he does all day is hang around waiting until his brothers come home from school and playwith him

2 Jamie is one year old He has had health problems since birth This is not helped by the

fact that his home is damp and his parents are unemployed and so have little money forextra food and medicines

3 Mirona is ten years old She came to England from Romania two years ago with her married

sister, but she wishes her mum and dad could come Every time they try to enter the

country they are sent back

4 Liam is eight years old His family live on the sixth floor Liam loves playing football but

the playground by his flat is often occupied by bigger boys who threaten him

5 Natalie is frightened at school because of the gangs, and she’s frightened where she lives

because of the thieves that hang around the local shops Natalie wants to do well at schooland join a group with other children like herself who care about things

9 If you were a member of the UN organisation, what would you suggest for the above situations?

Article 10

Right to live with family. Article 23

Right of children with disabilities to support so they can lead a full life.

Article 12

Right to healthcare.

Article 13

Right to a decent standard of living.

3 Family Hygiene

A Dialogue

1 Read the dialogue, then answer the questions.

Camp Director: Your family can have a lot of fun putting together the following much needed

toiletry and hygiene kits for families going away from home on holiday

Mother: How can we take all the items with us?

Camp Director: They can be wrapped in a bath towel and tied with a ribbon, or put in a plastic

container or sealable bag

Mother: What are the items that we can

include in our kits?

Camp Director: You have the adults’ kit and the

children’s kit

Mother: With different items?

Camp Director: Yes Adult kits may include: one

bath towel, one face towel, one bath soap, a brush, a comb, deodorant, some lotion, shampoo, dental floss, a tooth brush and toothpaste Children’s kits may include: one bath towel, one face towel, one bath soap, a small floating toy, baby lotion, a hairbrush, some lotion, dental floss, a toothbrush and toothpaste

Mother: Ok, thank you I think we are going to enjoy a healthy camp!

Questions

1 Where is the mother going with her family?

2 Who is giving her advice? What is the advice about?

3 What is the meaning of toiletry and hygiene?

4 Which of the items cited above do you think are indispensable for a camp?

5 What items would you add to the list if you were going camping?

some llotion ddent lal flfloss a too hthbbrushh andd

D Grammar

7 Make questions with the verb in the present

continuous Add a preposition (on, in or at) if

necessary

1 What time - she - arrive - Thursday?

What time is she arriving on Thursday?

2 Who - you - meet - this afternoon?

3 Where - you - go - Friday?

4 you - come - to the office - Thursday?

5 he - arrive - 6 o’clock?

6 Who - meet - Mr Roberts - 12th June?

7 What - you - do - tomorrow?

After listening to the doctor’s tips

on babies’ hygiene, say if the following

statements are True or False

1 Caring for babies is a must for their own

benefit and for the benefit of their own

children in the future

2 When babies are exposed to changes in

temperature, they become ill

3 Don’t add extra blankets when the child

has fever

4 Babies should not be bathed every day.

5 Clean the outer part of the ear using

cotton wool buds

6 Caring for babies doesn’t mean only

feeding, washing and putting them to

bed; it also means giving them

interesting things to do

3 Now choose one true statement from above

and explain it in your own words

C Vocabulary

4 What things do you recognise in the picture

of the kitchen on the right? Label the items

with the words from the list

oven microwave sink cupboard

surface ridge fridge

5 What is wrong with the kitchen in the

picture on the right?

6 Read about how to have a safe and healthy

kitchen Then write two more safety or

health rules

1 Open windows to get fresh air.

2 Don’t put cupboards above the cooker.

3 Keep all knives away from children.

Don’t let children touch knives

4 Always watch hot saucepans carefully.

They can boil over or catch fire if they

get too hot

5 Don’t use electrical items near the sink

or water

6 Clean surfaces and equipment before

and after you prepare food

7 Always keep raw meat away from other

food

8 Don’t put the fridge next to the cooker.

Present continuous and time phrases

We use the present continuous to talk about future appointments

Family Hygiene

E Good Sleep Hygiene

8 Put the missing information in the right place

Keep daytime naps to 20 minutes

Now is the time to stop that unhealthy pattern

Put your hand on your stomach so you can feel yourself exhale properly

Cut out caffeine at least 6 to 10 hours before bedtime

It is at a temperature you like, it is dark and soft music is playing

When you don’t get enough sleep, you do not feel like doing anything (1) _

The following are tips to help you relax If you wake up during the night, practise deep

breathing by inhaling through your nose and exhaling through your mouth for at least 10 slow counts (2) _Your daily diet can also have an impact on what kind of sleep

you will get at night (3) _ If you go to bed at 10:00 p.m that means you

have to

stop caffeine around noon Do not eat for two hours before going to bed If you have trouble falling asleep, make sure the room has the right atmosphere (4) _.

(5) _ Though you may not feel it, this is just enough to refresh your mind

and body and cope with the stress of the day

F Dental Hygiene

9 Read a mother’s questions about dental hygiene and the dentist’s answers and write the words

in brackets in the right form

How can I best (careful) (1) for my child’s teeth?

Good (dentist) (2) hygiene habits should begin before your child’s first tooth

appears Wiping your baby’s gums with a soft damp cloth after (feed) (3) helps to

prevent the build-up of bacteria When teeth appear, start using a soft child’s toothbrush twice

a day Once your child is preschool-age, start (use) (4) toothpaste Don’t cover

the brush with toothpaste Young children tend to swallow most of the toothpaste

What are cavities?

Cavities are holes that are formed when bacteria in your mouth use the sugar in food to

make acid This acid eats away at the teeth Cavities are the most common dental problem in children

Is my child at risk for cavities?

Your child might be at risk for cavities if he or she eats a lot of (sugar) (5) foods,

such as raisins, cookies and candy, and drinks a lot of sweet liquids, such as fruit juice, soda and (sweet) (6) drinks

How can I help stop cavities?

Teeth should be brushed at least twice a day and adults should floss once a day Everyone should see the dentist (two) (7) a year Have your dentist show you the right way

to brush your child’s teeth

When should I start taking my child to the dentist?

You should take your child to a dentist around his or her first birthday This gives the dentist a chance to look for early problems with your child’s teeth Pediatric dentists (special)

(8) in the dental health of children

10 Which of the above dental hygiene habits did you know about? Which were new to you? Can you

add any more?

G Reading

11 Read the text then answer the questions.

Tips for a gleaming home

If you despair at unsightly smears on your windows and glass surfaces, or can’t quite get that

stainless steel to shine like it once did, fret not! Here we come to the rescue with our tried

and tested tips for a spotless home!

Before cleaning the microwave, get a small glass or bowl of cold water, add a few drops of lemon juice and microwave on full heat for about five minutes The steam helps loosen dried

food and the lemon juice helps cut through grease

Another tip for cleaning mirrors is to use shaving foam on them Foam leaves behind a bit of

residue on the glass and makes it easier to clean.

Cleaning stainless steel draining boards with lemon juice brings back their lovely gleaming shine!

Nothing beats a mixture of half water and half white vinegar, wiped with a newspaper on windows

Rub a little fabric softener on light bulbs around the house When you use them and they warm

up, you get a lovely aroma!

Questions

1 What is the meaning of the following words? Choose the right answer.

gleaming a welcoming b shiny c dull

smears a stains b roots c goblets

fret not a afraid b cleaned c don’t worry

spotless a clean b mark c dirty

steam a mixture b vapour c boil

residue a bulb b seat c remains of a substance

2 Who can make use of the tips in the text?

3 Choose the most two important tips and rephrase them.

4 Write two new tips that you have tried around the house and that worked.

Healthy Food

Healthy Life and

A Dialogue

1 Read the dialogue and answer the questions.

Chef: H ello! T oday we are going to learn how to cook siyadiyeh

Mother 1: Ex cellent! M y kids love to eat fish.

Mother 2: And fish is very healthy.

Chef: O K Fir st we wash the fish and heat a little oil in a frying pan W e fry the fish until

it is cooked

Mother 1: I s there any sauce to prepare?

Chef: O f course! Ch op the onions into small pieces, heat half a cup of olive oil and fry the

onions until they are brown Add the spices and water and cover and boil for 15

Mother 2: W e need to prepare rice too.

Chef: T hat is correct So, after preparing the rice, we put it on a plate with the pieces of

fish and serve the sauce separately

Questions

1 Do you like siyadiyeh?

2 Do you make it the way it is described in the dialogue?

3 M atch the words from the recipe with the definitions

a serve 1 cook at a high temperature in a little

b cover 2 make something hot

c fry 3 clean in water

d boil 4 cut up in small pieces

e chop 5 heat something in water at 100

B Listening

2

Liste

Listen to the recipe for spinach with meat Fill in the blanks with the correct verb

(1) the spinach carefully in clean water (2) it into small pieces

(3) the pieces in water with a little salt for half an hour (4) the

onions, minced meat and nuts in butter in a saucepan for 15 minutes (5) the

spinach out of the water and (6) it to the onions and meat (7) for

another 30 minutes (8) very hot with rice

C Healthy eating

3 Read the following menus Write H if you think that the food on the menu is healthy and UH if

you think it is unhealthy

fruit salad

double-cheese

burger with fries

ice cream and brownie

Veal in cream

sauce chicken in

cream sauce

grilled steak with

baked potato

seafood platter chicken salad

Dessert Main course

Healthy Life and Healthy Food

D Speaking

4 Ask your partner the following questions write his answers Is your friend following a healthy

diet?

H ow much fruit and vegetables do you eat per day?

H ow much protein do you eat per day?

H ow much carbohydrates do you eat per day?

H ow much fat do you eat per day?

H ow much milk and dairy products do you have per day?

E Grammar

5 Work in pairs: A gives an instruction; B follows the instruction.

Example A Spell your surname.

B H- A-M -D- A-N -I .

A Don’t look at this column.

B I am not looking at that one I am

looking at my expenses.

After five instructions, B gives A five instructions and A follows them

6 Write a, an, the or (X) where no word is needed.

1 Our offices are in Dam ascus

2 T hey are in large building

3 _ _ building is near the university in Dam ascus

4 M y favourite dessert is chocolate cake

5 Ali is eating _ _ bar of chocolate

6 I’l l have fish and chips platter and my friend will have veggieburger with orange juice

7 M y brother wants to be _ _ dietician

8 I always read nutrition facts label before buying

the address

L ook atDon’t look at

your ex penses.this column

the nutrition facts label

the number of calories

the ingredients.Spel l your surname

Dr ink your cup of milk

F Reading

7 Read the article about healthy eating habits then answer the questions.

I t is very important to eat well and stay fit P eople are often worried that the food they eat is not

as healthy as it tastes H ere are some healthy eating tips:

Fir st, you should prepare a daily menu for the whole week M ake sure to include the correct

amounts of carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals and salt Fur thermore, during our daily activities we lose a lot of water so it is very important to drink plenty of water every day

M oreover, it is very important to avoid eating junk food such as potato chips, ice-cream, biscuits, pastries, milkshakes and pizzas If it is impossible for you to totally give up junk food, try cutting down gradually until you are confident enough that you can do without it Also, a diet with fresh vegetables, fruits and nuts is a great option for a healthy eating plan

Fin ally, no healthy eating plan would work without regular ex ercise A good workout everyday will definitely improve your health and help you to maintain a healthy lifestyle

Questions

1 Cir cle all the linking words in the article.

2 What are the tips for healthy eating that are mentioned in the article?

3 G ive your friend two health tips that are not mentioned in the tex t.

4 Wr ite a short paragraph in which you tell your partner about your eating habits.

G Vocabulary

8 Fill in the blanks with the proper nutrient Then answer the question by writing the circled letters

in order

1 Br ead, cereals and pasta are ex amples of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

2 _ _ _ , fish and poultry are high in _ _ _ _ _

3 I like _ _ _ _ , such as apples and peach, but I hate _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ like

broccoli and peas

4 Y ou should have 2 to 3 servings of milk, yoghurt and other _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

5 Don’t eat lots of peanut butter because it contains lots of _ _

Where can you find all these nutrients?

They are all on the .

FASHION CORNER 1

Sewing Machines

A sewing machine is a textile machine used to stitch fabric or other material together with

thread It uses two threads to create a seam

How to use a sewing machine

One part of the thread comes from a cylinder and is pushed through the fabric by a needle At the same time, the second thread from the bobbin is pushed upwards from under the fabric and the two threads form a stitch This is repeated several times until a line is formed where two or more layers of fabric are stitched together This is called a seam

A good quality sewing machine will function perfectly for many years if it is properly maintained You may need to adjust it or replace some parts Sewing machines generally need to be regularly cleaned and lubricated

How to maintain a sewing machine

Buy a high-quality brand of sewing machine oil Unplug your sewing machine Apply a single drop of oil to every part of your sewing machine that moves Give the oil time to be absorbed by letting your sewing machine stand for a few minutes Plug your sewing machine back in Put some scrap fabric through the sewing machine, running its moving parts at a slow but constant rate This will let the oil spread evenly throughout the parts that need lubrication to maintain optimal performance

7 optimal g stop power connection

B Put the parts of the sewing machine in their appropriate place.

balance wheel bobbin

bobbin case bobbin compartment

bobbin winder feed dogs

foot pedal needle

presser foot presser foot lifter

reverse lever spool pin

spool thread stitch length regulator

stitch selection stitch width regulator

thread guide thread take-up

5 Food Preservation

22

A Dialogue

1 Read the dialogue then answer the questions.

Chef: Hello! Today we are going to learn how to make

exotic fruits jam

Mother: Excellent! My kids love to eat jam What do we

need to make this jam?

Chef: You’ll need 3 cups of bananas, 3 cups of oranges,

4 cups of cantaloupes, 4 cups of sugar and ¼ cup of lemon juice

Mother: What do we do with the ingredients?

Chef: First you need to peel and dice the cantaloupes

and oranges Then put the lemon juice, oranges and cantaloupe in a pan, and bring to the boil Simmer the mixture for 15 minutes Next, add the sugar and fruit rinds, and continue to simmer for half an hour, stirring occasionally

While the mixture is simmering, slice the bananas and add them to the jam Continue to

simmer for a further 15 minutes Then remove any surface scum and pour the jam into hot sterilised jars Don’t forget to seal the jars very well

Mother: What about waxed paper; do we need it?

Chef: This jam occasionally grows a layer of mould on the surface, so it’s a good idea to

place a layer of waxed paper on the surface of the jam before sealing the jar

Questions

1 Do you like jam? What is your favourite flavour?

2 Match the words from the recipe with the definitions.

a pour 1 remove the outer skin from a fruit

b dice 2 cook food just below boiling point

c peel 3 flow out of or into a container

d simmer 4 cut food into small cubes

e slice 5 put or mix ingredients together

f add 6 cut food into thin pieces

3 What do the words in bold refer to?

4 Arrange the following steps of jam making in the correct order.

_ Remove any surface scum and pour the jam into hot sterilised jars

_ Place lemon juice, oranges and cantaloupe in a pan, and bring to the boil

_ Peel and dice the cantaloupes and oranges

_ Continue to simmer for a further 15 minutes

_ This jam occasionally grows a layer of mould on the surface, so it’s a good idea to place a

layer of waxed paper on the surface of the jam before sealing the jar

_ Add the salt, sugar and fruit rinds, and continue to simmer for half an hour, stirring

occasionally

_ Simmer for 15 minutes

_ Seal very well

_ Slice the bananas and add them to the jam

B Listening

2

Liste

Listen and complete the table

Advantages of preserving food at home

Good fruits for jam making

Bad fruits for jam making

Fruit-to-sugar ratio

Right temperature for cooking jam

C Vocabulary

3 Read the recipe for Jam Tarts Fill in the blanks with the correct verb from the words below.

add chill combine cut knead fold

mix place roll sealFirst, (1) _ together flour and butter until the butter is the size of a small

marble Make the dough and (2) _ sweetener, egg yolk, water and lemon rind,

then quickly (3) _ all the ingredients Next, place the dough on a floured

surface and (4) _ together for 5 minutes Then roll the dough into a ball and (5) _ it in the refrigerator After thirty minutes remove the dough from the

fridge and (6) _ it to 1/4-inch thickness, and then (7) _

it into 4-inch squares Then, put a tablespoonful of jam in the centre of each square,

(8) _ into a triangle and (9) _ the edges Finally,

(10) _ on greased baking trays and bake in a preheated oven at 400 degrees

for 10 minutes Tarts will be golden brown when done

D Grammar

The present simple tense

We use the present simple tense for things that are true all the time (I like ice-cream.) and for things that we do regulary (She travels to work by bus.)

Questions, short answers and negatives are made with do and does

Does he like ? Yes, I do / No, I don’t.Yes, he does / No, he doesn’t I don’t like He doesn’t like

4 Read about Ruba’s day Then ask and answer as in the examples

has lunch puts the jam in jars goes home

Example 1

A When does she start work?

B She starts work at nine o’clock.

Example 2

A Does she start work at eight?

B No, she doesn’t She starts work at nine.

A Does she make jam in the morning?

B Yes, she does.

5 Make four sentences about the working day of a person that you know.

E Reading

6 Read the following magazine article then answer the questions.

Because food is so important for survival, food preservation is one of the oldest technologies used by human beings There are different methods to preserve food Some are traditional, such as pickling or coating food in salt, while others are more modern, such as freezing and vacuum packing In this week’s issue, read about recipes and tips that are given by housewives for preserving food

Deema from Aleppo

My kids love spaghetti and what’s a spaghetti without a fresh home-made tomato sauce! I have discovered a simple way to preserve tomato sauce; you can just put it in your freezer.

Now, to freeze stewed tomatoes, first you should wash the tomatoes and remove the stem, scar and core Cut the tomatoes in halves or quarters Next, put them in a saucepan Make sure to

cover and cook until tender for about 10 to 20 minutes Set the pan containing the tomatoes

in cold water to cool Finally, pack the tomatoes into containers and store them in your freezer

Food Preservation

Ruba from Damascus

I am always keen that my children have healthy nutritious snacks such as fruit with cereal So whenever they ask for an afternoon snack, I simply give them a bowl of cereals with sugar-packed fruit.

This snack is not only healthy but also very easy to prepare Fir st, wash the fruit and remove

the leaves or seeds if they have any Cut the fruit in pieces and put sugar on them St ir until most of the sugar is dissolved Fin ally, put the mix ture in clean jars M ake sure you close the lid firmly

Tip: Store canned or bottled foods in a cool, dry place Ideally, the temperature should be below 20°C

Questions

1 What are the food preservation methods that are mentioned in the article? H ave you tried any

of them?

2 N ame any food preservation method that you know about that is not mentioned in the article.

G ive a brief description or an ex ample

3 What do the words in bold refer to?

6 Setting the Table

26

A Dialogue

1 Read the dialogue then answer the questions.

Host: Good evening ladies and gentlemen, and

welcome to another episode of Mind Your Manners Our episode tonight is about

table setting So, let’s welcome our guest for tonight Ms Shaza, whose book The Etiquette of Dining has just been published

Audience applause

Host: Good evening Ms Shaza and welcome to

the show

Ms Shaza: Thank you I’m delighted to be here tonight.

Host: In your book, a copy of which I have here, you demonstrate an in-depth

knowledge of the history and practice of table setting techniques Could you please summarise for us the main points to remember when setting a table

Ms Shaza: Well, as I mentioned in the first chapter of my book, the principles of table setting

are very simple You should always start with the tablecloth Make sure you have a protective layer underneath it The tablecloth should hang about 1½ feet over the

edge Next place the mats for warm dishes and, between them, the candle holders

In the centre you should put the dinner plates, while salad or bread plates should

be placed slightly to their left While placing the cutlery, start from the outside

of the plate and move towards the inside In other words, the cutlery to be used first should be placed the farthest from the dinner plate A dessert fork and spoon are placed towards the top of the dinner plate, in a horizontal position The blades

of all the knives face towards the plate To the right of the dinner plate, put the coffee cup The water glass is always kept on the right hand side of the dinner plate, to the top left of the coffee cup Finally comes the turn of the napkins

Napkins are folded in rectangles and placed underneath the salad and dinner forks You can also place them in a napkin ring on top of the dinner plate.

1 What do the words in bold refer to?

2 Read the dialogue again Underline all the items that are essential in table setting.

3 Circle the position words mentioned in the dialogue Don’t repeat the same position words

twice

4 What are the correct places for the silverware, dishes and glasses on a dinner table?

Ask and answer

Example

Student 1: Where do we put the candle holders?

Student 2: Place the candle holders in between the mats

Setting the Table

C Grammar

3 Choose the correct present and make complete sentences like the example below.

1 What time (you have) lunch?

What time are you having lunch tomorrow?

2 She usually (come) to work by taxi.

3 Can you help me? I (set) the table for tonight’s dinner party.

4 (you) him in Lattakia tomorrow?

5 Guests sometimes (arrive) late.

6 (you come) to the reception by car or by taxi?

7 Where (you go) now?

8 My cousin is a waitress She (set) tables.

9 (he like) his job?

10 When (you call) for a reception?

D Reading

4 Read the article then answer the questions.

Mind Your Table Manners Internationally!

Table manners vary from culture to culture What is acceptable in one country may be

considered extremely rude in another Although the concept of good manners varies a lot when

we compare different cultures, values and basic good manners don’t generally differ very much from country to country Here are some basic rules of international etiquette that you should

be aware of

Always say please when asking for something Be sure to say thank

you to the person serving you after they have removed any used

items

Food is served from the left Dishes are removed from the right Don’t

forget to keep your elbows off the table

Do not talk with your mouth full Chew with your mouth closed

Cut only enough food for the next mouthful Eat in small bites and

slowly

The two present tenses

Present simple tense Permanent situations or

Present continuous tense Temporary things happening

Examples

I’m meeting him tomorrow What time are the guests coming?

For Italian people, it is very important not to eat spaghetti with a fork and a spoon; only use the fork If you use a spoon they will immediately think you are a foreigner who is not able to eat correctly.

If you visit Turkey, you should learn which knife is for which meat However, if you are eating chicken, you shouldn’t use your knife and fork You can eat it with your fingers

If you want to have a good time eating in Korea, the most important thing is to keep respect

in mind For example, you should be careful not to start to eat before any elderly people start You might look very rude Moreover, you are not supposed to leave the table before the oldest person finishes their meal.

Good manners are important in Chile You have to cut the meat with the knife in your right hand, then change the fork from the left hand to the right hand in order to eat

When you come to Japan, if you eat something with people, you’ll hear them say Itadaki-masu This is said to show gratitude for the food you eat and to the person who prepared the food.Finally, when travelling to a foreign country, you should ask for information about dining etiquette there, though knowing the general rules will help you enjoy your meal in any place

Questions

1 What do the words in bold refer to?

2 The text mentions:

a some general etiquette rules Name three new examples that are not mentioned in the text.

b some etiquette rules from countries around the world Name three rules that are followed in

7 Money and

Currencies

A Dialogue

1 Read the dialogue of a man opening

a bank account Then fill in the form

Banker: Good morning! How can I help you?

Salah: I’d like to open a bank account, please

Banker: Right What kind of account - current or savings?

Salah: I need a current account, and I’d also like a credit card and a debit card

Banker: I see I’ll take down your personal details in a minute Will you need an

Salah: Sorry? Will I need a what? I didn’t catch that

Banker: An overdraft Some customers know in advance that they will need an overdraft Salah: No, I probably won’t need one Not at first, anyway

Banker: We have a Privilege Account It only costs £6 a month and you get lots of

benefits, like travel insurance and a £100 overdraft, if you should ever need one

Salah: I’m sorry I’m really only interested in free banking

Banker: I see Are you a student?

Salah: No, I’m on a work assignment in London with an

affiliate company; I’ll be here for at least a year

Banker: I see I’d like to suggest our standard Current

Account That will give you free bankingproviding you stay in credit Are you interested

in Internet banking?

Salah: Not for now My office is just round the corner,

so it’s quite easy for me to get to the bankduring opening hours

Banker: OK I’ll put a leaflet in your information pack, in

case you change your mind

Questions

1 How long will Salah stay in London?

a 1 month b 3-6 months c 6-12 months d 12+ months

2 Why isn’t Salah interested in Internet banking?

3 How does Salah get the banker to repeat something? (3 phrases)

4 Underline the three phrases in the dialogue that mean ‘if …’.

5 Why do you think the banker recommends the Privilege Account?

a Because customers like free benefits b Some people can’t obtain an overdraft.

c The bank makes bigger profits from this account d Free banking isn’t very popular.

6 Which account would be most suitable for a student, a person with a family and an office

worker?

TICK TYPE OF ACCOUNT REQUIRED

CURRENT ACCOUNT

Privilege (Subscription @ £6 p.c.m.) Current

(with overdraft facilities) Cashminder

(no overdraft facilities) Saving account .Visa credit card .Debit card

B Listening

2

Liste

Listen to the dialogue about banks and

record the information in the pie chart

3 Calculate the missing percentage.

C Asking for repetition

Asking politely for repetition

(I’m) sorry?/ Pardon?

Excuse me?/ Pardon me?

Asking for repetition with a Wh- question

‘Can I speak to Helen?’ ‘(To) who?’

‘I don’t like his suit.’ ‘His what?’

‘Your appointment’s for Monday.’ ‘For when?’

If you are not sure that you heard correctly, or

are surprised

‘I have a message for you.’

‘A message? For me?’

If you have forgotten what somebody said

‘What’s the number of the street again?’

4 Ask politely for repetition for the following

sentences

Example

A Your plane leaves at 8:40 am.

B Pardon? When?

C Eight forty in the morning.

1 I’ve got a packet here for Ms Scotfree.

2 Could you put me through to the Loans

Department?

3 The office is on the 27th floor.

4 Your taxi is here, sir.

5 The room rate is 5,520 S.P a night.

6 The overdraft rate is 11.5%.

5 Practise in pairs Take it in turns to ask for

repetition

1 Give your partner an address.

2 Give your partner an email address.

3 Give your partner directions.

4 Give a colleague a message.

5 Tell your friend a place to meet in town.

6 Tell your partner about a film / book /

video you enjoyed

D Talking about money

6 Complete the sentences and questions with

a word or phrase from the box

coin bills coins p.a changesupply the money note

to the pound once a year

1 How would you like … ?

2 To make a phone call, put a 20p … in

the slot

3 Retailers need to keep a … of coins.

4 How many Euros do I get … ?

5 Could you give me two ten-dollar … for

this twenty, ma’am? ($20)

6 I found this 500 S.P … in your jacket

pocket

7 Interest is added to the account …

8 Salaries for cashiers start at £17,000 …

9 Excuse me, have you got … for this £50

1 How would you like the money?

You might hear that in a bank.

8 Learn the following words for US coins.

1 cent a penny

5 cents a nickel

10 cents a dime

25 cents a quarter

Money and Currencies

E Vocabulary

9 Find formal words / phrases in the box for the words / phrases in italics.

1 Are statements free or do I have to pay for them?

2 This is our list of charges for current accounts.

3 From time to time we open half an hour later on Wednesday mornings.

4 The cashiers are usually busiest at lunchtime on Saturdays.

5 When can I see the Loans Manager, please? (When is the Loans Manager … ?)

6 Would you please fill in this form, sir?

7 We will tell you about any changes in interest rates on your deposit account.

8 Will you need a Debit Card to use with your current account?

F Grammar

10 Study the information in the box Then complete the dialogues.

1 A There are some coins.

B How many coins there?

A Not many Just four.

2 A There some elastic bands.

B How elastic bands are there?

A Not many Just packets.

3 A There some paper.

B How paper is there?

A Not much Just three sheets.

11 Work in pairs Have similar conversations about other objects.

complete free of charge require available tariff typically advise occasionally

The two present tenses

Countable and uncountable nouns

Countable nouns are things that we can count

For example: There are four pencils How many folders are there?

There are two boxes of paper clips.

Countable nouns have singular and plural forms

Unit nouns are words like roll, box, packet, sheet, and are followed by of.

They have a singular and a plural and they are countable

For example: I need a box of folders.

He doesn’t have two sheets of paper.

Uncountable nouns are things that we can’t count Sellotape, glue and paper are uncountable

in English (We can count bottles of glue, but we can’t count glue.) Uncountable nouns have no plural form

For example: There is some glue Is there any sellotape? How much paper is there?