Analogies for critical thinking grade 3

Synonym and Antonym PracticeDirections: First, fill in the circle of the answer that best completes the analogy.. child :: man : men Directions: Choose the answer that best completes eac

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insect: ladybug

A terrific way to:

• Sharpen logical thinking skills

• Prepare for standardized tests

• Understand word relationships

• Improve & develop vocabulary

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Mary D Smith, M.S Ed.

The classroom teacher may

reproduce copies of the

materials in this book for use in

a single classroom only The

reproductio of any part of the

book for other clas rooms or

for an ent re school or school

system is t ctly prohibited No

part of this publicatio may be

t ansmit ed, stored, or recorded

in an form without written

permission from the publisher.

insect : ladybug

A terrific way to:

• Sharpen logical thinking skills

• Prepare for standardized tests

• Understand word relationships

• Improve & develo vocabulary

AuthorRuth Foster, M.Ed.

Teacher Created Resources

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Table of Contents

Syn nyms inAnalogies 5

Anto yms in Analogies 6

Synonym and Antonym Practice 7

Synonym and Antonym Analogies 8

Plurals 9 Plurals 2 1 A Trip to the Zoo 11 Animals on the Loose 12 Past and Present 13 Past and Present 2 14 Purpose 15 Where Things Go 1 Family Names 1 Adjectives 1 Finding the Connection 1 Fin in the Connection 2 20 Findin the Connection 3 ' 2 Trying Out the Connection 22

Part toWhole 23

What People Use 24

Things th t Go Together 25 Size and Stren th 26

Classifyin Analogies 27 Classifying Analogies 2 28

Practice Makin Classes 29 Math 30 Math 2 31 Social Studies 32

#3166 Analogies for Critical Thinking Social Studies 2 33

Science 34 Science 2 35

Health 36 Spelling 37 Spelling 2 38 Homophones 39

Homophones 2 40

Fun with English 41 Review of Analogy Types 4 Review ofAnalogy Types 2 4

Use What You Know 44

Use What You Know 2 45

Use What You Know 3 46

Use Wh t You Know 4 4

Analogies inWriting 48 Analogies inWriting 2 49 Far OutAnalogies 50

Analogies in Reading 5 Analogies in Reading 2 52 Analogies in Reading 3 53 Connection Review 54

Co nection Review 2 55 Practice Bein the Teacher 56 Practice Bein the Teacher 2 57 Practice What You Know 58

Practice What You Know 2 59

Answer Sheets 60

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pieces fit together What links the words to each other? How can they be connected or

tied togeth r? What is the relationship between them?

ca t is to meow as dog is to bark

Although the example above may appear to be easy, it is an exercise that involves cognitiveprocesses and critical-thinking skills One must compre e d the words read, categorize them,understa d the connection between them, and then find a similar connection between

a different p ir of words Inthis case, both meow and bark are sounds that a cat and dogmake, respectively

,Analogies written for this series will focus on a variety of word relationships They will develop,reinforce, and exp nd skills in the following areas:

- visual imagery

- reading comprehension

- paying att ntion to detail (word sequence within word pairs)

- vocabulary development

- syn nym, anto ym, and homophon recognitio and recall

- u dersta ding different shades ofword meanings

- reasoning

- stand rdized-test taking

Students will be able to demonstrate mastery by doing the following:

- working with both multiple-ch ice and write-out question formats

- analyzing and fixing incorrect analogies

- writing their own analogies in both question and sentence format

For interdisciplinary practice, some analogies will be subject-specific (addressing science,math, or social studies, for example) Others will push students to think outside of the box,

as creative and imaginative connections between words will be asked for Students may thenexplain inwriting or verbally (depending on skill level) how they created analogous word pairs

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Introducing Analogies

Directions: Fill inthe word you think should go inthe blank

2 Cat is to meow as dog is to

3 Cat is to paw as person is to

4 Cat is to fur as bird is to - -

-5 Cat is to tame as lion is to

What did you just do? You made analogies! An analogy is a likeness in some way betweenthings that are otherwise unlike

A kitten is not a puppy A kitten is like a puppy, however, because they are both babies

Sometimes an logies are written like this:

C"- c -a- t -: - k -i t t-e- n - :-d-O-9-:-P-u-p-p-y )

• The single colon (:) compares two items in a word pair

• The dou le colon (::) comp res the first word pair to the second word pair

6 Rewrite question 2, 3, 4, or 5 in the analogy form

Directions: Fil in the blanks to finish the analogies

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Synonyms in Analogies

A synonym is a word that is nearly the same inmeaning as another word

1 Which word is not a synonym of the others?

2 Which answer makes the best analogy?

® smal: tiny:: big: little

® small: little ::teeny: tiny

® teeny: big:: little: small

Directions: Fill in the circle next to the synonym that best completes the analogy

3 Speedy is to fast as pretty is to

® nice ® quick © silly ® beautiful

4 Trap isto catch as yell is to

® shut ® should © shout ® shell

5 Come isto enter as leave is to

® exit ® stay © race ® place

6 Smelly isto s tinky as rest isto

® smart ® part © piece ® relax

7 Funny is to silly as chatty isto

® talkative ® chilly © silent ® breezy

8 Dull is to boring as exciting isto

® tiring ® simple © foolish ® thrilling

Directions: Create four answers for this analogy Only one answer should be correct!

®

©

®

10 Which one of your answers was correct? Write a sentence telling why Use the word

synonym in your sentence

© T e a c h e r Cr e at e d R e sour ces 5 # 166 An a l og i es f or C ri c a l Thinkin g

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Antonyms in Analogies

An antonym is a word that isthe oppo s it e in meaning of another word

1 Which word is an antonym of the others?

® baked ® cooke © roasted ® raw

2 Which a swer makes the best analogy?

® cooked: raw:: fast: slow

® raw: baked :: tired: sleepy

® raw: cooked ::silly: funny

Directions: Find the anto ym that best completes the analogy

4 Old isto young as cowardly is to _

5 Dull is to exciting as tasty is to

® thrilling ® tiring © bland

6 Hard is to soft as simple is to

7 Awake is to asleep as stay is to

® hot

® foolish

8 Most is to least as yell isto

Directions: Create four answers for this analogy Only one a swer should be correct!

9 Sad is to happy as cheerful is to

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Synonym and Antonym Practice

Directions: First, fill in the circle of the answer that best completes the analogy Then, write

S for synonym or A for antonym on the blank line to describe how the question and answerwords are related The first one has been done for you Remember

• Antonyms are words that are opposite in meaning

• Synonyms are words that mean the same

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Synonym and Antonym An a l og i e s

Direct i ons: Write as many synonyms and antonyms as you can think of for the given words

Ifyou want, you may use a thesaurus

1 big

2 rich

3. brave

4 silly

5. sad

Directions : Write two analogy ques ons using some of the words you wrote down

One question should be a synonym The other question should be an antonym

® - - -

-® - - -

-®

-Synonym or antonym? _ Correct answer _ 7 _ ® -

-®- - -

-©- - -

-® - - -

-Synonym or antonym? _

Correct answer _

#3 1 66 A n alog i es fo r Cr i ca l Th i nk i n 8 © T e a c h e r C r e at e d R eso u r ces

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Plural means "more than one." When making some words plural

• add es to some words ending in o ( Example : potato - potatoes)

• change f to v and add s or es to words ending in an fo r fe. (Example: wife - wives)

Directions: Write in the correct answer to complete the analogies

-3 Leaf is to leaves as wolf is to

4 Life isto lives as kn ife is to

7 Burglar isto burglars as thief is to

10 Echo isto echoes as hero is to

11 Which question uses synonyms?

Challenge: Try to make up a sentence that uses four or more of the balded words used in

the questions The words can be singular or plural

© T e a che r Created R eso u r ce s 9 #3 1 66 Ana log i e s for Cr it ical Th i nkin g

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Plurals 2

1 Use the same words, but rewrite this an logy so it is correct

c h ildren child :: man : men

Directions: Choose the answer that best completes each analogy Pay a ention to the orderand spelling of sin le and plural words!

2 knife: knives 3 volcanoes : volcano

4 wolf : wo l ves 5 echo : echo e

6 t hieves: thie f 7 heroes : hero

1 0. What is the correct way to spell the plural of house? _

#3 1 66 Ana l o i e s fo r C t ca l T hi nk i n 1 ©Te a ch er C reat ed Re sour ces

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A Trip to the Zoo

Dir ec tion s : Think about the sounds animals make at the zoo Then choose the answer thatbest completes each analogy Pay attention to order!

11 Think and Write : What is the loudest, strangest, or scariest animal sound you haveever heard? Tell when and where you heard it

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Animals on the Loose

Directions : Think about how animals move Then, choose the answer that best completeseach a alogy Pay attention to order

11 T h ink a n d W r i t e : A penguin cannot fly Yet people say that penguins can fly throughthe water Why do you think this is so?

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Past and Present

A verb is an act on word A verb tells you what you are doing Verbs have different tenses

• The present tense is used for a action that is happening now

• The past tense is used for an action that has already happened

Dir e ctions: Look at the examples of verbs Write down two more examples

Directions: Choose a word from the word box thatbest completes each analogy

1 become : became:: teach :

2 look: looked : gaze:

3 knew : know :: saw :

4 dance : danced :: bleed :

5. thought: think ::found:

6 give : gave :: search :

7 cut: cut :: hurt

8 led: lead :: walked:

9 send : sent: rise :

11 Write down the question numbers of the ones that were

© Teac he r Creat ed R e sour c es 1 #3 1 66 Anal o gi e s fo r C rit ic a l T h i n k i n

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Past and Present 2

Some analogies are based on past and present verb te ses Something past has already

h ppen d Something present is h ppening now

Dir ec ti o n s: Choose the answer that best completes each a alogy Pay a ention to order

® present: past ® present past

3. eat : ate :: choose : 4 sit: sat :: creep:

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Some analogies are based on how things can be used, or what their purposes are

Directions: Choose the answer that best completes each analogy Pay attention to order!

1 sc i ssors : cut 2 cut : sc i sso r s

3 spoon: stir : book : 4 smel l : nose : : he a r :

-10. Make an analogy using your answers from Question 9

© T e a c h e r Cre a t e d R eso ur ce s 1 # 166 Ana l og i e s f o r C r i tica l T h i n kin g

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Where Things Go

Some an logies are based on where things go, where they live, or where they are found

Directions: Choose the answer that best completes each analogy Pay attention to order!

3 dress : closet:: rug : 4 car: road :: train:

9 List two things Write down where they go, live, or are found The things you list should

n t be in the questions

Thing Where Thing Goes, Lives, or Is Found

1

2

10 Make an analogy using your answers from Question 9

#3166 Analogi e s for Criti c a l Thinkin g 1 © T e a c her C r eated Resour c es

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Family Names

Some analogies are based on the names of old, young, male, and female family members

Direct i ons : Choose the answer that best completes each analogy Pay attention to order!

3 cat : kitten :: hors e: 4 mom: dad : : au n t

9 A colt is a boy baby horse A filly is a girl baby h rse Make up an analogy where youuse the words colt and filly. Make sure only one answer is cor ect You may use wordsfrom the other questions if you want

®

©

®

© T e a che r C r e a te d R e s o ur ces 1 #3 16 6 Analog i es for Cr i tical T hi nk i n

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Adjectives are often used in analogies An a djective is a word that describes a noun

Adjectives answer three questions:

1 What kind is it? 2. How many are there? 3 Which one is it?

Directions: Fill in the blanks and find the answer that best completes the analogies

1. In the word pa I fire: hot I ' the word h

2 In the word pair Icold : i ceI ' the word

because it tells what kind of ice it is

3. tiny: ant : : big: 4. 24 :1 : hours :

7 months : year 8. sweet: candy

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Finding the Connection

Dir ec tions: All of the analogies below have the same connection between the word pairs.Choose the answer that best completes each analogy and answer the questions

9 How are all the question and correct-answer words connected or related?

10. Write your own analogy using four of these words: oyster, nose , shell , ocean, otter , fur

©Teac h er C r eated R esources 1 #3 1 66 Ana l ogies for Crit i cal Th i nk i ng

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Finding the Connection 2

Dir ec ti o n s : Choose the answer that best completes each analogy

1 c t: paw 2 trunk: e le phant

3 talon: hawk 4 fang: sna ke

5 boy: arm 6 girl : hair .

1 Write your own analogy using four of these words: wing , fish, lion , bat, big , fin.

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Finding the Connection 3 Directions: Choose the answer that best completes each a alogy.

1. teacher : school 2. scarf: neck

® can ry: fl ® h nd: mitte

® fly: canary ® mitten :h nd

® judge: courroom ® round: moon

3 hospital : doctor 4 shirt: button

® classroom : student ® sleeve: leg

® clerk: store ® sun: planet

7 earring : ear 8. plant: garden

® coat: legs ® tree: forest

® ocean: fish ® leaf bark

1 0 Write your own analogy using four ofthese words: airp l ane , c l oud , cap t ai n, pilot, ship ,

pool.

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Trying Out the Connection Direct i ons: Write how the word pairs are connected.

1 choco l ate mi l k : drink

6 ocean: sa l ty

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Part to Whole

Some word pairs in analogies are connected by "part to whole" or "whole to part "

• key: pian (part t o wh o l e ) • piano: key (wh o l e t o p rt)

Directions: Choose the answer that best completes each analogy and a swer the questions

® finger toe ® yellow: lemo

® sock: shoe ® water lemon de

® second: min te ® dais : rose

® ste : sta case ® floor: roof

® staircase :step ® roof floor

® nose: clown ® mall: store

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What People Use

Some word pairs inanalogies are con ected by what people use or need in their jobs

• carpenter hammer ( p erson to what h e/s h e uses)

• hammer: carpenter ( what he/she uses to perso n )

Directions: Choose the answer that best completes each a alogy and answer the questions

® artist: paint ® stu ent :book

® writer: hoe ® axe: tailor

9 Write down o e of the things you might want to be or do when yo grow up

10 List five things you might use or need to do your job

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Things that Go Together

Directions: Write down what you think of when you read these words:

Directions: Choose the answer that best completes the analogies The connection between

the word pairs is "things that go together."

1 Fork is to knife as p e n is to

® book © paper

® spoon ® pot

2 Salt is to pepper as s tamp is to

® jelly ® ice cream

6 Make atally mark for each student in your class Mark how many people eat plain

hotdogs Mark how many people eat hotdogs together with something else (ketchup

or mustard, for example)

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Si z e and Strength

Some analogies are based on size or strength

Direction s: Choose the answer that best completes each analogy Pay attention to order!

ditch : canyon is not the same as canyon : d i tch

I

8. smell : s ti nk

D i rections: For #9 and #10, write down which one you think is stronger

Hints: A gale is a very strong wind A hurricane has gale-force winds

9 gale or breeze

1 0 cloudburst or hurricane

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Classifying Analogies

Some analogies are based on how things can be classified, or grouped

Directions: Fill in the blanks and choose the answer that best completes each a alogy

1 How are red and blue alike?

2 How are poodles and beagles alike?

3 Warning! Pay attention to order Ired: color Iis n t the same as Icolor : red I

Red is always a color A color is not always re

Ipoodle : dog Iis not the same asIdog: poodle I

10 Boa constrictor is to snake as 11 Spider is to tarantula as

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Cl as sifying Analogies 2

Direc ti ons: Fil in the blanks and choose the answer that best completes each analogy

2 Why are these word pairs different? Ifootball : sport I Isport: footbal I

9 Write your own answer choices Make sure only one answer choice is correct

I beetle: insect I

10. Which answer of yours was correct? Tell why

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Practice Making Classes

Direct ion s : Think of the names of as many things as you can that fit in the given classes

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3 #3 1 66 A n l og i e s fo r Cr it i c a l T h i n kin g

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Social Studies

D i r ect ion s : Find the word that best completes the analogy

Hint: You may want to look at a more detailed world map in an atlas or on the Internet

1 Kenya: Africa ::United States:

2 Canada: North America:: Brazi :

3 Fra ce: Europe :: China:

4 Antarctica: Antarctica ::Australia: _

5 Mexico: North America :: Japan :

6 Sweden: Europe ::India:

7 Argentina: South America :: England:

8 Ecuador South America ::Nigeri :

9 Zimbabwe: Afica ::Spain:

1 0 Chile: Southern Hemisphere :: United States:

11 Iraq: Northern Hemisphere ::New Zealan :

1 Peru: Southern Hemisphere ::Egypt _

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