Macmillan 11 grade 3 TIME for kids student reader 126p

= 1 million touristsTunisia 7.1 million South Africa 7.51 million Morocco 5.84 million Zimbabwe 1.55 million Swaziland 0.83 million Cows to the Rescue Back in the United States, Kenya i

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Acknowledgments

by permission of HarperCollins Publishers, Inc.

“The Family Car” by Tom Absher from PEELING THE ONION, An Anthology of Poems selected by Ruth Gordon, published by A

“Instructions for Earth’s Dishwasher” by Lisa Westberg Peters from EARTHSHAKE, POEMS FROM THE GROUND UP Copyright

Hamilton Richards Reprinted by permission of Little Brown and Company.

“Roller Coaster” from THE KITE THAT BRAVED OLD ORCHARD BEACH by X.J Kennedy Reprinted with the permission of Simon

and Schuster Children’s Publishing Division.

Meadowbrook Press Used by permission

Photography Credits

Book Cover: (c) John Lund/Sam Diephuis/Blend Images; (tr) Corbis/Premium RF/Alamy

Contributor

originally appeared in TIME For Kids or timeforkids.com.

B

Published by Macmillan/McGraw-Hill, of McGraw-Hill Education, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.,

Two Penn Plaza, New York, New York 10121.

reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the

prior written consent of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., including, but not limited to, network storage or

transmission, or broadcast for distance learning.

Printed in The United States of America

ISBN: 978-0-02-207795-2

MHID: 0-02-207795-2

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 WEB 13 12 11 10 09

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A journey to Africa teaches kids

about this fascinating nation.

way kids around

the world learn

The Statue of Liberty welcomes visitors

and immigrants to America

A Rich

A3TFK_TXNA_I4FP_RD11.indd 29 1/20/09 12:31:59 PM

Main Idea and Details • Prefixes • Bar Graphs

Temperatures of Cities in Kenya CHARTS 12

Cause and Effect • Unknown Words • Maps

All-American Tall Tales MAPS 20

Main Idea and Details • Synonyms

• Photos and Captions

Today Is Very Boring POETRY 28

Compare and Contrast • Context Clues

• Skimming and Scanning

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Inside the United States are

hundreds of independent nations.

Friends

of Freedom

A3TFK_TXNA_I8FP_RD11.indd 61 1/23/09 2:04:11 PM

Businesses help people make

their dreams come true.

New roller coasters

are bigger, faster,

and scarier than ever.

The Family Car POETRY 44

Sequence • Compound Words • Maps

Instructions for Earth’s Dishwasher POETRY 52

Draw Conclusions • Context Clues • Graphs

Top 5 U.S Foundations GRAPHS 60

Main Idea and Details • Context Clues

• Time Lines

Mary Youngblood TIME LINES 68

Issue 5

Issue 6

Issue 7

Issue 8

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Mysterious Pyramids!

Not all flowers are sweet

Take a whiff of the world’s smelliest bloom.

NASA spacecraft are giving us the

closest looks ever of the Red Planet

The Final Frontier

A3TFK_TXNA_I12FP_RD11.indd 93 1/30/09 9:22:40 AM

Author’s Purpose • Context Clues • Maps

Eletelephony POETRY 76

Author’s Purpose • Context Clues

• Photos and Captions

Mighty Monarchs MAPS 84

Draw Conclusions • Context Clues • Diagrams

Roller Coaster POETRY 92

Author’s Purpose • Context Clues • Time Lines

How Spirit Landed DIAGRAMS 100Issue 12

Issue 11 Issue 10 Issue 9

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New tools are helping to predict when

volcanoes will blow.

Water

Troubles

A3TFK_TXNA_I13FP_RD11.indd 101 1/30/09 9:23:18 AM

Explore the success and challenges of

the world’s largest democracy.

takes the ﬁ rst photos

of the ocean giants.

No More Water POETRY 108

Sequence • Context Clues • Maps

The Inca Empire MAPS 116

Cause and Effect • Homophones • Diagrams

How Diamonds Form DIAGRAMS 124Issue 15

Issue 14

Issue 13

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A journey to Africa teaches kids

about this fascinating nation

Dollars and Sense

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Grameen Bank help bring

millions of people out of poverty

Yunus is from Bangladesh He

founded the Grameen Bank to help

his community Yunus wanted to

give the poor the power to change

their lives for the better

Loans Help Poor Escape Poverty

In 1983, Yunus founded Grameen Bank It loans small amounts of money to people to start businesses These loans are called “microcredit.” They are given to people who are unable to get loans from regular banks Most microcredit loans are very small, around $130 Most of the borrowers are women This is odd because women do not usually have jobs or run businesses in Bangladesh

Small Loans, Big Gains

Since Muhammad Yunus founded

Grameen Bank in 1983, the bank’s

size and impact in Bangladesh have

grown This graph tells the story

Muhammad Yunus won the Nobel Peace Prize.

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In Bangladesh microcredit

is helping some people start strong businesses.

Yunus’s idea caught on Microcredit

is now available in more than 100

countries, including the United States

With their microcredit loans,

millions of people have brought

themselves and their families out of

poverty One woman in Bangladesh

borrowed $120 to buy a cow A year

later she had repaid the loan and

bought chickens Nine years later she

moved from a shack to a brick house

and owned land In the United States,

a microcredit loan of $2,500 helped

an unemployed woman to open

a day-care center

Yunus didn’t stop with the Grameen Bank

He started a company to provide cell phone

makes solar panels in areas where there

is no electricity Yunus has also started

a food company and an eye hospital

Since the Grameen Bank began, it

has lent over $5.72 billion In 2006,

Yunus won the Nobel Peace Prize,

one of the biggest honors in the world

Microcredit loans may be small, but

their impact on the world is very big

These Bangladeshi women are receiving loans from the Grameen Bank.

Nicholas Pitt/Getty Images

Philippe Lissac/Godong/Corbis

Issue 1 • 7

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C lass S afari A teacher from Kenya

takes his American students back home.

It’s an early wake-up call for

C.J Queenan It’s 5:00 A M !

C.J doesn’t get up that early at

home in Virginia Well, maybe

to eat breakfast once in a while

but never to herd cows! But C.J

isn’t at home He is in Africa,

on the plains of Kenya He is

visiting the Masai people He is

helping them with their cattle

C.J even carries a spear to keep

the lions away.

Yes, it’s a tough job for a year-old from Virginia, but C.J sticks it out He wants to keep

14-up with the Masai tribesmen

“The Masai can’t call people on cell phones to rescue them when they get tired,” C.J says

↑ “I feel like teachers are role models Just like the elders in my village,” says Joseph Lekuton He is wearing Masai clothes and is surrounded by his students

8 • Time For Kids

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C.J.’s trek to Africa isn’t a vacation

It’s part of classes at Langley School

C.J.’s teacher is Joseph Lekuton He

is a member of Africa’s Masai tribe of

Kenya Every summer Lekuton takes

some of his students and their parents

on a two-week trip to his homeland

Kenya is a whole new world for the

kids from Virginia When they get

there, the American kids put on Masai

clothing Boys herd cattle Girls collect

firewood and water Families depend

on their cattle As a result, the Masai

and the students have to move a lot

so the cattle have grass to eat.

Masai tribesmen get students ready for a cattle

drive It will go across African grasslands ↓

Dividing the Land

Many Kenyans travel from place to place to

feed their cattle They also farm the land

This graph shows how land in Kenya is used.

Forests and woodlands Other, including cities

37%

30% 25% 1% 7%

The World Factbook

Issue 1 • 9

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= 1 million tourists

Tunisia 7.1 million

South Africa 7.51 million

Morocco 5.84 million

Zimbabwe 1.55 million

Swaziland 0.83 million

Cows to the Rescue

Back in the United States, Kenya is on

the minds of the students at Langley

School all year Droughts have killed

many cattle in Kenya, so the students

created Cows for Kids The money

they raise buys cows for Masai

herders Each cow costs about $100

“One cow means more to the health

of a family than cash,” says Lekuton

“Here we’re really giving life A cow

will give a child milk every day.”

Every time Lekuton sees a little boy herding cows,

he thinks, “How can I help make his life better?” ↓

Top 5 African Countries for Tourists

The graph shows the countries in Africa most

visited by tourists in 2005.

Source: World Tourism Organization, 2006

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Lekuton wants to help people

in his homeland—and in his new

home “I’m just trying to give

my students a different way of

thinking,” says Lekuton He says

helping the Masai is just one step

He hopes the kids will discover

ways to help those in the United

States who need it, too

Giraff es can run as fast as

32 miles an hour Who will win this race? →

Yann Arthus-Bertrand/Corbis

The Masai is one of 40 tribes that live in Kenya Those 40

tribes speak more than 30 languages The Kikuyu is Kenya’s

largest tribe The Luo is another group U.S President Barack

Obama’s father is Luo Many of the people are fishers They

are also great storytellers

The lands of Kenya are as different as the tribes

There are wide grasslands in Kenya The country also

has deserts and forests Thousands of people visit

Kenya each year Most of them go on safari A safari

is a special kind of trip It gives people the chance

to look at animals in nature People who visit

Kenya take their cameras along They return

home with photos of elephants, lions, giraffes,

Issue 1 • 11

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City Height

(feet)

Maximum Temperature (°F)

Minimum Temperature (°F)

The climate of Kenya is tropical.

That means it is warm most

of the year The coast of Kenya

is humid The inner part of the

country is cooler The north

is very dry These are the

average temperatures of major

Kenya

12

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Making Maps

Green

Machine!

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Central Intelligence Agency/Library of Congress Geography and Map Division

Two Maps:

One New, One Old

Two Maps:

One New, One Old

Maps help people describe the world.

Look at the two maps on these pages One is

more than 200 years old The other is from today

They both show North America

North America is a continent,

or a large body of land The

United States is part of North

America So are Canada

and Mexico.

Modern Map

Take a look at this map It

is a modern map of North

America Find the edges of

the United States The edge of

a country is called a boundary

What are the names of the

two countries that touch the

United States? One is Canada

One is Mexico.

What bodies of water are at

the edges of the United States?

(Bodies of water can be oceans,

gulfs, lakes, or rivers.)

On the East Coast is the Atlantic

Ocean To the south is the Gulf of

Mexico To the west is the Pacific Ocean

↑ Today, mapmakers use technology

to help them create maps

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Library of Congress Geography and Map Division

↑ This map from 1804 was drawn

by hand.

Old MapTake a look at this map It was made in 1804 That’s more than

of the United States today?

The Atlantic Ocean is still a boundary today.

There are some important differences between the modern map and the old map One

important difference is the size

of the United States It is much larger now This is becaues the boundaries of the United States have changed It now stretches from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean — Susan Moger

Making Maps

Cartography is different now than it was 200 years

ago because of technology Satellites orbit Earth

They take pictures and gather information about

landforms As a result, mapmakers use this

information to help them make maps

They also use computers to

measure and draw accurately.

Issue 2 • 15

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an a green machine help the world’s poorest kids learn better? Nicholas Negroponte thinks

so He and his team of scientists have invented a new type of computer As a result, many children who live in poverty will have their very own laptop computer!

Negroponte works at a university He started

a group called One Laptop Per Child (OLPC)

It is a nonprofit organization The people at OLPC don’t work for money They work to help children learn OLPC makes computers that don’t cost a lot Then they sell the machines to governments of countries

that have many people living in poverty The governments then give the computers to kids for free The low price means millions of kids can receive a laptop

By Jill Egan

Nicholas Negroponte with his laptop →

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The XO laptop computers

are made for school-aged

children in developing

nations Many of these

children live in remote

areas and go to schools

with outdoor classrooms

In order to work, the

laptops have to be

durable and

student-friendly

The machines have

many fun features like

a built-in video camera,

voice recording, and

games The wireless

network lets students

share information on the

Web, edit work, and read

e-books They also can

make music and chat

with friends

Another great feature

is the battery It can be hand

charged by a crank, pedal,

or pull cord It also can be

recharged by attaching to a

solar panel The crank makes

the machine very resourceful

Because of these features the

XO laptops make learning fun while helping the environment

Marcelo Hernandez/Wide World Photos/AP Images

A teacher helps a student using the XO laptop ↓

Issue 2 • 17

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Colorful Computers

The laptops have a colorful nickname—“the green

machine.” Negroponte thinks his green machines

could make a difference in the lives of millions of

kids He says, “Every single problem you can think

of—poverty, peace, the environment—is solved

with education.”

One Laptop Per Child

OLPC plans to give out over ten million computers

in the next few years Kids in Thailand, Nigeria,

Brazil, and Argentina will get most of them China

and Egypt also want to take part in the program

After that, Negroponte hopes to sell computers to

other countries with high poverty Once the kids

get them, they can start cranking away!

Because of OLPC, every student in Villa Cardal,

Uruguay, owns an XO laptop ↓ Marcelo Hernandez/Wide World Photos/AP Images

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Countries Getting the Green Machines

Here are facts about school kids in some of the nations

that are getting “green machines.”

Thailand

Kids go to school

on Saturday.

Nigeria

Boys and girls

must have short

hair and wear

uniforms to school.

Argentina

In the country some kids

ride horses to school

5:00 P.M., including a two-hour lunch break

years, beginning at age six or seven

hours in the morning or afternoon

Africa

Asia North

America

South America

Australia Europe

Sophie Kitteredge

← As a result of Nicholas Negroponte’s hard work, students around the world can explore and express themselves with the new XO Laptop

illiam B Plo wman/W ide W orld Phot os/

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Here are two tall tale heroes The stories about them aren’t true, but they do say

a lot about the American spirit

They say Pecos Bill was raised

by coyotes He became the

greatest cowboy of all time

He had courage and strength

Paul Bunyan was a lumberjack

He cut down trees in the north woods Paul was strong and always worked hard

Pecos Bill was

in Minnesota, Wisconsin, and Michigan.

One legend says that the

entire state of New Mexico

was Pecos Bill’s ranch.

Pecos Bill rode a tornado in Kansas.

20

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Scientists learn new facts about the sun.

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For thousands of years, the sun has played an important

part in where—and how—buildings are built

Everyone who designs a

building needs to understand

sunlight and shadow

The Sun and Stonehenge

Stonehenge is an ancient circle

of stones built in the middle of

a field in England No one knows

how the enormous stones got

there or why they were placed

the way they were If you stand

in the middle of the stone circle

on most mornings, you won’t

notice anything special

But on the first official day of summer (called the summer solstice), which is the longest day of the year, the sun rises behind one of the biggest stones The sun looks like a fiery ball balancing on the towering stone.

Whoever built Stonehenge knew a lot about the movement

of the sun They also knew a lot about light and shadow

Bill Bachmann/Photo Researchers

For thousands of years, the sun has played an important

The sun rises over Stonehenge

on the summer solstice

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Sunshine in Your Bedroom

The builders of Stonehenge

weren’t so different from

today’s architects—people

with special training in how to

design buildings Architects

think about light and shadow

when they design houses, parks,

skyscrapers, and even factories

Architects know where the

sun rises and sets If they were

building a house in an empty

field, they could make the

bedroom face east for morning

light They could make the living

room face west in the direction

of sunsets.

Most of the time, though, architects design houses to fit into a neighborhood They design skyscrapers to fit into

a city How do they know whether their buildings will block someone else’s light? How

do they know whether existing buildings, trees, or hills will make their new building too dark?

Architects build models that show the planned building and the buildings and structures around it Sometimes they

use computers to build the models, and sometimes they use cardboard and wood The models help architects to figure out just how to place their

building to get the most from the sun — Lisa Jo Rudy

← Today, architects make models that show how sunlight and shadow will affect new buildings.

↑ Architects think about sunlight and shadow when they design buildings.

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Scientists take a closer look at the sun.

one It gives off light and heat It warms sunbathers and

helps plants grow However, our nearest star is really

a fi ery ball of gas, with a stormy surface that burns at

11,000 degrees Fahrenheit

The sun is 93 million miles away Even so, the stormy solar weather can cause problems on Earth Solar

storms can knock out TV transmissions, electricity, and

phone service They have even caused satellites to slip

out of orbit Scientists want to know more about how

the sun causes these dilemmas Fortunately, they have a

lot of help from some amazing space probes

The sun’s surface gives off

charged particles called ions

They can move at up to

2 million miles per hour →

(bkgd) Detlev van Ravenswaay/Photo Researchers

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Eyes on the Sun

Since December 1995 the SOHO probe has

been circling the sun SOHO stands for

Solar and Heliospheric Observatory

SOHO takes close-up photos of the sun

It also measures energy coming from the

sun SOHO has discovered bands of gas

that dive deep inside the sun

The gas streams may help explain the

sun’s 11-year cycle Every 11 years the number

of sunspots and flares on the sun increases Sunspots

are cooler patches on the sun’s surface They look like

dark spots Sunspots form where the sun’s magnetic

field is very strong Flares are bursts of energy that

shoot into space from the sun Sunspots and flares

can disrupt communications on Earth The radiation

can also harm astronauts in orbit What controls this

11-year cycle? It may be the streams of gases below

the sun’s surface

Some sunspots are

thousands of miles

across Solar ﬂ ares

form above them →

John Chumack/Photo Researchers

The ACE probe gives people

on Earth and astronauts in space information about solar winds.

NASA

Issue 3 • 25

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The ACE probe is also sending data to Earth ACE

stands for Advanced Composition Explorer ACE’s

job is to track the solar wind This is a stream of

particles that bursts out from the sun The particles are

incredibly hot—2 million degrees Fahrenheit! The wind

spreads through the whole solar system The solar wind

affects weather on all the planets, including Earth

Scientists have learned much about the sun The star

is more than just a silent neighbor “We used to think

the inside of the sun was fairly simple,” says astronomer

John Harvey “But that was

before we [were able]

to see into it.”

More than 1.3 million Earths

could fit inside the sun.

The temperature at the

center of the sun is 27 million

degrees Fahrenheit.

The sun is an average star

There are 100 billion stars in

our galaxy Many are bigger

and hotter.

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The sun holds 99 percent of the total mass

of the solar system Its gravity keeps all the

planets in orbit ↓

The Solar System

sun’s gravity Here is the solar system Pluto was once

thought to be the ninth planet It is now removed from

the list of planets

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Today is very boring, it’s a very boring day, there is nothing much to look at, there is nothing much to say, there’s a peacock on my sneakers, there’s a penguin on my head, there’s a dormouse on my doorstep,

I am going back to bed.

Today is very boring,

it is boring through and through, there is absolutely nothing

that I think I want to do,

I see giants riding rhinos, and an ogre with a sword, there’s a dragon blowing smoke rings,

I am positively bored.

Today is very boring,

I can hardly help but yawn, there’s a flying saucer landing

in the middle of my lawn,

a volcano just erupted less than half a mile away, and I think I felt an earthquake, it’s a very boring day

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The Statue of Liberty welcomes visitors

and immigrants to America

A Rich Legacy

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Mayme Clayton left a legacy of

African American cultural riches.

M ayme Clayton collected books, magazines,

and letters written by African Americans

Her son, Avery Clayton, thought her collection

was important Unlike most books, these were rare

and hard to find They were written by authors

who helped shape African American

culture

One book in the

collection was written by

Phillis Wheatley Wheatley

was a slave who wrote poetry

She was the first African

American to publish a book

Wheatley herself signed the

book in the Claytons’ collection

No one else owns a copy signed

by Phillis Wheatley

By the time she died at age 83,

Mrs Clayton had more than 30,000 books

by or about black people Her collection also

includes papers about slaves, photographs,

movies, sheet music, and personal letters by

black leaders and artists It is one of the biggest

private collections of African American history

and culture in the United States

Maris

sa Roth/T

he Ne

w York Times/R edux

Mayme Clayton left a legacy of

African American cultural riches

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Avery Clayton’s dream was to create

a museum for his mother’s treasures

Scholars say that Mrs Clayton’s

collection is extremely important

Without her work, part of African

American heritage would have been

lost “We didn’t know these things

existed,” says Sara Hodson of

California’s Huntington Library

The collection’s new home is likely

to be in Culver City, California Part of

Avery Clayton’s dream is to share the

cultural riches his mother collected

with others He especially wants kids

to have a chance to see the collection

“African American culture is currently

being defined by pop culture,” he says

“It’s important to offer a more

complete picture.” — Kathryn Satterfield

↑ Avery Clayton with

a poster from his mother’s collection

Mayme Clayton was a bibliophile (bib•li•o•phile)

A bibliophile is a person who collects books Here are

some of the other cool names that collectors are called

Conchologist (con•chol•o•gist): a person who

collects shells.

Discophile (dis•co•phile): a person who collects music

Numismatist (nu•mis•ma•tist): a person who collects

coins, tokens, and paper money.

Philatelist (phi•lat•e•list): a person who collects stamps.

Issue 4 • 31

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A safer, more secure

Trang 35

E very year thousands of visitors to New York

City come to see the Statue of Liberty For

more than 100 years, they were allowed to walk inside and climb the 354 steps to the crown.

All of that changed on September 11, 2001

After the terrorist attacks, the statue and its

grounds on Liberty Island were closed The island reopened three months later, but the statue

remained closed Officials allowed visitors to enter the statue beginning in the summer of 2004 Now, though, tourists can only climb to the top of the

statue’s pedestal.

A Towering Symbol

The Statue of Liberty is different from other

famous American symbols Unlike the United

States flag or the White House it was not made

in the United States The Statue of Liberty

came to the United States in 1885 It was a

gift from the people of France It recognized

the friendship between the countries during

the American Revolution.

Corbis

The head of the Statue of

Liberty in Paris, France, 1883

Issue 4 • 33

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The statue became a symbol of freedom and democracy Immigrants saw it and knew they were safe and free Before 9/11, nearly 6 million people toured Lady Liberty each year After 9/11, the number of visitors fell by about 40 percent.

To get into the Statue of Liberty, visitors must call ahead They must go through security

systems It’s better than not getting in at all U.S Representative Anthony Weiner of New York says that the reopening is “great news.” But he hopes tourists will one day experience the thrill of

climbing the statue “Reopening the statue can mean only one thing: reopening all of it.”

Archive Holdings/Getty Images WizData/Alamy

Today Around 1900

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Immigrants have brought many things to

America Their customs, languages, and foods

have shaped our culture In fact, many of the

words we use today come from other languages

Here are just a few.

Charlie DeLeo is a volunteer

who works inside the

Statue of Liberty He has

been on the job for more

than 30 years DeLeo has

made about 2,500 trips to

the top of the statue’s

flame He goes up to the

top of her torch every

month There, he replaces

burned-out lights and

removes bird droppings

Charlie DeLeo,

Keeper of the Flame

Alligator

From the Spanish word el lagarto,

meaning the lizard.

From the Arabic word jarrah,

meaning large earthen vase

Kindergarten

From the German words Kinder and

Garten meaning children’s garden

Tycoon

From the Japanese word taikun,

meaning great prince.

Immi g rants have brou g ht man y thin g s to

America Their customs languages and foods

Issue 4 • 35

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What celebrations

are important

to you and

your family?

The United States is known as a “melting pot.”

People from all over the world come here That

makes the United States a nation with many

different cultures and traditions Just look at these

“international” celebrations that we can all enjoy!

Celebration When It’s

Celebrated What It Celebrates

Cinco de Mayo May 5 Mexican culture

and heritage

Columbus Day October 12 Columbus landing

in the New World;

European culture, especially Italian,

in North America

Kwanzaa December 26–

January 1

African American family, community, and culture

Oktoberfest 16 days in late

September, early October

The culture of the part of Germany known as Bavaria

St Patrick’s Day March 17 Irish culture

The United States is known as a “melting pot.”

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New roller coasters are bigger, faster, and scarier than ever.

Trang 40

When Jon and Sandy Spallino go to the store,

they drive in style They are the first family in the

world to drive the FCX What makes this $1 million car

so special? It doesn’t use gasoline Instead, it gets its

power from fuel cells

What Are Fuel Cells?

Fuel cells use hydrogen and oxygen for power

Hydrogen and oxygen are elements Elements are the

building blocks of nature Everything on Earth is made

of one or more elements There is a lot of hydrogen in

the universe Like hydrogen, there is plenty of oxygen

on Earth Unlike the oil that is used to make gasoline,

hydrogen and oxygen are easy to find Their supply

is also endless Fuel cells change these elements into

electric power That electricity then runs the car

Fuel-cell cars are different from cars in another

way They run cleaner Most cars run on gasoline

An engine burns the gasoline to make

the car go The burning produces

pollution as waste Fuel

cells make waste, too

However, the waste is

just water.

Kyodo News/Newscom

This car looks like an ordinary car But it uses hydrogen and oxygen as fuel

hen Jon a n d S a n d dy S pa llin o g o t o t he st ore,

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