- Trong ví dụ b Mệnh đề who is sitting next to my friend bổ nghĩa cho N the woman.. Function of connectors -Chức năng liên từ trong mệnh đề tính ngữ.. S O1 S1 V1 V Ta thấy trong câu trên
Trang 1ADJECTIVE CLAUSE A to Z
MỆNH ĐỀ TÍNH NGỮ từ A-Z
1 Position and function -vị trí và chức năng.
a) Beautiful woman
Adj → N
b) The woman who is sitting next to my friend is our new teacher
N ← Adj Clause
- Trong ví dụ a) tính từ beautiful bổ nghĩa và đứng trước N woman
- Trong ví dụ b) Mệnh đề who is sitting next to my friend bổ nghĩa cho N the woman
Adj Cls =Adj
Adj Cls đứng sau N nó bổ nghĩa
2 Function of connectors -Chức năng liên từ trong mệnh đề tính ngữ
Đặc trưng của Adj Cls chính là các connectors (liên từ )như : who, whom, which,
that, where…Làm thế nào để ta có thể chọn đúng connectors cho Adj Cls
c) The woman who is sitting next to my friend is our new teacher
S S1 V1 V
→Who làm S1 trong Adj Cls
2.1 Liên từ làm S:
d) The woman who is sitting next to my friend is our new teacher
S1 V1
-Liên từ làm S gồm : who(chỉ người), which(chỉ vật) , that(cả người và vật)
2.2 Liên từ làm O của Verb:
e) The girl who(whom/that) I love is beautiful
S O1 S1 V1 V
Ta thấy trong câu trên thì liên từ who còn có chức năng là làm tang ngữ O1 của V1
(love)
- Các liên từ dùng làm O của Verb : who/whom (chỉ người), which (chỉ vật), that( dùng
chung)
Note:Liên từ làm O của V có thể ẩn đi được:
f) The woman I love is beautiful
Trang 22.3 Liên từ làm O của giới từ (Preposition –Prep)
Xuất phát từ câu gốc:
g) I sent the letter to the address The address is in Hanoi
Prep → O
Trong câu trên the address là tân ngữ (O) của giới từ (prep) to
Hai câu trên sẽ được ghép lại thành câu có Adjcls
h) The address to which I sent the letter is in Hanoi
Prep → O
i) The address which I sent the letter to is in Hanoi
O ← prep
- Như vậy khi liên từ làm O của prep thì ta có 2 cách viết
1.prep+ connector (to which) như ví dụ h)
2.prep đứng cuối adjcls ( I sent the letter to) như ví dụ i)
- Các liên từ dùng làm O của giới từ : whom (chỉ người) , which (chỉ vật)
Note: Không sử dụng : who , that
2.4 Liên từ làm tính từ sở hữu (whose)
j) He is our new CEO His car is very expensive
Trong câu thứ 2 ta thấy có adj sở hữu his Khi ghép câu với Adj Cls thì các tính từ sở
hữu như his,her,my,their sẽ được chuyển thành whose
k) He is our new CEO whose car is very expensive
Adj sở hữu → N
2.5 Liên từ làm adv chỉ nơi chốn (where, in which)
l) He is coming back to his hometown He was born and grew up in his hometown
He is coming back to his hometown where (in which) he was born and grew up
3 Adj Clause với liên từ theo cụm (two of whom, none of which…)
Đôi khi liên từ trong Adj Cls không chỉ là những liên từ đơn như who, whom, which,
that mà còn có dạng cụm với giới từ of : two of whom, none of which…
m) I have many friends Two of them are from Macau
I have many friends two of whom are from Macau
n) I have three cars None of them are cheap
I have three cars none of them are cheap
Trang 34 Adj Clause với N cụ thể, xác định:
Trong câu có Adj Cls nếu N mà AdjCls đó bổ xung ý nghĩa là rõ rang thì ta phải dùng dấu , để tách Adj Cls ra
o) Christiano Ronaldo , who is a famous soccer player , is also very rich
N(xác định) ← Adj Cls
p) Christiano Ronaldo , a famous soccer player , is also very rich
N(xác định) ← Adj Cls
Hoặc câu o) có thể rút gọn lại như ví dụ p)
5 Rút gọn Adj Clause:
Mệnh đề tính ngữ sẽ có 3 cách rút gọn sau đây :
5.1 Dạng chủ động -Ving
q) The man who wrote the letter is Mr Mike
active V
The man writing the letter is Mr Mike
r) Do you know the boy who broke the window yesterday?
Do you know the boy breaking the window yesterday?
5.2 Dạng bị động -Vpp
s) The man who was arrested by the police is Mr Mike
passive V
The man arrested by the police is Mr Mike
t) Do you know the boy who was punished by headmaster yesterday?
Do you know the boy punished by headmaster yesterday?
5.3 Dạng nguyên thể -to Verb ( the first, only,last…)
u) He is the only one who knows the answer
He is the only one to know the answer
v) He is the last person who left the ship
He is the last person to leave the ship
- Trong câu xuất hiện the first, only, last, best hoặc một dạng so sánh nhất thì Verb trong Adj Cls sẽ được rút gọn thành to Verb
Trang 4x, Tom was late, which surprised me
=Tom was late That surprised me
y, The elevator is out of order, which is too bad
=The elevator is out of order.That is too bad
- Trong cả hai ví dụ bên trên thì liên từ which được dùng để thay thế cho toàn bộ mệnh đề phía trước và khi đó which dịch là “điều này”
MULTIPLE CHOICE Choose a, b, c, or d that best completes the sentence
1 To calm his angry girlfriend, John offered an apology Jane did not accept
2 Michelle screamed when she saw the spider dangled from the one clean bathroom towel
3 Brian said goodnight to his roommate continued to play video games until his eyes were blurry with fatigue
4.The children skateboard in the sfreet are especially noisy in the early evening
5 We have many blessings for those we are deeply grateful to
6 Women work are happier than those don’t work
7 It took me a while to get used to people eat pop-corn during the movie
8 He is the man I wanted to speak to and name I’d forgotten
9 This is the house I lived when I first came to the US
Trang 5a where b that c.when d in which
11 The family burnt in the fire was immediately given a suite in a hotel
12.My friend eventually decided to get divorced, upset me a lot
13 I saw a lot of new people at the party, seemed familiar
14.The reason I have continued to work for that company is the job security
16 The old man and his two dogs were seriously burnt in the fire last week have
gradually recovered
17 The woman hair is long and curly is the new secretary, Mrs Chan
18 used to be the tallest building in the world, is still a popular tourist attraction
19 was the first president of the United States, is a symbol of honesty, bravery, and patriotism
20 It was Peter and Mary often came to help me whenever I was in need
21.The new store , is currently undergoing construction , will have its grand opening sometime next spring
Trang 6room please claim them at the lost and found office?
23.The company has hired a consultant for _ who is in need of help with his personal problems
24.The president, comments in a press conference last week aroused considerable criticism ,will again address the media today
25.Marketing is a profession _ has always interested me
26.Unfortunately, several patients at the hospital have been struck by a disease for there is no known cure
27.Our new department head was among the first Americans of Asian origin _ from Harvard University
28.Our research department has recently developed a new computer system to guide the production robots in the factory
29 From this campaign, we have learned that the decision to sell at a lower price has no effect on _who are seeking quality
30 We provide a range of services to meet the specific industry and market dynamics our clients face
31.John always donates some money to local charities every month, he feels is a good deed
32. with competition , from the glass and plastic industries, aluminum can manufacturers are currently working on developing new shapes and features for their products
Trang 733. experienced significant growth in Western Europe , the company is planning to expand operations in Eastern Europe