chu de 2 moi truong

chu de 2 moi truongchu de 2 moi truongchu de 2 moi truongchu de 2 moi truongchu de 2 moi truongchu de 2 moi truongchu de 2 moi truongchu de 2 moi truong

Tiếp sau chủ đề 1-GIÁO DỤC sẽ là chủ đề về MÔI TRƯỜNG,đây là chủ đề được nhiều bạn quan tâm và

dự đoán sẽ xuất hiện trong đề thi năm nay

A-TỪ VỰNG

I Danh từ về chủ đề môi trường:

TỪ VỰNG TIẾNG ANH Chủ đề 2: MÔI TRƯỜNG

Tài liệu dùng để học từ vựng theo chủ đề phục vụ cho kì thi THPT Quốc gia

https://www.facebook.com/groups/tienganh.conguyetca.cohoangxuan.hocmai/

ADMIN:VÕ MINH NHÍ

 Shortage/ the lack of: sự thiếu hụt

II Tính từ về chủ đề môi trường:

 Thorny/head-aching/head splitting: đau đầu

III Động từ về chủ đề môi trường:

 Dispose/release/get rid of: thải ra

hậu/nóng lên toàn cầu

trường/hệ sinh thái dưới nước/tầng ozon/rặng san hô

dưới nước

nhiên/hệ sinh thái ven bờ/giống loài có nguy cơ tuyệt chủng

sống và hồ/luồng nước/không khí/bầu khí quyển/môi trường/đại dương

 Contaminate groundwater/the soil/food/crops: làm ô nhiễm nguồn nước ngầm/đất/thực phẩm/mùa màng

những đe dọa/ảnh hưởng/tác động của biến đổi khí hậu

nóng lên toàn cầu

soát sự ô nhiễm không khí, nước, bầu khí quyển, môi trường

thiên nhiên

sinh thái ven bờ

xói mòn đất/sự đánh bắt cá quá mức/sự phá hủy rừng trên diện rộng/sự tàn phá hệ sinh thái

đới/loài động vật có nguy cơ tuyệt chủng

B-PHÂN TÍCH MỘT SỐ TỪ VÀ CỤM TỪ THƯỜNG GẶP

Các vấn đề môi trường

1 carbon footprint: tổng cộng sự thải chất carbon dioxide của một cá nhân hoặc tổ

chức và các khí ga nhà xanh khác được tạo ra bởi các hành động hàng ngày của họ

Ex: She"s been on three international flights this year, so she"s worried about her carbon footprint (Cô ta đã đi trên 3 chuyến bay quốc tế trong năm này, vì thế cô ta lo lắng về chất thải cacbon của mình.)

2 the greenhouse effect: một sự tăng trưởng trong khối lượng chất carbon dioxide và các khí khác

trong không khí mà phần lớn các nhà khoa học cho rằng gây ra sự ấm lên của trái đất

Ex: Pollution from cars, factories and planes all contribute to what"s known as the greenhouse effect (Sự ô nhiễm từ xe hơi, nhà máy và máy bay đều gây ra cái được gọi là ảnh hưởng nhà xanh.)

Ex: We need to lower our greenhouse gas emissions so that we can reduce the threat of global warming ( chúng ta cần giảm sự thải khí gây hiệu ứng nhà kính để có thể giảm nguy cơ trái đất ấm lên.)

3 global warming / climate change: sự tăng trưởng do con người gây ra trong nhiệt độ trái đất Các

nhà khoa học sử dụng thuật ngữ “sự thay đổi khí hậu” bởi vì một phần của thế giới có thể trở nên lạnh hơn thay vì ấm hơn

Ex: We need to lower our greenhouse gas emissions so that we can reduce the threat of global warming (Chúng ta cần giảm sự thải khí nhà xanh để chúng ta có thể giảm sự đe dọa của sự ấm lên của trái đất.)

4 pollution: phá hoại được gây ra cho nước, không khí…bằng các chất hoặc thải độc hại

Ex: Many of the workers complained that the pollution from the factories was making them ill

(Nhiều công nhân than phiền rằng sự ô nhiễm từ các nhà máy đã làm cho họ ốm bệnh.)

Các giải pháp môi trường

1 a bottle bank: một thùng lớn mà con người bỏ các chai không và các vật thủy tinh khác vào để chất

thủy tinh có thể được sử dụng lần nữa

Ex: We use the bottle bank in town to recycle our green, brown and clear bottles

(Chúng ta sử dụng ngân hàng chai tại trung tâm để tái sử dụng các chai màu xanh, nâu và trong.)

2 recycle: thu nhặt và xử lý rác thải để sản xuất ra các vật liệu hữu ích mà có thể được sử dụng lại

Ex: It"s possible to recycle plastic drink cups to make pencils

(Có khả năng tái sử dụng những chiếc ly bằng nhựa để làm bút chì.)

3 organic: không sử dụng các chất hóa học nhân tạo trong việc trồng trọt cây hoặc nuôi thú vật để lấy

thịt và các sản phẩm khác

Ex: Even though organic food is a bit more expensive I think it tastes so much better because they don"t use any chemicals in making it

(Mặc dù thực phẩm sạch đắt tiền hơn nhưng tôi nghĩ nó ăn ngon hơn bởi vì họ không sử dụng bất kỳ chất hóa học nào để trồng nó.)

4 conserve energy / electricity / power: giữ và bảo vệ cái gì đó không phí phạm

Ex: To conserve electricity, he turned his central heating down and wore more clothes instead

(Để tiết kiệm điện, anh ta giảm máy sưởi trung tâm và mặc thêm áo.)

5 wind farm: các tua bin (các cấu trúc cao với các quạt mà được quay bằng gió) được sử dụng để sản

xuất ra điện từ năng lượng gió

Ex: Everyone says they think wind farms are a good idea but no-one actually wants them near their house because they make such a racket

(Mọi người nói rằng họ cho rằng nông trại gió là một sáng kiến hay nhưng không ai thật sự muốn chúng gần nhà của mình bởi vì chúng tạo ra sự ồn ào.)

C-MỘT SỐ DÀN Ý VÀ BÀI VIẾT VỀ CHỦ ĐỀ MÔI TRƯỜNG

1.Save Environment

Introduction: Our natural environment and surrounding provides us with everything that we ever need

We get air, water, food, and everything else from the environment

Why should we save environment?

1 Global warming is a serious environmental issue The continuous emission of carbon dioxide by

thermal power generating units is the leading cause for the surge in greenhouse gases

2 Natural resources are limited If the natural resources such as oil, coal, etc are used, one day the

world may fall short of these resources

3 High-level of environmental pollution is detrimental for human and animal health

4 Forests are fast depleting It may cause soil erosion and drought situation

5 Excessive use of pesticides and contamination of soil have negatively affected soil output These

fruits and vegetables are not very healthy for human health

How to save environment?

1 We should save drinking water Water is a precious component of our environment It should never

be wasted

2 We should never pollute water Efforts should be made in making significant reduction in both

domestic and industrial disposal in water bodies

3 As far as practicable, the waste products should be recycled to make new items The domestic and

industrial garbage should be segregated as recyclable and non-recyclable before being dumped

4 There should be a zero tolerance policy towards deforestation Each one of us can contribute towards

saving the environment by planting just one tree every-month

5 We can make donations to NGOs that are engaged in planting trees, or in any-way working towards

saving the environment

6 Safer environmental friendly car and vehicles should be used For short distances, people should be

encouraged to use bicycle in place of motor based vehicles

7 The use of environment unfriendly materials such as plastic should be discouraged

8 Instead of dumping domestic garbage in the pond, lake or river, these should

9 A lot of environmental problems would disappear if we stop using petroleum, coal and natural gas as

raw-materials for power generation The focus should entirely shift on renewable sources of energy The use of renewable sources of energy (example solar energy) would help saving the environment from global warming

Paragraph on Save Earth

2.Save Earth

We live on planet earth We get everything for our life from mother earth We should save our planet earth to ensure that our future generations get a safe environment

How to save the earth?

We can save our planet earth by saving our trees, natural vegetation, natural resources, water,

electricity We can take measures for controlling environmental pollution and global warming

Save trees We should plant new trees plant trees The schemes afforestation and reforestation should

be wholeheartedly supported

Save natural vegetation We should use less paper We can make arrangement for recycling of used

paper and other natural products Plants and trees covers and holds the surface of the earth

Save natural resources We all know that the supply of natural resources such as minerals, stones,

coal, oil, etc are limited We can save electricity by putting off the lights when not in use Or we can switch to fans instead of air conditioners during nights

Save water Water is life It is the basic necessity for every human being living on this planet We can

stop throwing wastes into open water bodies At home, we can use water cautiously and ensure that it doesn’t get wasted Remember, a large many people are still deprived of safe pure water “Be the

change that you want to see in this world.”

Save environment from pollution Don’t pollute water by not throwing wastes into waterborne

Minimize air pollution by reducing harmful emissions Use less car, less machines, less electricity, and less plastic goods.Eat organic foods

Save earth from global warming Industries should regularly check that their machines are emitting

smoke within permissible limits Ensure that wastes are discharged only after treatment

3.Global Warming

Introduction: Global Warming means gradual increase in world’s temperature caused by greenhouse

gases The impact of global warming can be seen in sea level, crops, rainfall, and human health

What causes Global Warming?

Massive deforestation, burning of fossil fuels, industrial emissions, etc have resulted to an increase in green-house gases around earth’s atmosphere

The greenhouse-gases trap Sun rays in the earth’s atmosphere causing the temperature to rise resulting

in what is known as global warming

The heat would have otherwise released if the greenhouse-gases were not present in such huge quantity

The warming of atmosphere due to the presence of greenhouse-gases is called greenhouse effect

Greenhouse gases

The main greenhouse gas that is responsible for global warming is carbon dioxide(CO2) Others include nitrous-oxide, chlorofluorocarbon (CFC), methane, etc Greenhouse gases come from various sources

1 Carbon dioxide (CO2): The major greenhouse gas is Carbon dioxide The sources of carbon di-oxideincludes:

 Burning of fossil fuels

 Levels increases as a consequence of deforestation

2 Methane (CH4): Methane is responsible for about 20% of the greenhouse effect The sources of methane includes:

1 Rice,

2 Paddies,

3 Burning of wood,

4 Cattle,

5 Wetland,

6 Land fields, etc

3 Chlorofluorocarbon (CFC): About 15% of greenhouse effect is due to these gases In case of heat absorbing power it is thousand times more effective than CO2 The sources of

chlorofluorocarbonincludes:

1 Air conditioning industry,

2 foam packaging industry, etc

4 Nitrous oxide: Nitrous oxide is responsible for 5% of the greenhouse gases Its sources are:

 Coal burning,

 Breakdown of chemical fertilizers,

 Biomass burning, etc

How to control global warming?

 Stop deforestation (cutting of trees)

 Start and adopt afforestation (establishment of new forests), reforestation (reestablishment of old forests) and other forest conservation methods,

 Reduce the use of fossil fuels in power and electricity generation

4.Water pollution

Water Pollution is the contamination of water bodies It occurs as a result of introduction of pollutants

in water Water is life Still, we contribute in polluting the water bodies in several ways

Water Pollution is mainly caused as a result of improper discharge of household and industrial

chemicals wastes into the water bodies

These dangerous chemicals (in the form of solid, liquid or gases) mixes with water and make it unsafe for living bodies Water pollutants cause harm to human-beings, animals, trees and other constituents of environment

The sources, effects, and control measures of Water Pollution are discussed below

Sources

The Sources of water pollution are:

 Industry: Effluents from the factories

 Sewage: From human excreta to liquids of house hold works, drain water containing feces, urine and other pollutants

 Physical Pollution: heat and ionic radiation

 Different household activities

 Agriculture: Different chemical fertilizers, fungicides, pesticides used in agricultural field are washed out rain water and pollute by the different water bodies

 Minerals: Minerals above a certain level in the soil or present in the rocks, mix with water and results in pollution

Effect of water pollution on human health

 Presence of toxic metals in water may cause skin disease, dysentery, amoebiasis, anorexia, etc

 Radioactive substances present in water may lead to radioactive pollution causing cancer

 In polluted water the different water borne virus, bacteria, and protozoa are present They cause small diseases likely pox, chicken pox, dysentery, amoebiasis, tuberculosis etc

Control of water pollution

 The toxic industrial and agricultural runoff should be properly treated before mixing with water sources

 Drinking water should be properly treated to make it free from any germs

 The sewage system should be much more scientific

 The waste water should be purified before it goes to the river

 The toxic chemicals from industries should be properly treated prior to discharge into the

environment

 Cultivation of Salvinia and Azolla in the pond or lake can fix toxic metal and hence metal

pollution can be reduced

 The domestic or household effluents should be discharged properly

5.Short Paragraph on Environment

Environment consists of both living and non-living things that surround us There is a relationship between living beings and the environment

There is no doubt for the fact that man is an intelligent animal Man is able to influence environment with his activities The effects of man’s activities on environment have been both positive and negative

On one hand, the scientific inventions of man has made human life comfortable On the other hand, these inventions have caused danger for the sustainability of our environment

We travel in vehicles that uses petroleum and emits harmful gases causing air pollution Many of the things of our everyday life such as lights, refrigerator, fans, television, etc run on electricity However, the fossil fuels that are burned to produce electricity causes an increase in greenhouse gases These gases trap the temperature and don’t allow it to get released As a result, the planet earth’s temperature increases that damage the environment This increased in earth’s temperature is called global warming Human-beings are most powerful and intelligent among all living creatures Thus, it is the responsibility

of every human-being to protect and save the environment, so that the future generation may enjoy the gifts of nature and environment

Lưu ý:Khi viết paragraph thì các bạn không được xuống dòng,bài viết trên các bạn sẽ tham khảo về cách diễn đạt ý cũng như cách dẫn dắt vấn đề

Write a paragraph of about 140 words to state the reasons for many species extinction

In my opinion, there are a lot of reasons for species extinction First of all, the habitats of animal and plant species are being destroyed This leads to the fact that animals have no place to live in As a result, they die Besides, lots of species have become extinct because of pollution Finally, human beings keep hunting animals illegally for fur, skins, food and other valuable body parts Because of this, the number

of these animals is getting smaller and smaller day by day To sum up, habitat destruction, pollution and illegal hunting are primary causes of species extinction

Write a paragraph of about 140 words to suggest measures/solutions to protect rare and endangered species from extinction

From my point of view, there are a lot of measures to protect rare and endangered species from extinction First of all, we should protect wildlife habitats by planting more trees or establishing more reserves This helps these species have safe places to live in Besides, we should raise people’s awareness of the conservation need so that they will be willing to contribute to protecting the species that are in danger Last but not least, governments should enact laws to prevent these from being illegally hunted In general, we can take a large number of measures to protect rare and endangered species from becoming extinct

D-NGUỒN KIẾN THỨC THAM KHẢO

Các bạn có thể tham khảo thêm từ vựng,cụm cấu trúc ở

+SÁCH GIÁO KHOA CƠ BẢN TIẾNG ANH 10: Unit 9,10,11

+SÁCH GIÁO KHOA CƠ BẢN TIẾNG ANH 11:Unit 10,11

+SÁCH GIÁO KHOA CƠ BẢN TIẾNG ANH 12:Unit 10

E-BÀI TẬP

Choose one word whose stress pattern is different Identify your answer by circling the

corresponding letter A, B, C or D

Choose from the four options given (marked A, B, C, and D) one best answer to complete each

sentence

11 Sulphur dioxide is one of several ………… that are released into the atmosphere by coal - fired power stations