H Be F Ar
1 - 99.98 0 / 0 9 - 1 00 I 19 - 100% I 36 - 0.3%
He I 10 - 19.9' I 20 - 90.5% I K
4 _ -1 00 I 11 - 80 1 0'0 21 - 0.3 %
22 - 9 3 %1 39 -93.3%
41 - 6 7%
Na
23 - 100 %
C
Li
13 - 1.1 °'0
, N 24 _ 79 _ '0
14 - 99.63 ~'o 25 _ 1 0.0 %
15· 0 37°'0 26 _ 11 0%
1 008
40 - 96.9 %
42 - 0.7"'0
44 - 2.1 °0
Sc
Atomic _
Number
S y mbo l
OKi dation
States
Name
o AI I 4 5 - 1 00
27 - 100% Ti
16 - 99 8%
18 - 02%J Si 46 - 8 0 ~/O
47 · 7 3 %
48 - 73 8 °!0
49 - 5 5 %
29 - 4.7%
30 - 3 1%
50 - 5.4°'0
P
31 - 100 % I V
S 50 51 --990.3.7% %
32 - 95 0%
33 - 0 8% Cr
50 - 4 4 0
52 - 83 8%
53 - 9 5 %
54 - 2.4",' 0
Atomic
W e i ght
4
R adioac t iv Element
1 st Ionization Potential
Mn
55 - 100%
Fe
54 - 5 9 °'0
56 - 9 7%
57 - 2.1°'0
Co
59 - 100
Ni
58 -68 1 Q/o
60 - 26 2 °'0
61 - 1 1 °'0
62 - 3.6°'0
64 - 0 9 %
Cu
63 - 69.2°'0
65 - 30.8%
Zn
64 - 4 8.6°'0
66 - 27.9%
67 - 4.1 %
68 - 1 8° ' 0
Ga
69 - 60.1 %
71 - 39.9°' 0
5
70- 21.2%
72 - 27.7 %
7 3 - 7 7 0 1 0
74 - 35 9 0/ 0
78 - 7 4%
As
75 - 100 °'0
Se
85 - 72 , 2 %
87 - 27.8 %
Sr
86
-87
-9 9°'0
7 0°
88 - 82 6 %
v
89 - 100 °/0
Zr
96 - 5 5 %
98 · 1.9%
99 • 12 7 %
100 - 12 6 '
101 - 17 1%
102 - 31 6 ~o
1 04 - 18 6 %
Rh
103 - 100 °'0
Pd
113 - 4.3% 11 28 - 1 9 % 11 42 _ 2: 1°'°
1 15 - 95 7 % 1 29 - 26.4 °'0 1 43 _ 1 2.20 '0
130 - 4.1 %
Sn 131 _ 21 .2% J 144 -23.8%
11 2 - 1 0 ~'0
116 _ 1 45 °0 1 1 32 -26.9°,0
117 _ 7 7% 134 - 10.4%
11 8 24.20/0 1 36 - 8.9% 1 1 48
-119 - 8 6% Cs 1 0
-120 - 32 6% I 133 - 1 00 %
154 - 2 2 °'0 170 - 3 1 %
1 55 - 14 8°'° 1171 - 1 3 %
156 _ 20.5% 1 72 - 2 9 °'0
157 _ 1 57 °/"0 173 - 1 1%
174 - 31 , 8 %
1 58 - 24 8%
1 60 - 2 1.9%
1 6 - 12 7%
° 1 1 86 - 1..6% 198 -10.0% 209 -100% 1 232 _ 1000,
1 80 - 0 0 '0 187 _ 1 6 °,0 1 99 _ 1 6.9 % P °
' 189 - 161 % 200 - 23 1 % 209 - 100 %
W 1 90 - 26.4°'0 20 1 - 13.2% At 23 1 - 10 0 %
1 92 - 41.0% 202 - 29.9%
210 - 100 0~ I U
182 - 26.3 °0 1 Ir 204 - 6 9 %
235 - 0 7 0
Tb
1 59
-Lu
1 75 _ 97.40/0 1 3 - 14 3%
176 - 2.6% 11 64 - 30 7 %
191 - 37.3% ITI
1 3 - 62 7 % 203 _ 29.5%
Pt
Rn
222 - 1 00 % 238 - 99 3 %
Fr
223 - 100%
205 - 70.5%
18
74
-76
-0 9%
9.4%
90 - 5 5% 1 102 - 1 02°'0 1 1 2 - 4 6° ,0
Hf 186 - 28 6 % 194 - 32 9 °'0 Pb
1 76 _ 5.2 % 1 95 - 33 8° '0
Pm Oy 160
-77 - 7 6° '0
78 - 23 8%
80 - 49 6 %
82 - 8 7%
Br
79 - 50 7 %
91 - 11 2%
92 - 17.2%
9 4 - 17 4 °'0
96 - 2 8°'0
Nb
93 - 1 00%
Mo
92 - 14.8°'0
81 - 49_ % I 94 9.3%
Kr
80 - 2 3 %
82 - 11 6 %
9 5 - 15 9° '0
96 - 16.7 ~lo
97 - 9.6 0 "0
98 - 24 1 %
83 - 11 5 % 1100 - 9 6%
84 - 57 0% Tc
104 - 1 1.1 %,
105 - 22 3 %
106 - 27 3 %
108 - 26 5 0 '0
110 - 11.7%
Ag
10 7 - 51 8%
109 - 48.2%
Cd 106· O 9 ~'o
108 - 0 9 1 '10
110 - 12.5 %
111 - 1 2.8 %
11 2 - 24 1%
113 - 1 2.2%
114 - 28.7%
226 - 1 00 %
134 _ 2.40/0 - syn e c 161 - 18.9°'0 178 _ 27.3% ° 198 - 7 2 % 206 - 24 _ 1 ~o
124 - 5.8°'0
1 35 _ 6 6 0'0 Sm 162 -25 5~0 1 79 - 13.6% 1 85 - 37.4 Yo Au 207 - 22.1 "
121-57 4 0'0 1 ' 163 - 24.9% 1 80 - 35 1% 1 87-62 6% 197 100 208 -52 4°" 227 100%
( H ' T H y 14.01 T8 16.00 T'""9'"19 00
148 - l' 3 o 165 -100%
122 - 2 6 % 1 La 1149 _ 13.8% I Er
123 - 0.9°' 0 1 38 _ 0.1 0'0
1 24 - 4.8% 1 139 -99.gc'"o 11 50 - 7.4% 164 - 1 6%
125 - 7, 1 0
126 - 18.9% Ce
128 - 31 7% 1 1 40 - 88.4 %
130 - 33.9°/0 142 - 11 1%
Pr
1 52 - 26 7% 1 166 - 33 6%
154 - 22.7 1:} 0
Eu
151 - 47,8 %
1 67 - 23 0 %
168 - 26 8%
170 - 14 9 %
Tm
86 - 17 3% 1 93 - syntheHcl 11 6 - 7 5 ~ o 1 27 - 100 °' 0 141 - 1 00 % 1 1 5 3 - 52.2% 1 169 - 1 00
6
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temperature: Keh·in (K) volume: liter (L) = 1.000 mL = 1.0 67 quart pressure: Pasc l Pa (N m2): I aIm = 101.325 Pa
force: Newton N (J ·m); charge: coulomb C
energy: Joule J (kg m2,s2= 0.2390 I calorie
FUNDAMENTAL CONSTANTS
R = 8.31 4 J mole-I K I (o energy calculation)
R = 0.082 I atm mole-I K I (for gas property calcul ation)
Avogadro's Number: N = 6_022 x 12 3 mole - I
Force: Ne\~lOn N = .I1ll -1 = kg m 5 - 1
M ass of a proton mp = 1.673 x 1-27 kg
M ass of a neutron, mn = 1.675 x 1027 kg
Mass of an electron, me = 9.1 lOx 103 1 kg
Planck's Constant, h: 6.626 x 103 4 J 5
Boltzmann constant: k = RIN" = 1.38 1 x I0-2 3 .1 molccule-I K-I
Elementary charge of the electron, e: 1.602 x IO-~ C
Faraday Constant,.7: charge of NA electrons Speed of light in a vacuum c: 2.9979 x 1 0~ III S · I
cubic = sim p l e cu bi
tetra=tetragonal
mono=monoclinic
di sc 199 4 I I di sc 199 6 I dis c 2004
Oennst:iI t s , GennII ny ' D armst3ts, German y Dubna , R ussia
fcc=face-centered cubic rhom=rhombohedra)
- =unknown
D utma R ussl a
a-not disc
- - , J _ H H MEASUREMENT & UNITS T (K ) = T ('C) + 273.16 T ( F) = 9 / 5 x T e C ) + 32 Prefixes:
CO~V'1V1
~
fcc , hex ;;-y hex Y rhom Y bec Y hex Y hex T hex T hex Y hex Y hex Y fcc V - - ; Natural Form
E n t h alpy of Vaporization
BO ilin g P oin t
sp =s ublim at i on p oi nt So lid H Liq ui d