unit 4 bài giảng

Form Dạng: Thể bị động được hình th{nh bởi sự kết hợp của động từ tobe v{ Qu| khứ ph}n từ Past participle To be + Past participle Ex: The house was bought in 2005 English is spoken

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GRAMMAR REVISION: The passive voice

1 Form ( Dạng):

Thể bị động được hình th{nh bởi sự kết hợp của động từ tobe v{ Qu| khứ ph}n từ ( Past participle)

To be + Past participle

Ex: The house was bought in 2005

English is spoken all over the world

The car has been driven several times

The picture could be seen from a long distance

2 Rules of changing active to passive

Active: SUBJECT VERB OBJECT

Passive SUBJECT Be Ved/3 BY OBJECT

Active: Hoa cooks the meal

Passive: The meal is cooked by Hoa

* C|c bước chuyển đổi được tiến h{nh như sau:

O (active) => S (passive)

To be => phù hợp thì với c}u chủ động

V (active) => Past Participle

S (active) => By + O

C|c th{nh phần còn lại => sắp xếp theo cấu trúc

C|c thay đổi về Thì trong c}u bị động:

Simple Present => S + am/ is/ are + PII

Simple Past =>S + was/ were + PII

Simple Future =>S + will + be + PII

Present Continuous =>S + am/ is/ are + being + PII

Past Continuous => S + was/ were + being + PII Present Perfect => S + has/ have been + PII Past perfect => S + had + been + PII

A: People play soccer all over the world

P: Soccer is played all over the world

A: We have visited this place a several times

P: This place has been visited several times

3.Một số hình thức kh|c trong c}u bị động

a.Động từ nguyên mẫu (infinitive) trong c}u bị động

S + am/ is/ are + going tobe + PII

S + have to be + PII

S + V + to be + PII

Ex:

A: I have to finish this report by Friday

Unit 4:

SCHOOL EDUCATION SYSTEM

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TYPE THE DOCUMENT TITLE 2

b Động từ hình th|i (modal verbs) trong c}u bị động

S + modal verbs + be + PII

Ex:

A: We should plant a tree here

P: A tree should be planted here

c Mệnh đề t}n ngữ trong c}u bị động

Mệnh đề t}n ngữ (noun clause) trong c}u bị động có dạng:

It be Ved/3 that + Noun clause

Ex:

It is thought that he is from the royal family

It was believed that he was the best doctor in town

C|ch chuyển đổi c}u có mệnh đề t}n ngữ sang c}u bị động :

Dùng cấu trúc thụ động với It (Mệnh đề t}n ngữ vẫn được giữ nguyên)

A: People say that the dove is the symbol of peace

P: It is said that the dove is the symbol of peace

4 Dùng cấu trúc thụ động với động từ nguyên mẫu

Nếu h{nh động trong mệnh đề t}n ngữ xảy ra trước h{nh động trong mệnh đề chính

=> Perfect infinitive (to have + Ved/3)

A: They say that the robber has got away with $1000

P: The robber is said to have got away with $1000

A: People said that he had won the game

P: He was said to have won the game

Nếu h{nh động trong mệnh đề t}n ngữ xảy ra đồng thời với h{nh động cho mệnh đề chính => Present infinitive (to be + Ving) hoặc Simple infinitive (to V)

A: They said that ABC Company was in trouble

P: ABC Company was said to be in trouble

A: They think that Tom is planning something

P: Tom is thought to be planning something

Nếu h{nh động trong mệnh đề t}n ngữ xảy ra sau h{nh động trong mệnh đề chính, chúng ta dùng Simple Infinitive (to V)

A: We think that the president will resign soon

P: The president is thought to resign soon

5 Một số lưu ý

Nếu chủ từ trong c}u chủ động l{ someone, somebody, everyone, people hoặc c|c đại từ nh}n xưng,

ta có thể bỏ đi c|c cụm túc từ t|c nh}n by + agent

Adv of Places +By + agent + Adv of Times

Trạng từ chỉ thể c|ch thường đứng giữa Be v{ Past participle

CÁC TRƯỜNG HỢP ĐẶC BIỆT:

1 It's your duty to+Vinf

=> You're supposed to+Vinf

Ex: It's your duty to make tea today

=> You are supposed to make tea today

2 It's impossible/ possible to+Vinf

=> S + can't/ can + be + P2

Ex: It's impossible to solve this problem

=> This problem can't be solve

3 It's necessary/ unnecessary to+Vinf

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3

=> S + should/ shouldn’t + be +P2

Ex: It's necessary for you to type this letter

=> This letter should/ must be typed by you

4 It’s important/ essential + to + V + O

=> S + must + be +P2

Ex: It’s important to send this letter

=> This letter must be sent

5 Bị động của c}u mệnh lệnh

=> S + should/must + be +PII

Ex: Turn on the lights!

=> The lights should be turned on

Lưu ý: Sử dụng “ Let”

* Thể (+) V + O

=> Let + O + be + PII

Ex: Do the exercise!

=> Let the exercise be done!

* Thế (-) Don’t + V + O

=> Don’t let + O + be + PII

Ex: Don’t leave him alone!

=> Don’t let him be left alone!

6 Bị động của LET

S + let + O1 + V(bare infi) +O2

=> C|ch 1: S + (be) + let /allowed + to V + O2

C|ch 2: S + let + O2 + be + PII of V + (by O1)

Ex:

He lets me drive his car

=> C1: I’m let/ allowed to drive his car

C2: He lets his car be driven by me

7 Bị động của MAKE

S + make + o + Vinf

=> S + be made to + Vinf

Ex: He makes me work harder

I’m made to work harder by him

8 Cấu trúc " NHỜ AI LÀM GÌ"

S + have + sb + Vinf

get + sb + to Vinf

=> S + have/ get + st + PII

Ex: I have my father repair my bike

=> I have my bike repaired by my father

9 Bị động của SUGGEST

S + suggest + Ving + O

=> S + suggest + that + SO + should + be + PII

Ex: He suggested selling my house

=> He suggested that my house should be sold

10 Bị động của động từ theo sau l{ Ving (love, like, dislike, enjoy, fancy, hate, imagine,….)

S+ V+ sb + Ving

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11 Bị động của NEED/ DESERVE

Sb + need / deserve … + to-V + Sth + …

=> C1: S + (need/ deserve …) + Ving + …

C2: S + (need/ deserve …) + to be+ PII

EX: 1 We need to water the plants every day

=> The plants need watering every day

The plants need to be watered every day

2 My decaying tooth needs pulling out

My decaying tooth needs to be pulled out

12 Một số cấu trúc to be + made

To be made of => chất liệu

Ex: The table is made of wood

To be made from => nguyên liệu bị biến đổi ho{n to{n từ trạng th|i ban đầu để l{m nên vật

Ex: Paper is made from wood

To be made out of => qu| trình l{m ra vật gồm những nguyên liệu

Ex: This cake is made out of milk, coffee and sugar

To be made with => chỉ một trong số những nguyên vật liệu l{m ra vật

Ex: This cake is made with milk

VOCABULARY

Academically (adv) /,ækə'demikəli/: về mặt học

thuật

Speed (n) / spi:d/: tốc độ

Puzzle (n) /'pʌzl/: c}u đố

Measure (v) /'meʒə/: đo

Found (v) / faund/: s|ng lập

Judge (v) /'dʒʌdʒ/: ph|n xét, đ|nh gi|

Average (n) /'ævəridʒ/: trung bình

Score (n) / skɔ:/: điểm

Be entitled to / in'taitl/ : được cho phép l{m gì, có

quyền l{m gì

Straightforward (adj) / ,streit'fɔ:wəd/: thẳng

thắn, không vòng vo

against the clock (idiom): chạy đua với thời gian

initiative (n) / i'ni∫ətiv/: thế chủ động

creative (adj) / kri:'eitiv/: s|ng tạo

drawback (n) / 'drɔ:bæk/: hạn chế

graduate (v) / 'grædʒueit/: tốt nghiệp

basic (adj) / basic/: căn bản

society (n) / sə ‘saiəti/ : x~ hội religious (adj) / ri’liʤəs/ : (thuộc về) tôn gi|o value (n) / ‘vӕlju:/ : gi| trị

individualism (n) /,indi'vidjuəlizm/ : chủ nghĩa c| nh}n

independent (adj) /,indi'pendənt/ : độc lập quality (n) / 'kwɔliti/ : chất lượng

memorize (v) /'meməraiz/: ghi nhớ express (v) / iks'pres/: thể hiện form (v) /fɔ:m/ : hình th{nh opinion (n) / ə'piniən/: quan điểm

by contrast : / 'kɔntræst/ : ngược lại reflect (v) /ri'flekt/ : phản chiếu belief (n) / bi'li:f/: niềm tin goal (n) / goul/: mục tiêu assignment (n) /ə'sainmənt/: b{i tập formal (adj) / 'fɔ:məl/: trang trọng, theo nghi thức

recite (v) / ri'sait/: đọc thuộc lòng

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5

PRACTICE TEST

A PHONETICS AND VOCABULARY

I Choose the word which best fits each gap of the sentence

1 In English school education system, schooling is _ for all English children from

the age of 5 to 16

2 The academic year in England runs from September to July and is divided into three

_

3 Each term is _ by a one-week break called half term

4 The state school system and the public school system are in England

5 The state school system _ 93% of the pupils in England

6 any children who pass the final examination at the secondary school can be _ with

this certificate

7 The school day normally finishes at 3.00 p.m in England

8 Vietnamese students have to take an entrance to go to a college or a univeristy

9 _ should understand that disciplinary actions do not always work with students

10 In some cases, the generational are sometimes more difficult for parents to accept

than the teachers

A discrimination B differences

B GRAMMAR: Choose the best answer

11 I think that the football final match all over the world

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12 Today many serious childhood diseases by early immunization

C were prevented D can be prevented

13 Dr Jones the prize in chemistry by the Nobel Committee

C was being awarded D was awarding

14 In recent years, the government imposed pollution controls on automobile

manufacturers Both domestic and imported automobiles must anti-

pollution

C be equipped with D be equipped by

15 A shortage of water is a problem in many parts in the world In some areas, water

from the ground faster than nature can replenish the supply

A is being taken B has been taken

16 Vitamin C _ by the human body It gets into the blood stream quickly

A absorbs easily B is easily absorbing

C is easily absorbed D absorbed easily

17 “When can I have my car back?”

“I think it’ll _ late in this afternoon”

C have finished D being finished

18 About 15,000 years ago, northern Wisconsin under ice a mile deep

19 The Mayan Indians _ an accurate and sophisticated calendar more than seven

centuries ago

C are developed D have been developed

20 Grass _ by fat cows on the green meadow

C were being eaten D was been eaten

21 The pedestrians in cities _ by automobile

A were not frightening B did not frighten

C will not frighten D are not frightened

22 So much progress that there may be space – flights to Mars

A are being made B is being made

23 Renoir’s paintings _ masterpieces all over the world

A are considered B is considered

24 Millions of pounds worth of damage has _ by a storm which _ across

the north of England last night

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A caused/ has passed B been caused / had been passed

C caused/ passed D been caused / passed

25 Bradford Hall as home for City Arts Centre for the last ten years

26 Sometimes printing errors after the newspaper has been published

A are discovered B have been discovered

C had been discovered D would be discovered

27 Last night a tornado through the village It _ destroyed everything in its

path

28 The hotel, which last month, has _ with modern facilities

A has completed/ being equipped B was completed/ been equipped

C completed/ equipped D completed / been equipped

29 In some rural areas, health care _ by a small number of doctors and nurses

C is being provided D provides

30 Many people believe we can look forward to the day when even our household

jobs like cleaning and decorating _ by computer-control robots

C are being done D will be doing

C READING

I Read the passage and choose the best answer

A In a Western society such as the United States or Canada, which has many national,

religious, and cultural differences, people highly value individualism—the differences

among people—and independent thinking Teachers place a lot of importance on the

qualities that make each student special The educational systems in these countries

show these values Students do not often memorize information Instead, they

work individually and find answers by themselves, and they express their ideas in

class discussion At an early age, students learn to form their own ideas and opinions

B In most Asian societies, by contrast, the people have the same language, history, and

culture Perhaps for this reason, the educational system in much of Asia reflects

society's belief in group goals and traditions rather than individualism Children in

China, Japan, and Korea often work together and help one another on assignments In

the classroom, the teaching methods are often very formal The teacher lectures, and

the students listen There is not much discussion Instead, the students recite rules or

information that they have memorized

C The advantage of the educational system in North America, on the other hand, is that

students learn to think for themselves They learn to take the initiative—to make a

decision and take action without someone telling them what to do The system

prepares them for a society that values creative ideas There is, however, a drawback, a

disadvantage When students graduate from high school, they haven't studied as many

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United States or Canada shows

A religious difference B the differences among people

C independent thinking D B and C

32 Thanks to the teaching method that value individualism, students

A often memorize information

B form their own ideas at an early age

C work together on assignments

D listen to teachers and take notes

33 _ are reflected in most Asian educational system

A Social belief and traditions

B The differences among people

C Class discussions

D Specific ideas and opinions

34 One advantage to the system of education in Japan is that students

A can be self- control

B learn to show their own opinions

C learn the social skills working together

D express their ideas in class discussion

35 The educational system in North America prepares students

A for a modern society

B for a society that values creative ideas

C for a self- control society

D for a cooperation society

II Read the passage and then fill in each blank with the best completion

INTELLIGENT TESTS

A School exams are, generally speaking, the first kind of tests we take They find out how much

knowledge we have (36) … But do they really show how intelligent we are? After all, isn’t it a

(37) ….that some people who are very successful academically don’t have any (38) ….sense?

B Intelligence is the speed (39) ….which we can understand and (40) ….to new situation and it is

usually tested by logic puzzles Although scientists are now preparing (41) ….computer

technology that will be able to ‘read’ our brains, (42) ….tests are still the most popular ways of

measuring intelligence

C A person’s IQ is their intelligence (43) ….it is measured by a special test The most common IQ

tests are (44) ….by Mensa, an organization that was founded in England in 1946 By 1946 it (45)

… 1,300 members in Britain Today there are 44,000 in Britain and 100,000 worldwide, (46)

….in the US

D People taking the tests are judged in (47) ….to an average score of 100, and those who score

over 148 are entitled to join Mensa This (48) ….at 2% of the population Anyone from the age of

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9

six can take the tests All the questions are straightforward and most people can answer them

if (49) ….enough time But that’s the problem- the whole (50) ….of the tests is that they’re against

the clock

36 A fetched B gained C attached D caught

37 A case B fact C circumstance D truth

42 A at this age B for the present C at the time D now and then

44 A appointed B commanded C run D steered

46 A largely B enormously C highly D considerably

47 A concern B relation C regard D association

48 A adds up B turns to C comes up D works out

D.ERROR IDENTIFICATION: Identify the error in each sentence

51 Education systems established to provide education and training, in most cases for

children and the young

D

52 In general, primary education consist of six or seven years of schooling starting at the age

of 5 or 6, although this varies within countries

C D

53 The National Curriculum is set by the Government and must be following in all state

schools

54 English, Maths and Science are core subjects, in which are compulsory in the national

examination at certain stages of the school education system

55 Computers are now much smaller and more powerful but they can be bought much more

D

56 A new study by UNESCO’s Institute for Statistics (UIS) is highlights the strong effect of

inequality on primary education system in many countries

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58 The purpose of secondary education can be to give common knowledge, to prepare for

education or to be trained directly in a profession

D

59 Do you know of a breakthrough idea that is improved learning and is adaptable to

different contexts?

60 Mirrors were made of shiny metal were used by the Egyptians in ancient times

E Writing: Rewrite the following sentences using the passive voice

61 They didn’t buy anything from the supermarket

_

62 The hurricane has totally destroyed the town

63 The children are going to organize a surprise party

_

64 When did they design this building?

_

65 We could have taken the car to the garage today

_

66 Jane will complete the reports tomorrow

_

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