Ki§n thirc HS biit: • Vi tri cua sat trong bang he thdng tuan hoan va cau hinh electron nguyen tir • Tinh chat vat li, tinh chat boa hgc, va trang thai tu nhien ciia sat • Sat la kim
Trang 1Chircng 7 SAT VA MOT SO KIM LOAI QUAN TRONG
Bai 31 SAT
A MUCTIEUBAI HOC
1 Ki§n thirc
HS biit:
• Vi tri cua sat trong bang he thdng tuan hoan va cau hinh electron nguyen tir
• Tinh chat vat li, tinh chat boa hgc, va trang thai tu nhien ciia sat
• Sat la kim loai boat ddng trung binh, c6 nhieu sd oxi boa
HS hiiu:
Tai sao sat cd nhieu boa tri? Khi nao thi tao ra sat (II), khi nao tao Fe(III)
2 KT nang
• Ren luyen kT nang: Tir vi tri cua kim loai suy ra cau tao va tinh chat
• KT nang giai bai tap ve sat kim loai
3 Tinh cam, thai do
Sir da dang tinh chat cua sat lam phong phii tinh chat hoa hgc cua kim loai tao hung thu cho HS khi nghien ciiu ve tinh chat cua sat
B C H U A N Bj CUA GV VA HS
• GV - May tinh, may chieu
- Hoa chit: Dung dich CuC^, dung dich FeCl3, Fe
- Dung cu: Ong nghiem, cap ong nghiem, gia Ing nghiem
• HS: Xem trudc ndi dung bai hgc
Trang 2C TitN TRiNH DAY- HOC
Hogt dgng cua GV Hogt dgng cda HS
Hogt dgng 1
I VI TRI TRONG B A N G T U A N H O A N , C A U HINH ELECTRON
NGUYEN Tiy
GV yeu cau HS
- Viet cau hinh ciia nguyen tir sat biet
sat CO sd hieu nguyen tir la 26, tir dd
suy ra vi tri cua sat trong bang tuan
hoan
- Vilt ciu hinh dang obitan, tir cau
hinh obitan du doan kha nang nhuong
electron cua nguyen tir sat
16^ 2
HS thao luan cho ket qua
- c i u hinh 26Fe: ls^2s^2pSs^3p"3d"4s'
=> Fe d chu ki 4, nhdm VIIIB (phan nhdm phu)
- Cau hinh obitan:
it t t I t I t
^—
3d Tir cau hinh tren nhudng electron
- Fe ^ Fe^^ + 2e (3d^)
4s
Fe cd cac kha nang
Fe Fe^^ + 3e (3d')
Hogt dgng 2
II TINH C H A T V A T L I
GV chieu len man hinh cho HS quan
sat mgt mau sat kim loai (bay cd the
cho HS quan sat mdt mau sat kim loai
da cao sach ldp oxit) Yeu cau HS neu
tinh chat vat li cua Fe
GV bo sung:
- Nhiet do nong chay ciia sat la
1540°C
- Sat CO tinh nhiem tir (bi nam cham
hiit va CO tir tinh)
HS quan sat va nhan xet:
Sdt la kim loai mau trang hai xam, deo,
dai, de ren, nhiet do nong chay kha cao din nhiet, dan dien tot
Trang 3Hogt dgng cua GV Hogt dgng cda HS
- Sat cd khdi lugng rieng Idn la 7,9
gam/cm (la kim loai nang)
Hogt dgng 3
III TINH C H A T H O A H O C
GV gidi thieu: Khi tham gia phan ling
boa hgc, nguyen tir sat nhudng 2
electron d phan ldp 4s, khi tac dung
vdi chat oxi boa manh thi sat nhudng
them 1 electron d phan Idp 3d tao ra
T, 2+ T, 3 +
cac ion Fe , Fe
Yeu cau HS viet cac qua trinh nhudng
electron ciia nguyen tir Fe
HS nghe giang, ghi bai
HS viet qua trinh nhudng electron ciia Fe:
Fe Fe^^+2e
3+
Fe —> Fe + 3e (vdi chat oxi boa manh)
1 Tac dung vol phi kim
a) Tdc dung v&i luu huynh
GV yeu ciu HS xac dinh S la chat oxi HS nhan xet: S la phi kim boat dgng
trung binh nen phan ung vdi Fe tao mudi sit (II)
Fe + S -^-^ FeS
hoa manh hay yeu? Vilt phuong trinh
hoa hoc cua S vdi Fe d nhiet do cao
b) Tdc dung v&i oxi
GV nhan xet la phi kim boat ddng
manh d nhiet do cao Khi oxi tac dung
vdi Fe thudng tao ra hdn hgp nhieu
san pham nhu Fe203, Fe304 yeu cau
HS viet cac phuong trinh boa hgc
HS thao luan viet cac phuong trinh boa hoc
4Fe + 302 3Fe + 2O2
-^ 2Fe203 -> Fe304
Trang 4Hogt dgng ciia GV Hogt dgng cda HS
c) Tdc dung v&i clo
GV gidi thieu clo la chat oxi boa
manh yeu cau HS du doan san pham
va viet phuang trinh boa hoc
Vi clo la chit oxi boa manh nen tao san phim la muli sit (III)
0 0
Fe + Ch
+3 -1
->FeCl3
2 Tac dung voi axit
a) V&i dung dich HCl, H2SO4 loang
GV yeu cau HS nhan xet ve tinh oxi
boa cua dung dich HCl va H2SO4
loang tir d6 du doan san pham cua
phan ung vdi sat, viet phuong trinh
boa hoc minh hoa
b) V&i dung dich HNO3 vd H2SO4 ddc
GV yeu cau HS nhan xet ve tinh oxi
boa cua dung dich FINO3 va H2SO4
dac tir do du doan san pham cua phan
img vdi sat, viet phuong trinh boa hgc
minh hoa
HS thao luan va nhan xet:
- Tinh oxi hoa cua axit HCl va H2S04 loang la do ion H cd tinh oxi hoa trung binh Nen san pham cua phan ung la muoi sat(II) va khi hidro
- Phuong trinh hoa hgc
Fe + HCl -^ FeCl2 + H2
Fe + H2SO4 loang -^ FeS04 + H2
- Tinh oxi boa cua axit HNO3 va H2SO4 dac la do nguyen td N S cd tinh oxi hoa manh Nen san pham cua phan img
la mudi sat(III) va san pham khir cua
N"^ s"^
- Phuong trinh boa hgc 2Fe +6H2S04(d)-^^Fe2(S04)3 + 3S02
+ 6H2O
Fe +6HN03(dac) - ^ ^ Fe(N03)3 + 3NO2
+ 3H2O
Trang 5Hogt dgng cua GV
GV bo sung: Sat gidng nhom bi thu
ddng boa (khong tac dung) vdi
HNO3, H2SO4 dac ngudi nen co the
dung thiing sat de chuyen chd axit dac
ngugi noi tren
Hogt dgng cda HS
3 Tac dung voi dung dich muoi
GV la thi nghiem: Cho mgt bgt sat
vao
dung dich CUCI2 lac kT yeu cau HS:
- Quan sat
- Neu hien tugng
- Viet phuang trinh boa hgc minh
boa
GV lull y HS: Sat tac dung vdi dung
dich muoi tuan theo quy tac a
HS quan sat thi nghiem va cho nhan xet
- Hien tugng: Thay dung dich CuCl2 nhat mau dan
2+
- Giai thich: Do Fe khir Cu thanh Cu
- Phuong trinh boa hgc
Fe + CuCb -^ FeCl2 + Cu
Fe + Cu^^ ^ Fe^" + Cu
4 Tac dung voi nwdc
GV gidi thieu:
- 0 nhiet do thudng sat khdng tac
dung vdi nude
- 0 nhiet do cao t° > 570°C thi sit
khir hai nude thanh sat (11) oxit
- 6 nhiet do cao t° < 570''c thi sit
khir hai nude thanh sat tir oxit
(Fe304)
Yeu cau HS viet phan ung boa hgc
HS nghe giang, ghi bai vk viet phuong
trinh hoa hgc:
Fe + H2O '"^"°"^ ) FeO + H2
3Fe + 4H2O '"^""'-^ > Fe304 + 4H2
Trang 6Hogt dgng cda GV Hogt dgng cda HS
Hogt dgng 4
IV TRANG T H A I TlT NHIEN
GV cho HS nghien ciiu SGK yeu ciu
HS nhan xet ve:
- Ham lugng sat trong vo qua dit
- Dang ton tai eiia nguyen to sit
- Neu mgt so quang quan trgng cua
sat
GV gidi thieu them: Sit con cd trong
mau, trong cac thien thach chiia sit tu
do
HS nghien ciiu SGK va nhan xet:
- Sat chiem khoang 5%> kbli lugng vo qua dat
- Trong tu nhien sit tdn tai chii ylu d dang hgp chit
- Mdt so quang ciia sat + Quang manhetit (Fe304) hilm cd trong
tu nhien
+ Quang hematit (Fe203) cd 2 dang hematit do (Fe203) va hematit nau (Fe203.nH20)
+ Quang xederit FeC03 + Quang pirit FeS2
Hogt dgng 5
CUNG CO B A I V A B A I TAP VE N H A
GV chieu cac bai tap sau len man hinh
cho HS thao luan ciing c l ndi dung
bai hoc:
3+
Bai 1 Cation kim loai M cd ciu binh
electron cua phan ldp ngoai ciing la
3d Vay cau hinh electron cua M la
A ls^2s^2p^3s^3p''3d^4s^
HS quan sat theo luan cho kit qua
Bai 1 Chgn dap an A
Trang 7Hogt dgng cua GV
B ls'2s^2p*'3s^3p^3d**
C ls^2s^2p'^3s^3p^4s^3d^
D ls^2s^2p^3s^3p^3d'4s^4p'
Bai 2 Hoa tan 16,8g Fe vao dung dich
HNO3 thu dugc 4,48 lit khi NO duy
nhat Co can dung dich thu dugc s l
gam muoi khan la
A 48,4g B 72,6g
C 54,0g D 36,0g
Bai 3 Hoa tan hit 0,5g hon hgp Fe va
kim loai M (boa tri II) vao dung dich
H2SO4 loang thu dugc 1,12 lit khi
(dktc) Kim loai M la
A Zn B Mg
C Be D Ca
Bai 4 Cho hon hgp Fe va Cu tac dung
vdi dung dich HNO3, phan ling xong
thu dugc dung dich A chi chiia 1 chit
tan Chat tan do la
A Fe(N03)3 B Cu(N03)2
C Fe(N03)2 D HNO3
Bai tap ve nha: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 (SGK)
Hogt dgng cua HS
Bai 2 Chgn dap an C
Bai 3 Chgn dap an C
Bai 4 Chgn dap an C
D HU'ONG D A N GIAI BAI TAP TRONG SGK
1 Chgn dap an B
2 Chgn dap an B
3 Chgn dap an C
4 Chgn dap an B
Trang 85 Dat UM = X (mol) -^ npe = 3x (mol)
Phuong trinh boa hgc:
2M + 2nHCI ^ 2MCIn + nH2
X (mol) — x(mol)
Fe + 2HC1 -^ FeCl2 + H2
3x (mol) 3x (mol)
n o 8,96 ^ , n^ = - x + 3x = = 0,4 (1)
'- 2 22,4 ^ ^
2M + nCl2 -^ 2MCln
X (mol) — x(mol)
2Fe + 3CI2 -^ 2FeCl3
9 3x (mol) — x(mol)
n 9 12,32 ^ ^^
n^, = - x + - x = = 0,55 (2)
'- 2 2 2,4 ^ ^
Tir (1) va (2) ta dugc n = 2; x = 0,1
mpe = 3.0,1.56 = 16,8 (gam) mw = 19,2 - 16,8 = 2,4 (gam)
2 4
M = - ^ = 24 (Mg)
0,1
%Mg = 12,5% %Fe = 87,5%
Trang 9Bai 32 HOP CHAT CUA SAT
A MUC TIEU B A I H O C
1 Ki§n thu'c
HS biit:
• Tinh chat ca ban ciia hgp chat sat (II) va hgp chat sat (III)
• Cach dilu cbl Fe(0H)2 va Fe(0H)3
• Biet img dung va phuong phap dieu che mgt so hgp chat sat
' 2+ 3+ '
• Nhan biet cac ion Fe , Fe trong dung dich bang phan img hoa hgc
HS hiiu:
Nguyen nhan tinh khir, tinh oxi boa cua cac hgp chat Fe(II) va tinh oxi boa cua hgp chit Fe(III)
2 KT nang
• Tir cau tao nguyen tir, phan tir va mire oxi boa suy ra tinh chat
• Giau bai t^p ve hgp chat sat
3 Tinh cam, thai do
Hgp chat sat cd nhieu tinh chat mdi la nhu phan img chuyen tir sat(II) hidroxit thanh sat (III) hidroxit trong khdng khi lam tang su ham tim hieu ciia HS
B C H U A N Bj CUA GV VA HS
• GV: - Hoa chat: Dinh sat, bdt dong, dung dich HCl, dung dich FeCl3, dung
dich NaOH
- Dung cu: dng nghiem, gia thi nghiem, den con
• HS: Xem trudc ndi dung bai hgc
C TI^N TRJNH DAY- HOC
Hogt dgng cda GV Hogt dgng cua HS
I HOP C H A T S A T (II)
Hogt dgng 1
GV yeu cau HS neu cac so oxi boa
eiia sat tii' d6 du doan tinh chat cua
hgp chat Fe(II)
HS thao luan cho ket qua
- Sat CO cae sd oxi boa thudng gap la
0,+2,+3
Trang 10Hogt dgng cua GV
GV yeu cau HS neu cac hgp chit
sat(II) thudng gap
Hogt dgng cda HS
- Hgp chat sit(II) cd so oxi boa trung gian
nen cd tinh chit boa hgc dac trung la tinh khir va tinh oxi boa
HS nhan xet: Hgp chit sit (II) thudng gap
la FeO, Fe(0H)2, FeC^, FeS04
1 s i t (II) oxit
GV cho HS nghien ciiu SGK yeu
cau HS neu:
- Tinh chat vat li cua FeO
- Tinh khir, tinh oxi boa ciia FeO
viet phuang trinh boa hgc minh boa
- Neu cac phucmg phap diu cbl
FeO
GV bo sung: ngoai phuang phap
tren co the tao ra FeO bang nhilu
each nhu
HS nghien ciiu SGK va nhan xet
- Tinh chat vat li: FeO la chat rin mau den, khdng CO trong tu nhien
- Tinh khir: FeO cd tinh khir kha manh tac dung dugc vdi nhieu chat oxi boa
4FeO + O2 - ^ ^ 3Fe203 3FeO+10HNO3^3Fe(NO3)3+NO+5H2O (3FeO+NO3"+10H%3Fe^^ + N 0 + 5H2O)
- Tinh oxi boa: FeO the hien tinh oxi hoa khi tac dung vdi chit khir manh nhu H2, CO d nhiet do cao
FeO + H2 -^-^ Fe + H2O FeO + CO ^ - ^ Fe + CO2
- Dieu che: FeO bang each dung H2 hay
CO khir Fe203 d nhiet do cao
Fe203 + H2 - ^ ^ 2FeO + H2O
Fe203 + CO ^ ^ 2FeO + CO2
Trang 11Hogt dgng cua GV
Fe(0H)2 ^ ^ FeO + H2O
Fe304 + H2 — ^ ^ 3FeO + H2O
Fe + H2O ""''"^' ) FeO + H2
Hogt dgng cua HS
Hogt dgng 2
2 s i t (II) hidroxit
GV cho HS nghidn c 2 u SGK
ydu c~u HS ndu:
- Tinh chat vat li cua Fe(0H)2
- Tinh chat boa hgc ciia Fe(0H)2
- Phuong phap dieu che cua
Fe(0H)2
GV bo sung:
- Muon dieu che dugc Fe(0H)2 tinh
khiet thi phai tien hanh trong dieu
kien khdng c6 khdng khi
- Khi nung Fe(0H)2 trong khong
khi thi thu dugc Fe203
2Fe(OH)2 ^°^ ) Fe203 + 2H2O
HS nghien ciiu SGK va nhan xet
- Sat (II) hidroxit nguyen chat la chat ran
mau trang hai xanh, khdng tan trong nude
va de chuyen thanh mau nau trong khdng khi
- Fe(0H)2 cd tfnh khir de bj oxi khdng khi oxi hoa theo phan irng, de phan buy bdi nhiet
4Fe(OH)2 + O2 + 2H2O > 4Fe(OH)3 (Trang xanh) (Nau) Fe(0H)2 ^"""t"'"^ > FeO + H2O
- Dieu che Fe(0H)2 bang each cho mudi sat (II) tac dung vdi dung dich kiem
Fe^^ + 20H" ->Fe(0H)2
Trang 12Hogt dgng cda GV Hogt dgng cda HS
Hogt dgng 3
3 Muoi s i t (II)
GV chieu len man hinh trang thai
ciia mgt so muoi: FeCl2.4H20
FeS04.7H20 va thi nghiem boa
tan muoi trong nude yeu cau HS
nhan xet tinh chat vat li cua mudi
sit (II)
GV yeu cau HS du doan tinh chat
boa hgc ciia muoi sat (II) va viet cac
phan img boa hgc minh hoa
GV nhan xet va yeu cau HS hoan
thanh sa do phan ung sau
FeS04 + KMn04 + H2SO4 ->
Fe2(S04)3+ MnS04 + K2SO4 + H2O
GV yeu cau HS neu cac phuang
phap dieu che mudi sit (II)
HS quan sat va nhan xet: mudi sat(II) thudng d dang muli kit tinh ngam nude, tan tot trong nude
HS thao luan cho ket qua Trong mudi sat (11) thi sat cd sd oxi hoa trung gian +2 nen cd tinh oxi boa va tinh khir, ngoai ra cdn cd tinh chat chung ciia muoi
- Tinh khir: Fe -^ Fe + e 2FeCl2 + CI2 ^ 2FeCl3
- Tinh oxi boa: Fe + 2e —> Fe
M g + FeCl2 ^ M g C l 2 + Fe
- Tinh chat ciia mudi
FeCl2 + 2NaOH -^ Fe(0H)2^^ +2NaCl FeS04 + BaCl2 -^ FeCb + BaS04
4-HS thao luan va hoan thanh sa dd
10FeSO4 + 2KMn04 + 8H2SO4->
5Fe2(S04)3 + 2MnS04 + K2SO4 + 8H2O
- Phuang phap dieu che: Mudi sat (II) dieu che bang each
Fe + 2HCI -^ FeCl2 + H2
Trang 13Hogt dgng cda GV
GV luu y HS: Mudi sit(Il) dilu chi
xong thi sir dung ludn dl lau trong
khdng khi se chuyen dan sang muoi
sit (III) Vi du
4FeCl2 +4HCI + 0 2 ^ 4FeCl3
+ 2H2O
Hogt dgng cua HS
II HOfP C H A T S A T (III)
Hogt dgng 4
GV yeu cau HS du doan tinh chat
cua hgp chat Fe(IlI)
GV yeu cau HS neu cac hgp chat sat
(III) thudng gap
HS thao luan cho ket qua
- Trong mudi sat (III) thi sat co sd oxi boa +3 (sd oxi boa cao) nen mudi sat (III) cd tfnh oxi boa manh
1- 3+ , T- 2 +
Fe + e ->• Fe
r 3+ , - „ 0
Fe + 3e ^ Fe
HS nhan xet: Hgp chat sat (III) thudng gap
la Fe203, Fe(0H)3, FeCl3
1 s a t (III) oxit
GV cho HS quan sat mau Fe203 va
yeu cau HS neu tfnh chat vat li ciia
sit(III) oxit
GV yeu cau HS du doan tinh chat
hoa hgc ciia sat (III) oxit va neu cac
phuang phap dieu che sat (III) oxit
HS quan sat va nhan xet
- Sat (III) oxit la chat ran mau nau dd khdng tan trong nude
- Sat (III) oxit CO tinh oxi hoa cua Fe va tinh chat cila oxit baza
+ Tinh oxi boa:
Fe203 + 3H2 ^ ^ Fe + 3H2O Fe203 + 2A1 — ^ AI2O3 + 2Fe Fe203 + 3C0 - ^ ^ Fe + 3CO2 + Tinh chat ciia oxit baza
Trang 14Hogt dgng cua GV
GV nhan xet va bo sung:
- Sat (III) oxit ed trong tir nhien
dudi dang quang hematit
- Co the tao ra Fe203 bang nhieu
each nhu:
-> 2Fe203
- ^ Fe203 + 3H2 -> 2Fe203
4Fe + 3O2
-2Fe + 3H2O
4FeO + O2
-GV lun y:
- Can phan biet phuong phap dilu
che vdi each tao ra Fe203
- Sat tir oxit Fe304 co the bieu dien
bang FeO.Fe203 nen sat tir oxit co
tinh chat cua FeO va Fe203
GV yeu cau HS viet phan img cua
Fe304 vdi dung dich HCl tir do vilt
phan ling tdng quat ciia FcxOy vdi
dung dich HCl
Hogt dgng cda HS
Fe203 + 6HCI > 2FeCl3 + 3H2O
- Dieu che: sit (III) oxit dugc dieu che tir Fe(0H)3
Fe(0H)3 -^ Fe203 + H2O
HS viet phan img boa hgc Fe304 + 8 H C 1 ^ FeCb + 2FeCl3 + 4H2O Fe^Oy + 2yHCl-> xFeCby/x + yH20
Hogt dgng 5
2 s i t (III) hidroxit
GV lam thi nghiem: cho tir tir dung
dich NaOH va dung dich FeCIs cho
HS quan sat Yeu ciu HS neu hien
tugng, giai thich va viet phan ung
hoa hoc
HS quan sat thf nghiem va nhan xet
- Hien tugng: Co ket tiia mau nau do (khdng tan trong nude)
- Giai thich do FeCls phan ling vdi NaOH tao ra ket tua Fe(0H)3
Trang 15Hogt dgng cda GV
GV yeu cau HS neu tinli chat boa
hgc cua Fe(0H)3
Hogt dgng ciia HS
- Phan img boa hgc
FeCl3 + 3NaOH > Fe(0H)3 +3NaCl
- S i t (III) h i l r o x i t cu t d n h ch_^t c a m7.t b a z i k h u n g t a n
+ Tac dung vdi dung dich axit Fe(0H)3 + 3HCI ^ FeClj + HjO + Phan buy bdi nhiet
Fe(0H)3 -> Fe203 + H2O
Hogt dgng 6
3 Muoi s i t (III)
GV gidi thieu: Da sd cac mudi
sit(lll) tan trong nude, khi ket tinh
thudng ngam nude Vi du:
FeCl3.6H20
GV yeu ciu HS du doan tinh chat
hoa hgc ciia mudi sat(Ill)
GV lam cac thi nghiem cho HS
quan sat:
TNI: cho mgt it bdt sat vao dung
dich FeCl3 lac nhe
HS ghi bai
HS thao luan va nhan xet
- Muli sit(IIl) CO sat +3 nen cd tfnh oxi
2+
hoa manh tr 3+ ,
Fe + e -Fe^^ + 3e
Fe Fe' 0
- Tinh chat chung cua muoi
HS quan sat, thao luan cho ket qua
TNI: Khi cho mgt it bdt sat vao dung dich FeCl3 thay bdt sat tan dan ddng thdi thay mau nau (vang) nhat dan Do Fe phan irng vdi muli FeCl3 theo phuang trinh
Fe + FeCl3 > FeCb
TN2: Khi cho mgt it bdt ddng vao dung dich FeCl3 thay bgt ddng tan dan dong thdi