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Relative Pronouns• There are five relative pronouns: who, whom, whose, which, that*  who subject and whom object are generally only for people.. Relative Pronounswho subject or object p

Relative Clauses

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• Speaking: Talk about Your Dreamy Jobs

• Listening: Oah - Alexdander Rybak

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Relative Clauses

Relative Pronouns

• A relative pronoun is a pronoun that introduces a relative clause It is called a relative pronoun because it relates to the word

that its relative clause modifies

Example:

• The person who phoned me last night is my teacher.

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Relative Pronouns <= Đại Từ Quan Hệ

• A relative pronoun is a pronoun that introduces a relative clause It is called a relative pronoun because it relates to the word

that its relative clause modifies Đại khái là những đại từ nào liên quan tới chủ điểm này thì được gọi là đại từ quan hệ.

Example:

• The person who phoned me last night is my teacher.

Relative Pronouns

• There are five relative pronouns: who, whom, whose, which, that*

 who (subject) and whom (object) are generally only for people

 whose is for possession

 which is for things

 that can be used for things and people only in defining relative clauses (clauses that are essential to the sentence and do not simply add extra information)

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Relative Pronouns

• There are five relative pronouns: who, whom, whose, which, that* Chỉ cần nhớ who/ which và that là được.

 who (subject) and whom (object) are generally only for people

 whose is for possession Các bạn cứ nhớ Whose car is it? là xong Trường hợp này khá đặc biệt Ngoài việc gắn với Danh Từ, còn lại chả dùng được cho việc gì.

 which is for things

 that can be used for things and people only in defining relative clauses (clauses that are essential to the sentence and do not simply add extra information) Cái này không quan trọng lắm! Văn nói dùng tất.

Relative Pronouns

who subject or object pronoun for people I told you about the woman who lives next door.

which subject or object pronoun for animals and things Do you see the cat which is lying on the roof?

which referring to a whole sentence He couldn’t read which surprised me.

whose possession for people animals and things Do you know the boy whose mother is a nurse?

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Relative Pronouns

who subject or object pronoun for people I told you about the woman who lives next door.

which subject or object pronoun for animals and things Do you see the cat which is lying on the roof?

which referring to a whole sentence Do đây là bài ở trình độ Sơ Cấp nên mình

không giải thích rõ phần này Hiểu là X which… đi He couldn’t read which surprised me.

whose possession for people animals and things Các bạn chỉ cần nhớ từ này đi

kèm với Danh Từ Rất dễ nhận ra khi làm bài TOEIC Do you know the boy whose mother is a nurse?

Relative Pronouns

whom object pronoun for people, especially in non-defining relative clauses

(in defining relative clauses we colloquially prefer who) I was invited by the professor whom I met at the conference.

that subject or object pronoun for people, animals and things in defining

relative clauses (who or which are also possible) I don’t like the table that stands in the kitchen.

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Relative Pronouns

whom

object pronoun for people, especially in non-defining relative clauses

(in defining relative clauses we colloquially prefer who) Vì là bài cơ bản nên chỗ này mình không giải thích kỹ Sẽ nói trong phần ghi chú riêng.

I was invited by the professor whom I met at the conference.

that subject or object pronoun for people, animals and things in defining

relative clauses (who or which are also possible) I don’t like the table that stands in the kitchen.

• S = Subject

• O = Object

• P = Possessive

• Defining là xác định, không bỏ được Nếu có 3 bà chị thì khi nói về 1 bà ở Mỹ Đình không thể bỏ cụm My sister who lives in… đi

• Non-defining là không xác định, bỏ vô tư vì là thông tin thừa Giống như trong tiếng Việt mình dùng (…), tiếng Anh dùng (,…,).

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Defining Relative Clauses

S

The person who phoned me last night is my teacher.

that is preferable

The person that phoned me last night is my teacher.

The car which hit me was yellow.

that is preferable

The car that hit me was yellow.

Defining Relative Clauses

O

The person whom I phoned last night is my teacher.

whom is correct but formal

relative pronoun is optional

The people who I phoned last night are my teachers.

The person that I phoned last night is my teacher.

The person (X) I phoned last night is my teacher.

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Defining Relative Clauses

O

The car which I drive is old.

that is preferable to which

relative pronoun is optional

The car that I drive is old.

The car (X) I drive is old.

Defining Relative Clauses

P

The student whose phone just rang should stand up.

Students whose parents are wealthy pay extra

P

The police are looking for the car whose driver was masked.

whose can be used with things

of which is also possible

The police are looking for the car of which the driver was masked

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Non-defining Relative Clauses

S

Mrs Pratt, who is very kind, is my teacher.

The car, which was a taxi, exploded.

The cars, which were taxis, exploded.

Non-defining Relative Clauses

O

Mrs Pratt, whom I like very much, is my teacher.

whom is correct but formal

who is common in spoken English and informal written

English

Mrs Pratt, who I like very much, is my teacher.

O The car, which I was driving at the time, suddenly caught fire

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Non-defining Relative Clauses

P

The car, whose driver jumped out just before the accident, was completely

of which is also possible

The car, the driver of which jumped out just before the accident, was completely

destroyed

P My brother, whose phone you just heard, is a doctor

• Not all grammar sources count that as a relative pronoun.

• Some people claim that we should not use that for people but must use who/ whom There is no good reason for such a claim; there is a long history of that for people in defining relative clauses from Chaucer, Shakespeare and the Authorized Version of The Bible to Fowler's and

Churchill

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http://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/pronouns/relative_pronouns.htm

Subject/ Object Pronouns

• If the relative pronoun is followed by a verb, the relative pronoun is a subject pronoun Subject pronouns must always be used

Examples:

 The apple which is lying on the table

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Subject/ Object Pronouns

• If the relative pronoun is followed by a verb, the relative pronoun is a subject pronoun Subject pronouns must always be used

Examples:

 The apple which is lying on the table

 Ở đây which thay thế Subject trong một câu có dạng SVA.

Subject/ Object Pronouns

• If the relative pronoun is not followed by a verb (but by a noun or pronoun), the relative pronoun is an object pronoun Object pronouns can

be dropped in defining relative clauses, which are then called Contact Clauses

Examples:

 The apple (which) George lay on the table

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Subject/ Object Pronouns

• If the relative pronoun is not followed by a verb (but by a noun or pronoun), the relative pronoun is an object pronoun Object pronouns can

be dropped in defining relative clauses, which are then called Contact Clauses

Examples:

 The apple (which) George lay on the table

 Khi which thay thế cho Object trong câu SVOA thì which hoàn toàn có thể bị lược bỏ Các bạn chỉ nhớ là có O hay S là được Đã có S (George) thì đương nhiên which là O trong câu này.

https://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/relative-clauses/exercises?05

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Relative Adverbs

• A relative adverb can be used instead of a relative pronoun plus preposition This often makes the sentence easier to understand

Examples:

 This is the shop in which I bought my bike

 This is the shop which/ that I bought my bike (in)

 This is the shop where I bought my bike

 This is the shop which/ that sells flowers

Relative Adverbs

• A relative adverb can be used instead of a relative pronoun plus preposition This often makes the sentence easier to understand

Examples:

 This is the shop in which I bought my bike Tương tự cho to whom.

 This is the shop which/ that I bought my bike (in) Nếu không để in đi cùng which thì đẩy xuống cuối Lúc này nếu là câu who thì dùng được who … in

nhưng nếu là in who thì không được Tương tự như vậy cho that.

 This is the shop where I bought my bike Khi dùng where, đằng sau có đủ SVO/ SVC.

 This is the shop which/ that sells flowers Dùng vô tư nếu thay thế cho Subject.

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Relative Adverbs

when in/ on which refers to a time expression the day when we met him

where in/ at which refers to a place the place where we met him

70 Jobs

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/θ/ & /ð/

this /ðɪs/

other /ˈʌð.ər/

Dreamy Jobs

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• Why do you want to do this job?/ Why did you

choose this job?

• Is your major at the moment related to your

dreamy job?

• What have you done to make your dream come

true?/ What do you think about your present job?

ListeningOah - Alexdander Rybak

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