THE VERBS USUALLY USED FOR THE CAUSATIVE ARE: GET which gives an idea of persuasion “She got her sister to do the washing up” HAVEwhich implies asking and persuasion too “I had my husban
Trang 1THE VERBS USUALLY USED FOR THE CAUSATIVE ARE:
GET (which gives an idea of persuasion)
“She got her sister to do the washing up”
HAVE(which implies asking and persuasion too)
“I had my husband drive me to the airport”
“He had his secretary sign the papers”
MAKE (which implies forcing or convincing someone to do something for you)
“Anna made Peter tidy his room”
“He made me pay the check”
LET (allow)
“I’ll let you drive my car”
“He wouldn’t let her go”
2 TRANSFORM THE FOLLLOWING SENTENCES ACTIVE INTO PASSIVE OR PASSIVE INTO ACTIVE.
1. You’ll have to feed the dog while I’m out
2. She has ironed your shirt this morning
3. Smoking should be banned in all public places
4. We shall finish the project by tomorrow
5. I gave Mary a present for her birthday
6. This should be done as soon as possible
7. Nobody told me about the exam
8. He was asked a favour
FORM
We form the passive using BE (in an appropriate tense) + PAST PARTICIPLE of a transitive verb
In the active sentence the person or thing that performs the action usually comes first:
S UBJECT /A GENT
A CTION
R ESULT
She cleaned the room yesterday
In passive sentences the result of the action comes first and becomes the subject of the sentence
S UBJECT (R ESULT )
REPORTING VERBS
We often use reporting verbs with impersonal passive constructions
“Some people think he stole the money”(Active) There are two basic constructions:
a It + passive verb+ that
“It is thought that he stole the money”
b Subject+ passive verb+ TO infinitive
“He is though to have stolen the money”
THE AGENT
In most passive sentences we have no interest
in who
or what performs the action
We mention the agent when we think that the
information is important In this case it is
usually introduced with BY
“Hamlet was written by Shakespeare”.
WHAT IS VOICE?
VOICE IS the grammatical relation
(active or passive) of the
grammatical subject of a verb to the
action that the verb denotes
WHAT IS PASSIVE VOICE ?
The passive voice is used to indicate
that the grammatical subject of the
verb is the recipient (not the source)
of the action denoted by the verb
PASSIVE VOICE
VERBS WITH TWO OBJECTS IN THE ACTIVE VOICE
Verbs that have two objects in the active usually have two passive forms
“I sent her a present” (Active voice)
“She was sent a present”
“A present was sent to her”
WHEN DO WE USE PASSIVE VOICE?
Passive voice is mainly used:
a When the action or the result of the action is more important than the person or thing that performs it
b When the agent is unknown
or obvious
c When the agent is a long phrase
d When we want to make a statement impersonal
e In rules and orders
S OMEONE + HAVE OR GET ( ANY TENSE ) SOMETHING + DONE+ BY
SOMEBODY ELSE
S OMEONE + GET ( ANY TENSE ) + SOMEBODY + TO DO SOMETHING
+ HAVE ( ANY TENSE ) + SOMEBODY + DO SOMETHING
+ MAKE ( ANY TENSE ) + SOMEBODY + DO SOMETHING
THE CAUSATIVE HAS THE MEANING OF ' SOMEONE ” CAUSING SOMEONE ELSE TO DO
SOMETHING ' In English there are two basic causative structures
a. ACTIVE AN ONE
“
“I had my mum do my hair” /“ I’m going to make my secretary type the letters / “
He’s going to get her boyfriend to paint her bedroom”
b. PASSIVE ONE
“ I had my hair done" /“ They are going to have their house redecorated”
1 IDENTIFY HE FOLLOWING SENTENCES: ACTIVE (A)
PASSIVE (P) CAUSATIVE ACTIVE (CA) CAUSATIVE
PASSIVE (CP).
1. An accident was reported last night
2. I had my brother paint my room
3. The children are going to draw some animals. _
4. I’m having my kitchen redecorated _
5. I got my friend to redecorate my kitchen,
6. Ann rejected my wedding invitation. _
7. He is believed to have committed the murder. _
8. The thief was caught by the police. _
9. Digital TV was invented in the 1960s. _
10.We had our heating repaired yesterday. _
11.My son was given a new bike for his birthday.
12.It is said she is a very good swimmer.
13.The students handed in their essays yesterday.
8 CHOOSE THE CORRECT OPTION
1 I'm going to have Mike _ my computer to see what is wrong 6 Julie will not let her daughter that boy
a) made him to call b) made him called c) made him call a) to pack b) packing c) pack
5 His father _him 1 million pounds 10 Have your assistant these letters immediately
6 FIND THE MISTAKE AND CORRECT THE SENTENCE ,
1. The book must have given to Anna tomorrow
.
2. Did she was told about the meeting
3. They are being painted the house this week
_
4. She is said to has been hired for the job
_
5. Lunch is now be served
_
6. He was told to go away by them
_
7. There was nothing to have seen
_
8 Are you going to let him to suffer like this?
7 CAUSATIVE REWRITE THESE SENTENCES USING HAVE OR GET
1 The mechanic revised my car
2 The hairdresser did my hair in a completely different style
3 The teacher checked my exam a second time _
4 A friend is going to repair my computer next week
_
5 My skirt is being shortened
_
6 Somebody stole my wallet yesterday _
7 My new book is going to be translated to French
_
8 My room was painted last month
_
5 TRANSFORM THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES WITH TWO OBJECTS INTO THE PASSIVE
1 The staff gave him a worm welcome
a. b.
2 My mother bought him a new car a.
b
3 The company offered them a pay rise a. _ b.
4 She showed Mary her new bedroom
a. b.
5 Helen paid him a lot of money for his job a. b.
4 PASSIVE WITH REPORTING VERBS.
1 People say he has committed the crime
It
2 They claim that this new car is better than the old one
This new car
3 People believe he is a shoplifter
He
4 People say that a lot of people will lose their job due to the crisis
It
5 People say he is the best candidate for the elections next month
He
6 They say he died in the car accident last night
He
7 They think the family went to live in Australia
The family _
8 People believe he did it on purpose
He
3 WRITE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES IN THE PASSIVE VOICE PAY ATTENTION TO VERB TENSES
The teacher told Tom to stop taking _
1. They are going to open a new commercial centre in town
2. We have done our homework _
3. The fire destroyed the building _
4. They won’t accept the offer _
5. His behaviour disappointed her _
6. London is going to hold the next Olympics _
7. I can see a beautiful landscape from my window
8. You must tell her about the meeting _
9. We advertise our products in the newspaper _
10.Helen is writing a letter