Statement lời nói thuoäc daïng caâu khaúng ñònh vaø phuû ñònh said S1 THAT S2 + V đổi thì told + O Ghi chú: S1 là người nói; S2 là chủ ngữ của lời nói trực tiếp; O là người nghe nếu có đ[r]
Trang 1LYÙ THUYEÁT OÂN TAÄP CÂU BỊ ĐỘNG, CÂU TƯỜNG THUẬT VÀ CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN
A Lí THUYẾT
I Bũ ủoọng
HTẹ V nguyeõn maóu / V -s/es
VD: She cleans the house every day. am / is / are + V
3/-ed
-> The house is cleaned every day.
QKẹ V 2/-ed
VD: They broke the window. was / were + V-> The window was broken.3/-ed
HTTĐ am/ is / are + V -ing
VD: He is telling a story.
am/ is /are + being + V 3/-ed
-> A story is being told.
QKTD was / were + V -ing
VD: She was making a cake.
was / were + being + V 3/-ed
-> A cake was being made.
HTHT has / have + V 3/-ed
3/-ed
-> A book has been bought.
QKHT had + v 3/-ed
VD: We had built the house before 2000. had + been + V
3/-ed
-> The house had been built before 2000.
V
khieỏm
khuyeỏt
will / would
can / could + V 0
may / might
must
VD: You must do this work.
will / would can / could + be + V 3/-ed may / might (nguyeõn maóu) must
-> This work must be done.
II Caõu tửụứng thuaọt
Câu gián tiếp là câu dùng để thuật lại nội dung lời nói trực tiếp
Khi chuyển sang cõu tường thuật ta cần thay đổi chủ ngữ, tõn ngữ, tớnh từ sở hữu, thỡ của động từ, trạng
từ chỉ thời gian và nơi chốn
1 Những thay đổi khi chuyển từ cõu trực tiếp sang cõu tường thuật
a) Đổi thỡ và cỏc yếu tố thời gian
V1 (s/es)
V2
has/ have + V3
am/ is/ are + Ving
can
will
may
must
have to
had + V3
V2 had + V3
had + V3
was / were + Ving could + V0
would + V0
might + V0
had to had to had + V3
- yesterday
- last night
- ago
- today
- tonight
- tomorrow
- next year
- this
- these
- here
- now
- the previous day/the day before
- the previous night/the night before
- before
- that day
- that night
- the following day/the day after/ the next day
- the following year/the year after/
the next year
- that
- those
- there
- then
b) Thay đổi về đại từ nhân xng, đại từ sở hữu và tính từ sở hữu:
- I -> he/ she
- we -> they
- me -> him/her
- us -> them
- my -> his /her
- our -> their
- mine -> his /her
- ours -> theirs
- myself -> himself /herself
- ourselves ->themselves
- you/your -> chuyển theo người nghe
Trang 22 Cỏc dạng cõu tường thuật
1 Statement (lời núi) (thuoọc daùng caõu khaỳng ủũnh vaứ phuỷ ủũnh)
S1
said told + O (THAT) S2 + V (ủoồi thỡ)
Ghi chỳ: S1 là người núi; S2 là chủ ngữ của lời núi trực tiếp; O là người nghe (nếu cú đề cập)
VD: He said, “I like football.”
→ He said that he liked football.
“Tom will fly to Paris next week,” said Miss Hoa.
→ Miss Hoa said that Tom would fly to Paris the following week.
2 Commands & Requests (mệnh lệnh)
not + to + V 0
Ghi chỳ: S là người ra lệnh, yờu cầu; O là người nghe.
VD: She said to him, “Come in, please”
→ She told him to come in.
“Don’t make noise, Tom” said the mother
→ The mother asked Tom not to make noise.
3 Questions (caõu hoỷi)
S 1 +
asked + O/
wondered/
wanted to know
if / whether
(yes/ no question)
S 2 + V (ủoồi thỡ) Wh-word
(wh-question)
Ghi chỳ: S1 là người núi; S 2 là chủ ngữ của lời núi trực tiếp; O là người nghe.
VD: She said to me, “Will he come?”
→ She asked me if he would come
“Where do you live?” asked the foreigner
→ The foreigner asked me where I lived.
III Caõu ủieàu kieọn
Câu điều kiện có hai mệnh đề: MĐ phụ (hay MĐ điều kiện) bắt đầu bằng If, và MĐ chính (nêu lên kết quả) Có 3 loại câu ĐK :
Cỏc loại cõu điều kiện
1 Future possible (type 1) (có thể xảy ra ở hiện tại hoặc tơng lai)
If + S + V (HTĐ) …, S + will/ can/ may/ must + V 0 …
VD: If I have time, I will visit you.
2 Present unreal conditional sentences (Type 2) (Trỏi với thực tế ở hiện tại)
If + S + V (QKĐ) …, S + would/ should/ could/ might + V inf …
L
ưu ý :Trong MĐ if có “To be” thì dùng “Were” cho tất cả các ngôi).
VD: If today were Saturday, I could go to the beach.
If I had time, I would write you a letter.
3 Past unreal conditional sentences (Type 3) (Trỏi với thực tế ở quỏ khứ)
If + S + V (QKHT) …, S + would/ could/ might + have + V3 …
VD: If I hadn’t lost my way, I would have arrived sooner.
Ghi chỳ: Cỏch nối cõu dựng cõu điều kiện:
- Cỏch xỏc định cõu dựng làm mệnh đề điều hiện:
+ A so B - > If A, B
+ A because B - > If B, A
- Cỏch xỏc định loại điều kiện:
+ Nếu cõu cho sẵn ở thỡ hiện tại đơn thỡ cõu viết lại dựng điều kiện loại 2
+ Nếu cõu cho sẵn ở thỡ quỏ khứ đơn thỡ cõu viết lại dựng điều kiện loại 3
- Nếu cõu cho sẵn ở dạng khẳng định (khụng cú not) thỡ cõu viết lại ở dạng phủ định (cú not) và ngược lại.
B BÀI TẬP
I Viết lại cỏc cõu sau bắt đầu bằng từ cho sẵn.
1 They are building several new schools in our town
Several new school ………
2 We have made great progress in industry, science and medicine
Great progress ………
3 Sam killed a lion last week
A lion ………
Trang 34 You must hand in your report before the end of this month.
Your report ………
5 I had just finished the job when the factory closed
The job ………
6 No one has opened that box for the past hundred years
That box ………
7 Are you going to mail these letters soon?
Are these letters ………
8 The teacher corrects our exercises at home
Our exercises ………
9 John said, “I want to attend a famous university.”
John said ………
10 “I’m looking for the book you gave me last week,” Mary said to Peter
Mary told Peter ………
11 "I will get myself a drink," she said
She said ………
12 "Peter, do you prefer tea or coffee?" she said
She asked ………
13 The father said, “I was on a business trip the whole day yesterday.”
The father said ………
14 “My brother will get married next month,” James said
James said ………
15 I said to my friend: “When did you buy your new car ?
I asked ………
16 Mike said to Henry, “Give me my book back, please.”
Mike told ………
17 He said: “Did you see Mary yesterday ?”
He wanted to know ………
18 He is very slow, so we won’t give his such an important task
If ………
19 City life isn’t enjoyable because everything is very expensive
If ………
20 Peter didn’t write to me so I didn’t write to him
If ………
21 I can’t live in the country because I can’t find a job there
If ………
22 He was tired so he made a mistake
If ………
23 She was ill so she didn’t go to work
If ………
24 I don’t have a spare ticket so I can’t take you to the concert
If I ………
25 It rained all morning so we didn’t go out
If ………
II Choose the correct answer among A , B C or D.
1 She asked me where I _ from
2 I asked Martha to enter law school
A are you planning B if she is planning C was she planning D if she was planning
3 Nam wanted to know what time _
A the movie began C the movie begins B did the movie begin D does the movie begin
4 Julia said that she there at noon
5 Paul asked her, “Have you got 20 pounds?” Paul asked her 20 pounds
A if she got B if she had got C whether she got D whether had she got
6 He told me him up at six o'clock
7 He said that Linda and John married
Trang 4A were getting / tomorrow B are getting / the next day
C were getting / the next day D will getting / the day after
8 They asked me when _
A did I arrive B will I arrive C I had arrived D I can arrive
9 The farmer said, “ I didn’t see her.” -> The farmer said her
A he had seen B I hadn’t seen C she didn’t see D he hadn’t seen
10 I wondered the right thing.
A if I am doing B was I doing C am I doing D whether I was doing
11 Charlie that his father was in hospital.
12 Mr Brown said, “I watched TV last night.” -> Mr Brown said that he _ TV the night before
13 The teacher said Columbus America in 1492
A discovered B had discovered C was discovering D would discover
14 I would have visited you before if there _ quite a lot of people in your house
15 If you had caught the bus, you _ late for work
A wouldn't have been B would have been C wouldn’t be D would be
16 If I _, I would express my feelings
A were asked B would ask C had been asked D asked
17 If _ as I told her, she would have succeeded
18 Will you be angry if I _ your pocket dictionary?
19 You made a mistake by telling her a lie It _ better if you _ to her
A would have been / hadn't lied B would be / didn't lie
20 John would be taking a great risk if he _ his money in that business
A would invest B invested C had invested D invests
21 She wouldn't have given them all that money if we _ her to
A wouldn’t advise B won't advise C hadn't advised D didn't advise
22 If the tree hadn't been so high, he _ it up to take his kite down
A could have climbed B climb C is climbing D climbed
23 If the wall weren't so high, he _ it up to take his ball down
24 If I _ her phone number, I _ her last night
A had known / could have phoned B knew / would have phoned
25 If he the truth, the police wouldn’t arrest him
26 If you press that button what _?
A would happen B would have happened C will happen D happen
27 She says if she _ that the traffic lights were red she _
A had realized / would stop B realized / could have stopped
C has realized / stopped D had realized / would have stopped
28 I am very thin I think, if I _ smoking, I might get fat
29 If I _ that yesterday, I _ them
A had discovered / would inform B had discovered / would have informed
C had discovered / could inform D discovered / can inform
30 If you _ to the course regularly, they a certificate last year
C had gone / would have given D went / would give
18 I think he is not at home If he _ in, he the phone
C were / would have answered D.had been / would have answered
19 If I in London now, I could visit British Museum
Trang 5A were B had been C have been D would be
20 If Columbus _ money from Queen Isabella, he _ across the Atlantic
A do not receive / could not sail B had not received / might not have sailed
C did not receive / might not have sailed D would not receive / might not sail
14 “Please don't tell anyone what happened," Ann said to me
A Ann said to me please don't tell anyone what happened
B Ann told me didn't tell anyone what had happened
C Ann said me not to tell anyone what happened
D Ann told me not to tell anyone what had happened
19 “ Stay in bed for a few days," the doctor said to him
A The doctor said to him stay in bed for a few days
B The doctor said him to stay in bed for a few days
C The doctor told him to stay in bed for a few days
D The doctor told to him stay in bed for a few days
21 Mary said, “I want to give up my job.” -> Mary said that
A she wants to give up her job C she wanted to give up my job
B I wanted to give up her job D she wanted to give up her job
22 His wife said to him, “ write to me as often as you can”
A His wife told him to write to her as often as he can
B His wife told him to write to her as often as he could
C His wife told him writing to her as often as he can
D His wife told to him to write to her as often as he could
23.Mary said ,”I have not seen Peter since last month ”
A Mary said she has not seen Peter since the previous month
B Mary said she had not seen Peter since the previous month
C Mary said she was not seen Peter since the previous month
D Mary said she doesn’t see Peter since the previous month
24 “ I want to go on holiday but I don’t know where to go.” -> Tom said that _
A he wanted to go on holiday but he doesn’t know where to go
B he wants to go on holiday but he didn’t know where to go
C he wanted to go on holiday but he didn’t know where to go
D I wanted to go on holiday but I didn’t know where to go
25 Mary said : “ What will you do this evening, John ?”
A Mary asked John what would he do that evening
B Mary asked John what John did that evening
C Mary wanted to know what she and John would do that evening
D Mary wanted to know what John would do that evening
26 He said to them, “Don't tell me such a nonsense!”
A He told them not to tell him such a nonsense
B He told them to tell him such a nonsense
C He told them not to tell them such a nonsense
D He told them to tell them such a nonsense
30 “Please don’t leave until I come back,” Sarah said
A Sarah told us do not leave until she comes back
B Sarah asked us do not leave until she came back
C Sarah told us not to leave until she came back
D Sarah said to us not to leave until she comes back
34 “I’ve been playing tennis a lot lately," John said
A John said that I have been playing tennis a lot lately
B John said that he has been playing tennis a lot lately
C John said that he had been playing tennis a lot lately
D John said that she had been playing tennis a lot lately
36 “I don't know what Fred is doing," said my sister
A My sister said that she didn't know what Fred was doing
B My sister said she doesn't know what Fred is doing
C My sister said that I don't know what Fred is doing
D My sister said that she hasn't known what Fred was doing