Ngữ pháp tiếng anh 5

Ngữ pháp tiếng anh 5 Ngữ pháp tiếng anh 5 Ngữ pháp tiếng anh 5 Ngữ pháp tiếng anh 5 Ngữ pháp tiếng anh 5 Ngữ pháp tiếng anh 5 Ngữ pháp tiếng anh 5 Ngữ pháp tiếng anh 5 Ngữ pháp tiếng anh 5 Ngữ pháp tiếng anh 5 Ngữ pháp tiếng anh 5 Ngữ pháp tiếng anh 5 Ngữ pháp tiếng anh 5 Ngữ pháp tiếng anh 5 Ngữ pháp tiếng anh 5 Ngữ pháp tiếng anh 5 Ngữ pháp tiếng anh 5

11 Inversion : Cấu trúc đảo ngữ.

Khi các trạng từ mang nghĩa phủ định ( Seldom , Rarely , Never , No sooner , Hardly , Not until , No longer … ) được đặt ở đầu câu  Phải đảo ngữ trợ từ

Examples: : 1 I seldom come there at night Seldom do I come

there at night

2 People didn’t discover Aids until 1981 Not until 1981 did

people discover Aids

 It was not until

1981 that people discovered Aids.

3 We have never seen such a wonderful sight before.

Never have we seen such a wonderful sight before.

4 She had not gone to bed until her father got home from work Not until her father got home from work had she gone to bed.

12 Active and passive voice : Câu chủ động  Câu bị động

Tenses Active  Passive

1 Simple present

2 Simple past

S1 + V1(s/es) + O S1 + V1(cột 2 / ed) + O

S2 + am / is / are + V1(pp)

S2 + was / were + V1(pp)

3 Present

continuous

4 Past continuous

S1 + AM / IS / ARE + V1-ing

S1 + WAS / WERE + V1-ing

S2+Am/Is/Are + Being

+V1(pp)

S2+Was/Were + Being

+V1(pp)

5 Present / past

perfect

S1 + HAS / HAVE + V1(pp)

HAD

S2+ Has / Have + Been+

V1(pp)

Had

6 Modal verbs S1 + MODAL + V (bare inf) S2 + MODAL + Be +V1 (pp)

Modals : can,could,will,would,shall,should,may,might,must,used to,have to,has to,had to…

* Chủ ngữ trong câu chủ động

là :I,we,you,he,she,it,they,people,someone,somebody…

Khi đổi sang câu bị động là: by

me,us,you,him,her,it,them,people,somebody….thì bỏ đi.

* Chủ ngữ câu chủ động là nobody , no one , nothing … khi đổi sang câu bị động thì chuyển động từ (be) chia theo “S” mới và thì ở phủ định …rồi

chuyển V1 thành V+ ed / pp.

* Nếu trong câu chủ động có 2 tân ngữ, một trong 2 tân ngữ có thể làm chủ ngữ trong câu bị động

* By + O đứng trước trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian và đứng sau trạng ngữ chỉ nơi

chốn trong câu bị động

* Nếu tân ngữ trong câu bị động chỉ sự vật , sự việc thì dùng giới từ “with” thay cho “by” trước tân ngữ đó

* Nếu tân ngữ câu chủ động là anybody , anyone , anything … khi đổi sang câu bị động phải chuyển thành S => nobody , no one , nothing … và

chuyển động từ sang thể ngược lại

*** Câu bị động đặc biệt :

1 Câu bị động với think/believe/say…:

CĐ: S1 (People,They,… )+ V1 (say/think/believe…) that + clause (S2 +

V 2(chia) + … )

 BĐ: S2+ is/am/are+ said/thought/believed…+to V2…………

To have + PII (nếu V2 lùi

1 thì so với V 1)

It+ is/am/are+ said/thought/believed… that+ clause

To be ở câu bị động được chia theo thì của V1 trong câu chủ động

Ex: People believe that 13 is an unlucky number

=>13 is believed to be an unlucky number =>It is believed that 13 is

an unlucky number

They thought that Mai had gone away =>Mai was thought to have gone away

=>It was thought that Mai had gone away

2 Câu bị động với “have”:

CĐ: S+ have/has/had sb do st  BĐ: S+have/has/had st done (by sb)

Ex: I had him repair my bicycle yesterday =>I had my bicycle

repaired yesterday.

3 Câu bị động với “get”:

CĐ: S+ get/gets/got sb to do st  BĐ: S+ get/gets/got st done (by sb)

Ex: I got him to repair my car last week => I got my car repaired last week

4 Câu bị động với “make”:

CĐ: S+ make/made sb do st ……  BĐ: (sb)+ is / are / was / were made to do st

Ex: The step mother made Littele Pea do the chores all day

=> Littele Pea was made to do the chores all day.

5 Need:

CĐ: S + need (chia) to do st  BĐ: (st) + need (chia) to be done  (st) + (need) doing

Ex: You need to cut your hair =>Your hair needs to be cut => Your hair needs cutting

Examples: 1 People speak Enghish all over the world  Enghish is spoken all over the world.

2 Is she making a new dress for her mother?  Is a new dress being made for her mother?

3 The boys broke the window and took away some pictures

 The window was broken and somes pictures were taken away

by the boys

4 You must clean the wall before you paint it  The wall must

be cleaned before it is painted

5 He can’t see anything  Nothing can be seen ( by him )

6 John gave me a present  I was given a present by

John

 A present was given for

me by John

7 Alice saw Ann last week  Ann was seen by Alice last week.

8 Mr Smith found the boy in the park  The boy was found in

the park by Mr Smith.

9 Smoke filled the room  The room was

filled with smoke

10 I had him repair my bicycle yesterday  I had my bicycle

repaired ( by him ) yesterday.

11 I get her to make some coffee  I get some

coffee made ( by her )

13 Relative clauses : Mệnh đề quan hệ

*** Who: used for people (Subject)  Who + Verb

*** Whom: used for people (Object / him, her, them, you, us, me…)  whom + S + Verb / Clause

*** Whose: used to show possession (his, her, their, your, our, my…)  whose + Noun

*** Which: used for things (Subject / Object)  which + (S) + Verb /

Clause

*** Where: used to modify a place  At / In / On + which /

there / here

*** When: used to modify a noun of time  At / In / On + which / then

*** Why: used to introduce a reason  the reason, for the reason Notes :1 Nếu có các cụm từ : Neither of them ,All of them ,Some of them ,

Any of them …

 Neither of / All of / Some of / Any of … + which / whom

2 Chỉ sử dụng whom or which sau các giới từ.

3 Không được dùng that trong mệnh đề quan hệ không giới hạn.(có

dấu phẩy)

4 Phải dùng that trong mệnh đề quan hệ có tiền danh từ là một hỗn hợp cả người và vật

Examples: 1 I don’t know the reason She left school fot it.

 I don’t know the reason ( for which ) ……… she left school

2 This is the house We often stay in this house in the summer.

 This is the house ( in which) ……… we often stay

in the summer

3 Can you arrange the time ? We can have another discussion at that time.

 Can you arrange the time ( at which ) ……… we can have another discussion ?

4 The man is my father I respect his opinion best.

 The man ……… opinion I respect most is my father

5 The taxi driver is friendly He took me to yhe airport.

 The taxi driver ……… took me to the airport is friendly

6 Mary and Margaret are twins You met them yesterday

 Mary and Margaret , ……… you met yesterday ,

are twins

7 I look at the moon It was very bright that evening.

 I look at the moon ……… was very bright that evening

8 That is the man to ……… I spoke this morning