Part 2 : Read the following passage and answer the questions. The world''''s oceans are so vast that they can cope with the present levels of pollution.However, little is known about the long-term effects of such slow poisoning. The most seriousproblem of modern time is that man is destroying the earth''''s natural resources and transforminghuge areas into waste land. As a result, it is becoming extremely difficult to grow enough to feedthe world''''s rapidly increasing population. A way of protecting all wild life on the earth must alsobe found as many species are in danger of disappearing completely from the face of the earth. Thesmoke in the atmosphere, for example, is increasing so much that the amount of sunlight has beenreduced in many cities. Man''''s whole environment is being changed in a serious way
Trang 1S + don’t/ doesn’t +V 1 S+ am not/ isn’t/ aren’t
Do/Does + S+V 1 ? Am/Is/Are + S+…?
Everyday, usually, after school, never, often, sometimes, always,
Present
progressive S + am/is/are + V-ing S+am/is/are(not)+V-ing Am/ Is/Are +S+V-ing?
Now, at the present, at the moment, at this time, Look! Listen, !Be careful! Hurry up!
Give the correct form of these verbs:
1 The sun (set) ………in the West.
2 It usually (rain) ………in the summer.
3 They (build) ………the buildings at the moment.
4 Bees (make) ………honey.
5 They (get) ………on the scale now.
6 The earth (circle) ………the Sun once every 365 days.
7 Rivers usually (flow) ……… to the sea.
8 Don’t worry I (give) ………him your message when I (see) ……… him.
9 Look! Jane (play) ……… the guitar Hurry up! The bus (come) ………
10 I (not talk) ……… to her at present.
11 How often……… she (go) ……… fishing?
- She (go) ………once a year
12 your friends (be)……… students?
-Yes, they (be)
13 the children (play)……… in the park at the moment?
-No, they aren’t They (learn) to play the piano
14 ……….you (go)……… to school on Sundays? – Yes, I do.
15 My mother (cook) ………a meal now She ( cook)……… everyday.
16 What……… your mother (do)……… at this time?
- She (make)………a dress
17 she often (go)……… to the cinema every weekend?
18 I don’t know But she always (go) to the church on Sundays.
19 The students (not be) in class at present.
20 She always (wash) the dishes after meals
(do) an exercise on the present tenses at this moment and I(think) that I (know) how to use it now
21 My mother sometimes (buy) vegetables at this market.
22 It (rain) much in summer It (rain) now.
23 Daisy (cook) some food in the kitchen at present She always
(cook) in the morning
EXERCISES II
1 Every morning , Linda ( get )……… up at 6 She ( have ) ………
Breakfast at 6:10 After breakfast , she ( brush ) ………… her teeth She
( go ) ……… to school at 6:30 She ( have ) ………lunch at 11:30 at school
2 We ( watch ) ……….T.V every morning
3 I (do ) ………my homework every afternoon
4 Mai and Lan ( play ) ……….games after school
Trang 25 Vy ( listen ) ………to music every night
6 Where ( be ) ……… your father now ?
He ( read ) ……… a newspaper
7 What ………….you ( do ) ………? I ( be ) ……….a student
8 Where ………….you ( go ) ……….now ?
I (go ) ………to the market
9 She is cooking and we ( do ) ……… the housework
10 He isn`t in the room He ( play ) ……… in the garden
11 Look ! The birds ( fly ) ………
12 I ( go ) ……….to school by bus every day , but today I ( go )
……… to school by bike
13 Listen ! Mai ( sing ) ………
14 They ( play ) ………volleyball every afternoon
They ( play ) ………volleyball now
15 Mai ( brush ) ……… her teeth every morning She ( brush ) ………her teeth now
16 Listen ! Lan ( play ) ……….the piano
17 Mai ( be ) ……….tired now
18 It is 6:00 p.m Mary is at home She ( have ) ……… dinner with her family around six o` clock
19 Where is your father ? He is upstairs He ( watch ) ………TV
He always ( watch ) ……… TV at night
20 Our teacher ( live ) ……… on Quang Trung street
21 Nam and Mai ( do ) ………the housework now
22 What ………your mother ( do ) ……….?
She is cooking
23 How ………you ( go ) ………to school every day ?
24 Nam ( go ) ……… to work by car every day but today he
( take ) ………a bus
25 Where ……… your father ( work ) ……… ?
In the hospital
26 Look ! The teacher ( come ) ………
27 She is very clever She ( speak ) ……….4 languages
28 Steve often ( smoke ) ……….10 cigarettes a day
29 We usually ( have ) ………dinner at 7: 00
30 Anne ( wash ) ……….her hair twice a week
31 Jane ( teach ) ………English to children
32 You ( meet ) ……….a lot of people
33 He often ( go ) ……….to the cinema
34 Food ( cost ) ………a lot of money
35 Listen ! Somebody ( sing ) ………
36 She is tired She ( want ) ……….to go home now
37 How often …………you ( read ) ………a newspaper ?
38 “ Excuse me , but you ( sit ) ………in my place “
“ Oh , I am sorry “
39 “ I am sorry “ I ( not understand ) ………
Please speak slowly
40 What time … she ( finish ) ………work every day ?
41 He ( not usually drive ) ………to work He usually
( walk ) ………
43 Mozart ( play ) ………the piano when he ( be ) ………three
44 Many people prefer ( fly ) ………to ( go ) ……… by sea
45 My mother ( go ) ……… to the supermarket yesterday evening but she ( not buy ) ………
46 He ( move ) ………to Paris in 1917 and ( spend ) ………
6 years in Paris
Trang 347 Teenagers like ( listen ) ………to the latest pop music
48 What ……….you ( do ) ………… tomorrow morning
49 Children shouldn`t ( drink ) ……….coffee It ( not be ) ………
Good for their health
50 My family ( watch ) ……….T.V every night But now we ( listen )
……… to pop music
51 Yesterday Nga father ( start ) ……….his new job
52 I ( meet ) ……… her at the movie theater last night
53 He ( go ) ……….to the English club every Sunday But last Sunday he ( not go ) ………there , he ( go ) ………to the
City Museum
54 My mother ( make ) ………a dress now
55 Two years ago , she ( teach ) ………at a village school
56 We ( travel ) ………to Hue next week
57 What ……….you ( do ) ………yesterday morning
58 They usually ( have ) ………dinner at home , but they ( have ) ………dinner in a small restaurant yesterday evening
59 The children ( be ) ……….here ten minutes ago , but at the moment they ( play )
……….in the jard
60 Could you ( show ) ………me the way to the bus stop
61 Lan and Hoa ( go ) ……… to the post office now
62 Liz ( need ) ……….some stamps and envelopes
63 Hoa ( mail ) ……….this letter tomorrow
64 I need ( buy ) ……… a phone card
65 He ( phone ) ……….his parents three or four times a week
66 Nam wants ( send ) ……… this postcard to his penpal
67 We would like ( visit ) ………Ngoc Son Temple
68 My hair is dirty I ( wash ) ……….it
69 We ( have ) ………an English test tomorrow
70 They usually ( paint ) ……… their house blue
71 My father ( buy ) ……… a new car 2 months ago
72 Nam ( help ) ………his father repair the radio at this time
73 I ( be ) ………busy last night , so I ( miss ) ……….a good film on T.V
74 Mr Robinson ( watch ) ……… T.V every night
75 Mrs Mai ( make ) ……….all her own clothes At the moment she ( make ) ……… a dress for her daughter
76 He ( teach ) ……….math at this school in 1986
77 Every body ( wait ) ……….for the president in the hall now
78 You should ( go ) ……….to bed early
79 Lan ( be ) ……… very tired when she ( catch ) ………… a bad cold 2 days ago
80 She needs ( eat ) ……… a lot of vegetables and fruit
81 I hope you ( feel ) ……… better soon
82 He ( not come ) ……….to the meeting last week
83 My father never ( take ) ……….medicine
84 There ( be ) ………nobody there when I ( arrive ) ………yesterday
85 Yesterday , Hoa and her aunt ( go ) to the supermarket
86 I would like ( tell ) ………you about my family
87 Vegetables often ( have ) ……….dirt from the farm on it
88 Be careful ! The children ( cross ) ……… the street
89 I ( be ) ……….fourteen years old next week , and so will I
90 My father ( not watch ) ……….T.V last night He ( read ) ……… newspapers and magazines
91 You should ( add ) ………a little salt to the spinach when you boil it
92 When ………you ( buy ) ………this dress ? Two days ago
Trang 493 I hope you ( visit ) ……….Ha Noi soon
94 She would like ( buy ) ………some bananas
95 Hoa ( receive ) ……….a letter from her mother 2 days ago
96 It stopped ( hurt ) ……….afterwards
97 I like ( watch ) ……… baseball
98 The children must ( be ) ……….back by six o`clock
99 Marconi ( invent ) ……… radio
100 The disease ( spread ) ……… fast now
101 You ought ( finish ) ………your home work before ( watch ) ……… T.V
102 Hoa ( have ) ……….a lot of friends in Hue
103 Nam and Trung always ( visit ) ………their grandparents on Sunday
104 My father ( listen ) ………to the radio everyday
105 The children ( like ) ……….to play in the park
106 She ( not live ) ……….with her parents
107 Lan ( brush ) ………her teeth after meals
108 The students ( not go ) ………to school on Sunday
109 Nga ( talk ) ………to her friends now
110 She ( be ) ……… 14 on her next birthday
111 We ( visit ) ……… Huong Pogoda next week
112 They ( live ) ……….with their grandparents
113 I ( come ) ………back tomorrow
114 He ( have ) ……….a lot of friends
115 She ( have ) ……… a meeting tonight
116 M y father ( jog ) ………every morning
117 We often ( play ) ……….tennis in the afternoon
118 What ……… you ( do ) ……….next Sunday
119 Phong ( watch ) ……….T.V everynight
120 They ( go ) ……… to the movies tonight
121 Tomorrow , She ( invite ) ……….all friends to her birthday party
122 My brother ( listen ) ……… to music in his free time
123 Our friends ( come ) ………here soon
124 My father never ( drink ) ………coffee
125 I usually ( go ) ……….to school by bike but tomorrow I ( go ) ………to school by bus
126 Jane ( play ) ……… the piano at present
127 He ( visit ) ……… his grandparents next week
128 Jane ( play ) ……… the piano at present
129 We ( not invite ) ……… many friends to the party tonight
130 Hurry up ! we ( wait ) ……….for you
131 Lan and Hoa ( read ) ……… in the library at the moment
132 We ( not come ) ……… here tomorrow morning
133 Listen ! The girl ( play ) ……….the piano
134 Nam ( go ) ……… to the English club every Saturday
134 What ……….you ( do ) ……….now
I ( grow ) ………some flowers
135 My father ( travel ) ……… to Nha Trang next week
136 Students often ( go ) ………to the school cafeteria at lunch time
137 You can ( find ) ………… math books on the racks in the middle
138 Look ! The teacher ( come ) ……….here
139 She ( study ) ……… maps in Geography
140 Ba can ( fix ) ……… the lights
141 They ( do ) ……….some experiments at the moment
142 You ( be ) ……….a famous author one day
143 He enjoys ( draw ) ……….pictures
Trang 5144 Mai ( learn ) ……… to play the piano in her free time
145 I ( try ) ……… to repair the radio now
146 The students ( write ) ………an essay in Literature next Monday
147 Let us ( go ) ………to the English club
148 I ( do ) ……….my math homework at the moment
149 Next year , my sister ( be ) ……… a teacher
150 When they ( be ) ………young , they ( leave ) ……….their family and ( go ) ………to
Ho Chi Minh city
PARTS OF SPEECH
I Danh từ (Nouns):
1 Định nghĩa: Danh từ là những từ dùng để chỉ sự vật, sự việc hoặc con người
2 Phân loại danh từ:
- Danh từ đếm được (countable nouns): book, student, table,
- Danh từ không đếm được (uncountable nouns): water, grass, information,
- Danh từ đơn (simple nouns): war (chiến tranh), bus (xe buýt),
- Danh từ kép (Compound nouns): world peace (hòa bình thế giới), bus station (trạm xe buýt),
3 Chức năng:
a Làm chủ ngữ (Subject-): The children go to school every day
b Làm tân ngữ động từ và giới từ: (Object): The mother gave a cake to her son
c Làm bổ ngữ cho chủ ngữ (Sau keep / seem/ be/ feel/ look) (Complement): He is my best friend
d Làm bổ ngữ cho tân ngữ (Sau call/ select/ name/ ) We call him Tom
II Đại từ (Pronouns):
1 Định nghĩa: Đại từ là những từ dùng thay cho danh từ
2 Phân loại đại từ:
a Đại từ nhân xưng (Personal pronouns): có 2 loại:
- Đại từ làm chủ ngữ: I/ We/ You/ They/ She/ He/ It
- Đại từ làm tân ngữ: me/ us/ you/ them/ her/ him/ it
b Đại từ chỉ định: This/ that/ these/ those
c Đại từ bất định: (Chỉ người) someone, somebody, no one, nobody, anyone, anybody, everyone
(Chỉ vật) something, nothing, anything, everything
3 Chức năng: Giống danh từ
III Tính từ (Adjectives):
1 Định nghĩa: là từ dùng để miêu tả hoặc cho biết thêm chi tiết về danh từ
2 Phân loại:
a Tính từ miêu tả: SIZE + SHAPE + AGE + COLOR + NATIONAL + MATERIAL
(kích thước + hình dạng + tuổi + màu + quốc tịch + chất liệu)
b Tính từ sở hữu: my/ our / your / their / her / his/ its
c Tính từ chỉ số lượng: much/ little/ few/ a lot of / plenty of / each/ every/ another
3 Chức năng:
a Bổ nghĩa cho danh từ: A beautiful girl
b Bổ nghĩa cho đại từ: Something new
c Đứng sau keep / seem/ be/ feel/ look vàbổ nghĩa cho chủ ngữ; He looks happy.
d Đứng sau keep /make let + O + Adj vàbổ nghĩa cho tân ngữ We make our parents happy.
IV Trạng từ (Adverbs):
1 Định nghĩa: là những từ dùng để diển tả tính cách, đặc tính, mức độ, và được dùng để bổ nghĩa cho độngtừ, tính từ, trạng từ khác hoặc cho cả câu
Trang 62 Phân loại:
a Trạng từ chỉ thể cách: well, carefully, quickly, hard, fast
b Trạng từ chỉ thời gian: early/ late / yet/ now, today, yesterday, before, after, tomorrow
c Trạng từ chỉ mức độ: too much/ too little/ very / extremely/ a lot / nearly
d Trạng từ chỉ địa điểm: here/ there/ upstairs/ at home / in the garden
e Trạng từ chỉ sự thường xuyên: always/ often/ usually/ sometimes/ hardly/ once a week
3 Chức năng:
a Bổ nghĩa cho tính từ: A very beautiful girl
b Bổ nghĩa cho động từ: walk slowly; study hard; play well
c Bổ nghĩa cho trạng từ: walk very slowly; study so hard; play quite well
WORD FORM
12 Depth (độ
sâu)
30 Science/
Scientist
Trang 733 Warmth Warn Warm Warmly Ấm áp
IDENTIFICATION OF WORD FORMS
I Chọn danh từ: (đầu câu, sau độïng từ và giới từ)
- THIS/ THAT/ THESE/ THOSE
- MY/ OUR / YOUR / THEIR / HER / HIS/ ITS
- FEW, A FEW, LITTLE, A LITTLE, ENOUGH
THE MOST /BEST
2 KEEP / SEEM/ BE/ FEEL/ LOOK + ADJ:
A happy girl always smiles (happiness)
3 Linking verbs: He’s heavy ( heaviness) III Chọn trạng từ: Giữa chủ ngữ và động từ / sau động từ thường, sau tân ngữ đầu câu,
4 S + ADV + V(thường):
5 S + V (+ O) + ADV
6 ADV , S + V
1 I have recently received my friend’s letter
2 The doctor told me to breathe in slowly
3 Suddenly , he saw an accident
IV Chọn động từ: đứng ngay sau chủ ngữ:
V Complete the sentences using the correct form of the words in brackets.
He feels very ………… ……….………so he talks ………… ………
………
Anger
Nam is always ………… ……….……… He is on his …… ………
Mr Han is a ………… ……….……… driver He drives …………
……….………
Care
I live on ………… ……….……… highland in Dalak Center
Her parents’ ………… ……….……… makes her very sad Death
There is no ………… ……….……… between my answer and his Differ
We have a lot of ………… ……….……… in learning English Difficult
The is an………… ……….……… football match this afternoon Excite
She sent her best wishes for my future………… ……….……… Happiness
He does exercise every morning, so he is very………… ……….……… Health
………… ……….………students don’t often succeed in the tests Laziness
……… ……….are trying to find out new stars Science
Trang 8I don’t like hot weather I like………… ……….……… weather Warmth
ADVERB CLAUSES OF TIME & REASON
A ADVERD CLAUSES OF TIME:
Là mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian bắt đầu các liên từ When, while, after/ before, as (khi), until (đến khi )
S +V+ When/ while/ after/ before/ as/until + S + V Chỉ tương lai: When he comes tomorrow, we will welcome him
Chỉ hiện tại: When it’s hot, I go swimming / As I come, he is eating.
B ADVERD CLAUSES OF REASON:
Là mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ lý do hay nguyên nhân bắt đầu các liên từ: because/ since/ as (bởi vì)
S + V + because/ since/ as + S + V
Mr Ba is late because/ since/ as she oversleeps
Because Lan and Ba don’t have a tent, they never go camping
C Join two sentences into one, use because/ since/ as:
1 Lan and Ba never go camping , so they don’t have a tent
D Join two sentences into one, use when/ while/ after/ before/ as/until:
1 It is warm I go fishing (when)
1 A An : đứng trước danh từ đếm được số ít để giới
thiệu một điều gì chưa được đề cập hoặc lần đầu.
A ball is round
I see a boy in the street
2 An : đứng trước danh từ bắt đầu bằng nguyên âm
A : đứng trước danh từ bắt đầu bằng phụ âm an apple, an inkpot, an engineera book, a pen, house, a man,
Trang 93 Những danh từ ,luôn dùng với A European, uniform, universal, university, union,
eulogy, euphemism
4 Những danh từ ,luôn dùng với AN hour, heir, herbal, honor
Đứng trước danh từ đếm được hoặc không đếm
được ở số ít hay nhiều để giới thiệu một điều gì đã
được đề cập, được bổ nghĩa cụm giới từ with / of
+ N hay điều mà ai cũng biết.
The earth is round (ai cũng biết)
The boy in the corner is my friend
The sugar on the table is sweet ( nghĩa riêng biệt)
The tigers in Vietnam are in danger
Trước danh từ không đếm được ở số ít/ đếm được ở số nhiều khi nói đên đặc điểm, chủng loại, giống nòi chung chung
Athletes must follow a well- balanced diet
Sugar is sweet (nghĩa chung chung)Tigers like fresh meat
a Tên Nhiều hồ: The great Lakes
Các đại dương: the Atlantic Ocean
Các dòng sông: The red River
Các vùng biển: The red Sea
Tên hồ số ít: Lake Geneva, Lake ErieChâu lục: Europe, Africa, Asia, Australia
b Tên các dãy núi: the Andes, the rocky mountains Tên một núi: Mount Everest, Mount Pinatubo
c Một vật/ người duy nhất:
the earth, the moon, the sun, the Pope, the sky
Tên các hành tinh: Venus, Mars, Danh từ trừu tượng: freedom, happiness
d Tên các trường học có: the School of Florida
Tên các trường đại học có: the University of
Tên các trường cao đẳng có: the College of
Tên trường học bắt đầu danh từ riêng:
Quang Trung Secondary SchoolHung Vuong University, Hong Bang College
e Số thứ tự đứng trước danh từ: the first World War Số đếm đi sau danh từ: World war one, chapter two
f Tên các nước gồm nhiều từ: the U.S, the U.K Tên các nước gồm một từ: France, Vietnam
g Tên các nhạc cụ: the guitar, the piano Tên các môn thể thao: baseball, volleyball, soccer
h Tên các cuộc chiến: the Korean war Những từ không bị giới hạn nghĩa: breakfast, lunch,
dinner, church, school, college, home, work, hospital
Supply the correct word form
1 The duty of the police is the _of law and order (MAINTAIN)
2 Our tomatoes are nicely; they’ll be ready to eat in about a week (RIPE)
3 Look at this picture of Bill and his father - you can see the clearly, can’t you? (LIKE)
4 He said ‘Good morning’ in a most _way (FRIEND)
5 Playing for the national team for the first time was an _experience for Hong Son (FORGET)
6 “This is not a good essay,’ said the lecturer ‘I find your arguments (CONVINCE)
7 It’s a lovely old house, I agree, but can we afford to _ it? (MODERN)
8 George and I have been friends since _ he used to live next door (CHILD)
9 In winter it is important for farmers to provide food and _ for their animals (WARM)
10 Pele Ronaldo to take part in 2002 World Cup (COURAGE)
11 is one of the qualities required of a social worker (FLEXIBLE)
12 Novelists are among the most _people in the world.(IMAGINE)
13 Secondary education is and free in many countries (COMPEL)
14 The song has been selected for the Sea Games 22, Vietnam (OFFICE)
15 _are doing their best to make people aware of the danger of air pollution (ENVIRONMENT)
Trang 10o A or An? The general rule is that we
use a before a consonant and an before a vowel:
a bowl, a car,a dog, but an ant, an elephant, an
insect, an orange, an urn
But, what is important here is not the way a word is
written, but the way it sounds We choose a or an
depending on the sound at the beginning of the word
and whether it is a vowel sound or a consonant sound
For example, take the word uniform Although it
begins with a vowel - u - when we write it, when we
say it the first sound is /y/ which is a consonant:
uniform is pronounced ‘/jun ɪfɔːm/ so we say a
uniform
One word which is often confused is hotel Some
people pronounce this word as /həʊˈtɛl/ so they
would write:
a hotel But other people pronounce this word as /
əʊˈtɛl/ and so they would write: an hotel
o The Zero Article does not
exist It is a useful term to use when describing how to use articles Essentially when we talk about the zero article, we mean that we don’t useany article in front of a noun
For example, when we use a noun with a preposition,
we often do not use an article (that is, we just use the
noun on its own):
I went to school but left my books at home Mother
was in church and father at sea; Grandfather came to
dinner later by train and Grandmother managed to
escape from prison to join us.
When we talk about an institution, we use the zero
article
– The definite article doesn't change It is always
the whether the noun is masculine, feminine or
neuter, singular or plural We use the definite
article - the - when we talk about a singular or plural noun which refers to a particular member
of a a group
The woman.The man.The door.The doors.
Prior Reference
We often use the after the noun has already been
mentioned For example:
An Englishman, an Irishman and a Sctosman walk into a pub The Englishman ordered a bitter; the Irishman ordered a Guiness and the Scotsman ordered a whisky.
The first time we mention the noun we use the indefinite article and from then on we use the definite article
Known Reference
If both speakers know what they are talking about they
can use the even though the noun may not have been
mentioned before In other words, it is implied that the noun has already been mentioned
Excuse me, do you know what the time is?
Where's the toilet?
In these examples, the speaker assumes that the listener knows what is being talked about
Miscellanous In addition, the is used in the following
special circumstances
Exceptions include: the Hague; the Matterhorn; the Mall; the White House, the United States of America
We use the definite article - the - when we talk about a
singular or plural noun which refers to a particular member of a a group
In this example the group is all men; we want to reference
a particular man so we say: The man in the hat.
Compare this with the indefinite article which refers to
any man in the group: A man in a hat.
parts of day/night midnight, midday, noon, night
seasons & months Winter, February oceans, seas the Pacific, the Black Sea
years 1961, 1995, 2000 inventions the wheel, the internal combustion engine buildings Buckingham Palace, number 10 titles the Queen, the President, the chairperson
streets Acacia Avenue, Pall Mall, Sunset Boulevard rivers & canals the Thames, the Nile, the Suez
airports Heathrow, Gatwick public buildings the Sheraton, the Red Lion, the Natural History Museum cities & towns London, New York, Tokyo, Sydney, Cairo newspapers The Independent, The Daily Mirror, The Times mountains Everest, K2, Mont Blanc families the Browns, the Bushes
countries America, Britain, Arabia countries of union the United States, the United Arab Emirates
continents Africa, Asia, America, Europe jobs He is an artist and his wife is a plumber.
beliefs He is a Buddhist and his wife is an atheist.
magazines Cosmopolitan, Time mountain chains the Alps, the Highlands
Trang 11games football, tennis, bar billiards instruments the piano, the bag pipes
nationalities He is an American and she is a Swede.
COMPARISONS
A/ So sánh bằng: (equality)
S + V + AS ADJ/ ADV AS + S
B/ So sánh hơn: (Comparatives)
Tính từ ngắn: S + V + ADJ/ADV- ER + THAN + S2
Tính từ dài: S + V + MORE + ADJ/ ADV + THAN + S2
C/ So sánh nhất; (Superlatives)
Tính từ ngắn: S + V + THE ADJ –EST + N.
Tính từ dài: S + V + THE MOST + ADJ + N.
This new house is as expensive as that one
He ran faster than his friends did
Films are more interesting than plays
Ex: He is more intelligent than Peter.
Nam is the youngest student in his class
Winter is the coldest in the year
Note: - Tính từ ngắn : 1 vần và 2 vần như: happy, pleasant, quiet
- Tính từ dài: các tính từ 2 vần trở lên như : interesting, beautiful, expensive
- So sánh các tính từ đặc biệt: good → better/ the best; bad → worse/ the worst;
little → less/ the least;many → more/ the most; far → farther/ further/ the farthest/ further
Test (comparative or superlative form)
I/ Read the situations and complete the sentences Use the comparative form (-er or more )with give adjective.
1 The CD is 20.000 dong , the cassette is 12.000 dong (expensive)
The streets in the city ………
9 The buses run every 30 minutes The trains run very hour.(frequent)
The buses ………
10 Yesterday the temperature was six degrees Today it’s only three degrees.(cold)
It ………
II/ Write the sentences from the notes.Use the superlative form of the adjective.
1.Mark / tall /person/ his family.……… 2.This stadium / modern / Europe.……… ………
Trang 123.What /happy/ day/your life.………
4.The Beatles album / good / they ever made ………
5.Asernal /popular/team/England.………
6.This painting /valuable/the gallery.……… ………
7.Yesterday/hot /day/the month.………
8.This watch/ one /cheap/you cn buy.………
9.That/ boring/ film /I /ever / see.………
10.It /bad/mistake/I/ever/make.………
III/ Write the comparative form or the superlative form of the words in brackets 1 Sport is……….politics.(interesting) 2 Can’t you think of anything ……… to say?(intelligent) 3 It’s ……… day of the year.(short) 4 London is………Birmingham.(big) 5 I prefer this chair to the other ones.It’s ………(comfortable) 6 The weather is getting……….(bad) 7 I like living in the countryside.It’s ……….living in a town.(peaceful) 8 Who is ………in the class?(clever) 9 That’s ……… meal I’ve had for a long time.(delicious) 10 It was……….speech I’ve heard (boring) III/ Read the situations and complete the sentences Using the words in brackets. 1 I’m quite tall but you are taller.(as…… as) I’m………
2 Hoa and Tim are both 13 year old (the same…… as) Tim is………age………
3 She speak English very well ,and her sister speaks well too.(as…… as) She speaks………her sister 4 They lived here for a long time but we’ve lived here longer.(as…… as) They haven’t………us 5 My birthday is 12 August Tom’s birthday is 12 August (the same as) My birthday is ………Tom’s 6 Sandra spent 100 dollar ; but Susan spent 120 dollars.(as…… as) Sandra ………much money………
7 Nam drive carefully, but his sister drive more carefully.(as…… as) Nam doesn’t………
8 We left the meeting at 10 pm ; they left the meeting at 10 pm too (The same ……as) We left ………time………
PREPOSITIONS
With IN: the morning, august, summer, 2006, uniform, hospital, bed, the world, debt, prison, English, the center of,
the middle of, some ways, addition, Vietnam, London, ink, the past/ future, case
With ON: Monday, Saturday morning, holiday, radio, subject, foot, a farm, a chair, the beach, the phone,
Christmas Day, the occasion, the south coast of, a picnic, the way to, time, a street, a floor, the right/ left, sale, the corner
With AT: 5 o’clock, first, last, present, the moment, 16 years old, the age of (15), home, school, the bus stop, the
Trang 13same time, a party, Mary’s house, the end of, the beginning of, night, least, once, times, work
With others: for a week/ fun/ reading/ a walk - from Paris to London, from nine to five- By Nguyen Du, by
shooting, by then, by the way, by far, by accident by car/ bus/ taxi/ plane - with smoke, with hands, out of date/ work/ order
ADJ+ Prep: amazed, amused, delighted at – afraid of, angry with, bad at, good at, different from, fond to, familiar
with, famous for, proud of, interested in, kind to/ of, pleased with, useful for, worried about, similar to, accustomed to
VERBS + Prep: borrow from, compare with, crowd into, laugh at, look at/ after/ for/up, prepare for, participate,
think of ,prefer to, succeed in, take part in, take care of, tell about, take to about, tune into, keep in
touch, consist of
NOUN + Prep: love for, habit of/ aspect of, sight of, means of, reason for, method of, pair of
SOME SENTENCE PATTERNS
1 S + V + Adj/ n
( be, look, keep, seem, taste, sound, become)
Jack looked very worried
The food tastes delicious
2 S + V + Adv (walk, drive, talk, close, rise come) He is careful He drives slowly
3 S + V + O + adv ( watch, read, meet, make, see) He watched T.V every night
4 S + V + O + C (make, elect, declare, consider…)
( think, believe, find)
(keep, make, let, have)
(regard, recognize, appoint, consider)
We made Frank armchair
I find the lesson too boring
Sad movie makes me cry
They regard him as an excellent player
5 S + V + I.O + D.O = S + V + D.O+ to/ for + I.O
(give, teach, show, award, offer, lend +to // buy, make+ for)
Mary teaches me English.= He teaches English to me
My mother bought me a hat = She bought it for me
6 S + V + prep + O (look at, wait for, cope with, rely
on, depend on, complain/talk about, smile at…)
I have been waiting for you for an hour
He looks at himself in the mirror
7 S + V + prep + O = S + V + O (pro) + prep
(put on/off, take off, turn on /off, throw away, see off
He puts on his shoes = He puts them on
I turn on the light, and then I turn it off
8 S + V + O + noun clause
(learn, know, show, discover, decide, understand…)
I can understand what you said
He showed me where the bank was
9 There (be) + noun + prep phrase There is some water in the jar
There were many students in the yard
EXPRESSIONS OF QUALTY(SỰ DIỄN TẢ VỀ SỐ LƯỢNG)
1 - SOME: Trong câu khẳng định/ lời mời: - Dùng với danh từ số ít không đếm được và sốâ nhiều đếm được:
Ex: I like some milk Would you like some milk?
2 - ANY: Trong câu phủ định và nghi vấn - Dùng với danh từ số ít không đếm được và sốâ nhiều đếm được:
Ex: I don’t like any milk Do you like any milk?
* Các đại từ someone, somebody, something, noone, nothing, nobody, anyone, anything, anybody, everyone, everything, everybody cũng dùng theo cách trên Chú ý No = Not + any: nobody = not any body
3 MANY / A LARGE NUMBER OF/ A GREAT NUMBER OF/: (nhiều) Dùng với danh từ sốâ nhiều đếm được:
Ex: He has many books
Ex: A large number of students in our school are good
4 MUCH / A LARGE AMOUNT OF/ A GREAT DEAL OF /: (nhiều) Dùng với danh từ số ít không đếm được:
Ex: He has much time to play
Ex: A large amount of
* How much/ How many cũng dùng theo cách trên:
Trang 14Ex: How many eggs does she want? - She wants a dozen eggs.
Ex: How much beef do you want? - I want 200grams of beef
5 PLENTY OF/ A LOT OF / LOTS OF (nhiều) Dùng với danh từ đếm được và không đếm được:
Ex: He has plenty of books Ex: He has plenty of time to play
* Very/ too/ so/ as + many/ much + noun
Ex: There is too much bad news on T.V tonight
6 FEW / A FEW/ LITTLE / A LITTLE: (ít, một ít, một vài)
A FEW: (rất ít ý phủ định)
+ Dùng với danh từ sốâ nhiều đếm được
Ex: I feel lonely because I have a few friends there
B A FEW: (một vài ý khẳng định)
+ Dùng với danh từ sốâ nhiều đếm được
Ex: You can see a few houses on the hill
C LITTLE: (rất ít ý phủ định) + Dùng với danh từ sốâ ít không đếm được Ex: I have very little time for reading
D A LITTLE: (một ít, một chút ý khẳng định) + Dùng với danh từ sốâ ít không đếm được
Ex: I need a little help to move these books
7 More, less, fewer:
A FEWER: So sánh hơn của (few - a few)
- Dùng kèm với danh từ đếm được số nhiều
S + V + fewer + ADJ / Noun + than + S
Ex: He has fewer days off than we. B LESS: So sánh hơn của (little - a little) - Dùng kèm với danh từ không đếm được hoặc
kèm với tính từ S + V + Less + ADJ / Noun + than + S
Ex: He is less scared now Do you have less free time than Hoa? C MORE: So sánh hơn của (a lot of / many /much) - Dùng kèm với danh từ đếm được hoặc không đếm được Ex: Do you have more hours than Hoa? - Dùng kèm với tính từ dài (Từ 2 vần trở lên) - S + V + More + ADJ / Noun + than + S Ex: He is more tired than I 8 MOST / MOST OF: (Phần lớn, hầu hết) A MOST + NOUN ( số nhiều :Most children / hoặc không đếm được: Most coffee) Ex: Most children are fond of sweets Ex: Most coffee is new and good B MOST OF + MY/ HIS/ HER/ YOU/ THEIR/ THE / THIS/ THAT/ THESE/ THOSE + N Ex: Most of the boys in my class want to play soccer. READING D Read and answer the questions: I Hi, My name is pike and this is my son He learns in a big school in London He goes to school from Monday to Friday and doesn’t go to school at the weekend At school, he studies may things He is very much interested in math and Physics because they are his favorite subject At recess, Peter often plays basketball and he plays it very well He sometimes plays soccer after school In his free time, he always listens to music and he learns to play the guitar He hopes he will become an engineer in the future Where does Peter learn?
What subject does he like?
What does he do at recess?
What does he do in his free time?
Does Peter want to be an engineer or a singer?
II We are all destroying the earth The sea and the rivers are too dirty to swimming in There is so much smoke
in the air that it is unhealthy to live in many of world’s cities We have cut down so many trees that there are
Trang 15now vast areas of wasteland all over the world As a result, farmers in parts of Africa can’t grow enough rice to eat Wild animals are quickly disappearing We must save the earth
1 Are we are all destroying the earth?
2 What are too dirty to swimming in?
3 Why is it unhealthy to live in many of world’s cities?
4 What disappear quickly?
5 What should we do now?
III I’m Linh, Pham Thuy Linh I am a new student of 7A class in Nguyen Du secondary school I am thirteen and I come from Hoa Binh I have a brother and a sister They are 500 students at a high school in Hoa Binh I live with my aunt at 20 Le Loi Street She often brings me to school by motorbike every day It is more than two kilometers from my aunt’s house to my school It takes us ten minutes to go these My telephone number is 871374. SURVERY FORM Family name: ……… ………
Name(s): ……… ………
Age: ……… ………
Grade: .………
School: ………
Brothers and sister:………… ………
Address : ……… ………
Telephone number: ……… ………
Distance : ……… ………
Means of transport: ………
Time: ……… ………
IV My name is Lan I am 12 years old I am a student at Hoang Dieu School My father is a farmer He grows vegetables and raises cattle on our farm in the countryside My mother is a teacher She is always busy at school I have an elder sister, Mai She is a nurse, and she works in a hospital I love my family very much 2 How old is Lan? ……… ………
3 Who is always busy at school? ……… ………
4 What does Lan , s father grow? ……… ………
Where does Mai work? ……… ………
PHẦN II Ôn t p ki n th c l p 8 và ập kiến thức lớp 8 và ến thức lớp 8 và ức lớp 8 và ớp 8 và 9 PART A : PASSIVE- ACTIVE 1 He has finished the report.
2 The police captured the thief
3 The movie disappointed us.
4 She returned the money last night.
5 The students attended the course.
6 Mr Jones teaches this class.
7 He delivers the mail every day.
8 She took that book from the desk.
9 Fire destroyed that house
10 She will eat the cake
1 They are eating a cake
2 English people speak English
3 People wear glasses
4 The children drinks whisky
Trang 165 Our children keep a cat and a dog as pets
6 A rooster does not lay eggs
7 Sheep give the wool
8 Mother did not serve dinner
9 They left hats and coats here
10 They cannot hold the meeting in that room.
1 He has to pay the bill
2 For the time being, Alice is teaching that group
3 She has finished the report
4 The police have arrested five suspects
5 The mad dog bit the little boy
6 The teacher corrects our exercises
7 Mr Smith saw the accident
8 They started a dancing class last week
9 You should insure the package
10 He may pay the bill for us
1 You ought to water the plants once a week
2 The mailman is delivering the mail now
3 Somebody has taken my briefcase
4 The doctor ordered him to take a long rest
5 Lightning struck the house
6 He wrote an article about our country.
7 She has translated that novel into Vietnamese
8 The visitor divided the gifts among the children
9 My secretary opens the mail every morning.
10 He will publish a new book
1 The host treated us very kindly
2 My wife will write the report for me
3 His teacher has transferred him to another class 4 You must keep dogs in the garden.
5 A stranger started the fire
6 They will publish the book next year
7 A French architect designed the bridge
8 Lightning struck the house
9 Maria won the first prize
10 They will sign the contract tomorrow
1 They sent him to Los Angeles
2 Mrs Kennedy teaches the class
3 They published the book in 1997
4 The police have caught the thief
5 They gave Linda a prize for one of her books
6 Someone has told me about her success
Trang 177 People speak English all over the world
8 They sell English books in that shop
9 Someone is repairing my car at the moment
10 People always admire this picture
1 He uses milk for making butter and cheese
2 She makes progress every day in the world of science
3 The author will write this novel in June
4 Nobody will solve this hard problem
5 Her mother will take her to hospital next week
6 Someone will clean the room
7 They had to cut down that tree
8 Someone should tell Sally what happened
9 They’re going to build a new hospital
10 We can solve the problem
1 Someone has to finish the job
2 They may send the man to prison
3 We must do something now
4 I don’t like people starting at me
5 I dislike people making jokes about me
6 They separated the rice from the husk
7 The boys made a fire by their camp
8 They built this house more than one hundred years ago
9 Every year Viet Nam exports millions of tons of rice
10 The publisher published his book in 1996
1 They repaired my desk during the weekend
2 Nobody saw her at the party last night
3 The government has not changed the regulation
4 She didn’t introduce me to her mother
5 Someone is cutting the grass now.
6 Someone ought to repair this window
7 Peter is writing a letter to his friend
8 My friends are making some phone call in the evening
9 Bad drivers are causing many accidents
10 People play football all over the world
1 They will sign the contract tomorrow
2 We will issue the library cards soon
3 Thuy has to finish her homework tonight
4 People must hand in their weapons
5 They are repairing my piano at the moment
6 A doctor has just examined John
7 The fire destroyed many houses yesterday
Trang 188 Tom will return those books to the library tomorrow
9 Bad weather has delayed Flight 202 from Miami
10 You must keep your room tidy
1 He is awarding the prize to the Thon Trieu team
2 The company has ordered some new equipment.
3 I decorated the Christmas Tree yesterday
4 The tornado destroyed thirty houses.
5 The manager should sign these contracts today.
6 Lan will clean all the glass windows.
7 Lan’s mother has to buy some oranges.
8 They performed Christmas songs 800 years ago.
9 Somebody will call Mr Green tonight.
10 These workers are building a new hospital.
1 Nobody has used this room for ages.
2 Hoa sent a Christmas card to Lan last Christmas.
3 Santa Claus gives children presents on Christmas Eve.
4 Mary’s parents sent her some money
5 Each competitor must take a bottle on the river bank 6 Did they build this monument ten years ago?
7 They delayed the football match.
8 People put many kinds of newspapers on the table 9 Tom must write this essay.
10 My father has just bought a lot of new books.
1 People will publish this novel in February.
2 They are building a new hotel.
3 Betty has just sent Mai many postcards.
4 Hoa sent her mother a gift.
5 They will build many new schools in the future.
6 Students must write the answer in ink.
7 He wrote all the songs on this new album.
8 They held rice-cooking festival in Thon Trieu last year .
9 We must solve this problem soon.
10 Nguyen Du wrote Truyen Kieu.
1 We must do something for these poor men.
2 They have to separate the rice from the husk.
3 He shouldn’t do that silly thing.
4 The boy operates that tape-recorder.
5 They gave us a post card.
6 The student cleaned the room every day.
7 I had lost some of my books.
8 We believe these boys to become better.
9 The scientists found the problem.
Trang 1910 The cat pulls the pan into the sink.
1 He gives her a novel about a love story.
2 They were painting a house.
3 She is watering those flowers.
4 We had finished our reports in three months.
5 He ought to sell that car.
6 We have seen her at the station.
7 The librarian will give students the books
8 He showed me the way to Thames River.
9 He was learning in his room at 8.30 yesterday.
10 You can buy me an envelope.
1 We have just bought a car.
2 We have just met Jim.
3 They visited the church two years ago.
4 Mrs Green is cooking the food in the kitchen.
5 The doctor examined the patients.
6 These boys made that noise.
7 I can’t do these exercises quickly.
8 She had finished the report by noon.
9 The movie has disappointed us very much.
10 They have to pay the bill before the first of the month.
1 They will ask you several questions.
2 My parents promised me a bicycle two days ago
3 Somebody has locked the box and I can’t open it.
4 Somebody calls the president every morning.
5 Airplanes are carrying food to the flood region now .
6 Nam can repair this sewing machine.
7 People advised us not to go out alone.
8 The police ought to put the robbers in prison.
9 They had checked her handbag.
10 Susan’s father has promised her a new watch.
1 You will answer all the questions on the paper.
2 The earthquake has destroyed many buildings.
3 He has just killed a tiger.
4 Lan’s mother is making her a dress.
5 We saw Mrs Quyen leave her house at 9 o’clock.
6 Mr Lam must finish this work before June.
7 My parents are going to buy a new TV tomorrow.
8 We haven’t seen Peter yet.
9 Nam and Ba are painting the fence
10 Hoa reads a story book after dinner.
Trang 201 They were building a new school here when we came.
2 He will send his parents a gift.
3 She has bought two new dresses recently.
4 You must write these music lessons in ink.
5 We saw our friends outside the church yesterday
6 Lan saw an accident on Le Loi street yesterday .
7 People can grow potatoes in this farm.
8 I have seen that exciting film many times
9 My father drinks a cup of tea in the morning.
10 Bill called his boss yesterday.
1 Susan is phoning her boyfriend in the living room now
2 Mr and Mrs Long were playing chess when we came 3 His parents have just given him a new dictionary.
4 We grow rubber trees in our country.
5 He met his father at the front gate.
6 People can’t plant rubber trees in the desert.
7 We haven’t seen Peter yet.
8 Ba and Nam are painting the fence.
9 Linh reads a story book after dinner.
10 He will send his parents a gift.
Part B:
REPORTED SPEECH
I Reported speech with the introductory verb in the present simple
Ex: My teacher of Geography says, “ The Sun rises in the East.”
My teacher of Geography says ( that ) the Sun rises in the East.
II Statements,commands, requests,advice in reported speech and indirect questions with if and whether
1 Statement in reported speech
Ex: Nam said, “ I am doing my homework now.”
Nam said (that) he was doing his homework then.
2 Commands in reported speech
Ex1: He said, “ Can you meet me after class?”
He asked me to meet him after class Ex2: “Don’t talk in class”, Our teacher said.
Our teacher told us not to talk in class.
Ex3: The policeman said, “ Please show me your driving licence.”
The policeman ordered me to show him my driving licence Ex4: “Don’t touch this button or you’ll get an electric shock”,the man said to me
S1 + says (that) + S2 + V’ + O’
S + said (that) + S2 + V” + O”
Trang 21The man warned me not to touch that button or I would get an electric shock.
3 Advice in reported speech
EX: “ You should stop smoking,” my father said.
My father said/ told ( that ) I should stop smoking.
4 Indirect questions with if and whether
Ex1: She asked me “ Do you like playing soccer?”
She asked if/whether I liked playing soccer.
Ex2: “Will Tom be here tomorrow?” she asked Ba.
She asked Ba if/whether Tom would be here the day after.
Ex3: “ Is the Big Ben in New York city?” Nam asked Lan.
Nam asked Lan if/whether the Big Ben was in New York city.
Ex4: She said, “ Do I look alright?”
She wondered if / whether she looked alright.
5 WH-questions in reported speech
Ex1: My teacher said to us, “ where are you going ?”
My teacher asked us where we were going
Ex2: Nga said, “ What time does the bank close?”
Nga wanted to know what time the bank closed
Ex3: She said to me, “ what’s your name?”
She asked me what my name was
S + ordered + O + ( NOT) + TO_infi
warned
S + said/told ( that ) + S2 + Should + V_bare infi
S + asked (s.b) / wanted to know / wondered + If / Whether + S’ + V’ +…
asked ( O )
Wanted to know
Trang 2222 She asked me “ Do you like playing soccer?”………
“Will Tom be here tomorrow?” she asked Ba.……… ………
23 “ Is the Big Ben in New York city?” Nam asked Lan.……… ………
24 She said, “ Do I look alright?”………
25 My teacher said to us, “ where are you going ?”………
26 Nga said, “ What time does the bank close?”………
27 She said to me, “ what’s your name?”………
28 She asked me, “ Do you like listening to pop music.”………
29 “ Tom will be here tomorrow?” Na asked.………
30 “ Is Phong Nha Cave in Northern Vietnam, Nam?” I asked.……… ………
31 Lan asked me, “ Is the Mount Everest the highest mountain in the world?”………
32 “Where is my new jacket?” John asked his mother.………
33 “ Bring the stick here, Lucy” Hoa said.………
34 “ I was having dinner when she came” Ngoc told me.………
35 “ Don’t talk in class” the teacher told us.………
36 “ Practice more your English, Hau” his brother advises.……… …
37 “ Don’t make so much noise in library” the librarian told them.………
38 “ Let’s go for a show” Hennry suggested.………
39 “ Steve, tidy up your room now” Mrs Thu ordered.………
40 “ Please, take out the rubbish” Mrs Young told the maid.……… ………
Trang 2341 “ Finish your homework before watching TV, Mary” her mother said.………
42 Yen asked me, “ Is the Statue of Liberty in New York?”………
43 I asked her, “ Do you enjoy your Enlish class?”………
44 I asked my new classmate, “ Do you visit the Taj Mahah in India?”………
45 “ Can you go to the concert with me tonight?” our friend asked us.……… …………
46 “ Where can I find the director’s office?” the woman asked me.……… ………
47 “ How much does it cost?” I asked the shop assitant.……… ………
48 The travelers asked, “ How long does it take to get to Ha Long Bay?”……… ……… ……
49 “ Why does Peter sing a song loudly?” we wondered.………
50 “ When does the next bus leave?” she asked me.………
51 She said to me, “ Are you hungry?”………
52 The man said to her, “ Can you play the guitar?”………
53 Thu’s mother said to her, “ Are you willing to help your friends now?”………
54 The doctor said to the patient, “ Do you feel better now?”………
55 The son said to his father, “ Will you come here every weekend, dad?”
61 He said to her, “ I will take you at home.”………
62 “ Did you phone me yesterday?” Tim asked Mary.………
63 “ Please wake me up at 5 o’clock”, he said to me.………
64 The teacher said to us, “ keep silent, please.”………
REPORTED SPEECH
A Rewrite the following sentences using reported speech:
1 I said, “ Are you planning to enter law school, Martha?”
4 The little girl said,” I haven’t done my homework”
The little girl
5 The woman said,” I must go home now to make the dinner.”
Trang 2416 “Come and see us if you want some help,” The old people said to the newcomer.
The old people _
17 “How old are you, Mrs Robinson?” the little boy said
The little boy
18 He said, “Are you enjoying yourself?”
B Change direct speech into reported speech Begin each of the sentences in the way shown.
1) He said to me,”You took the money.”
He accused
2) The teacher said to Jim, “Would you give your book to Mary please?”
The teacher asked _
3) The student said,”I’m sorry I’m late.”
The student apologized _
4) Boddy’s father said to him, “Don’t forget to brush your teeth.”
Boddy’s father reminded
5) “I’ve always wanted to become a doctor,” Helen said
Helen has always dreamed
6) The nurse said to me, “You should consult a dermatologist.”
The nurse advised _
7) “Don’t touch the hot plate,” I said to Ann
I warned _
8) The fire chief said, “Everyone must leave the building immediate ly.”
The fire chief ordered
9) The man said to the hunters, “Everyone stopped hunting and killing animals.”
The man prevented
10) The instructor said to the students, “You’ll have exactly one hour to complete the exam.”
The instructor warned
11) The boy said to the woman, “I’ve broken the window of your house.”
The boy amitted
12) My parents often said to me, “Good for you! It’s good to be independent.”
My parents encouraged _
13) Mrs Smith said, “I would like to meet the president.”
Mrs Smith looked forward to
14) He said to the children, “Don’t swim in the lake without an adult present.”
He allowed
15) “That’s great! I’m going to France in August,” thought Henry
Henry was thinking of
16) Laura said to her roommate, “Remember to set your alarm clock for 6:00 am.”
Laura reminded _
17) “Why don’t we go to Dalat this weekend?,” said Peter
Trang 25C Conditional in reported speech.
1 He said, “If I catch the plane, I’ll be home by five.”
A Rewrite these sentences, using Conditional Sentences:
1 She is very shy; that’s why she doesn’t enjoy parties
2 He is very unhealthy because he doesn’t take any exercise
3 I didn’t see the signal, so I didn’t stop
Trang 2611 I can’t tell you what time it is because I don’t have a watch.
B Use the correct tense of the verbs in brackets:
1 Your son will be if he (eat) _ too much green fruit
2 If dinner (not be) ready, we’ll go without it
3 You shouldn’t study hard if you (want) to pass the final exam
4 Unless he (ask) _ you, don’t give him anything
5 What (happen) _ if I press this button?
6 You could understand the lesson better if you (not talk) in class so much
7 I’ll go mad unless he (turn) _ the radio off
8 We (not have) _ to walk a long way if we hadn’t run out of petrol
9 If the story (not be) true, the newspaper wouldn’t have printed it
10 What _ you (do) _ if you (be) _ a millionaire?
C Rewrite these sentences as directed:
1 He doesn’t eat fish when he isn’t extremely hungry
4 A person must have a passport to be able to travel abroad
A person cannot travel abroad unless
5 Ann’s having a lot of trouble because she lost her passport last week
Trang 27Part C: SENTENCE TRANSFORMATION
1 QUESTIONS WITH “HOW MUCH”
What + be + the price of sth ? <=> How much + be + sth ?
How much + do/does + sth + cost?
b What is the price of your car? How much……….?
c What is the price of his coat? How much……….?
d What is the price of her hat? How much……… ?
e What is the price of these beautiful scarves? How much……… ?
f How much are these oranges? What is ……… ?
h How much do these dresses cost? What is……… ?
i How much does the petrol cost? What is ……….?
j How much is a cup of coffee? What is……… ?
2 QUESTIONS WITH “ HOW TO GET TO”
Can you show/tell me the way to + a place?
<=> Can you tell me how to get to + a place ?
a Can you tell me the way to the bank?………
b Can you tell me the way to Chu Se post office?………
c Can you tell me the way to the station?………
d Can you tell me the way to the pagoda?………
e Can you tell me the way to the bank?………
f Can you tell me the way to Ham Rong mountain?……… ………
g Can you tell me how to get to the bus station?……… ………
h Can you tell me how to get to the bus station?………
i Can you tell me how to get to Tan Son Nhat Airport?……… …………
j Can you tell me how to get to Uncle Ho’s?………
k Can you tell me how to get to the Cao Ba Quat seconary school?………
l Can you tell me how to get to Chu Se market?………
3 HAVE-THERE IS/ARE
S + have <=> There is/are
a The café has a lot of tables.………
b Theatre programmes usually have lots of information……… ………
c London has more than fifty theatres.……….…
d The garden has a swimming pool.……….………
e The system has both private and state schools.……….………
f My house has four rooms.……… …
g There will be more than 8 billion people in the world in 2020……….……
Trang 28h There have been more robberies in this town recently.……… ……….
i There will be a lot of interesting TV programmes for people.……… …
4 ADJECTIVE + NOUN
S + be + adj + noun <=> Noun + be + adj
a The national theatre has very comfortable seats.-………
b Our university has many large classrooms.-………
c These are very valuable paintings.-………
d The book contains many beautiful illustrations.-………
e They are in unfavorable situations.-………
f The university has got numerous outstanding professors.-………
g The tower of the church is high.-………
h We have got a magnificent view from our window.-………
i The test they did was not easy.-………
j The house my parents bought is comfortable.-………
5 WITH + NOUN- ADVERB
S + V + with + noun <=> S + V + adv
a He handled the chinawares with care.-………
b He delivers his lecture with eloquence.-………
c The students listened to their teacher with great attention.-………
d They waited for the football match with excitement.-………
e The fishermen looked out to the sea with anxiety.-………
f The candidates took their exam with impatience.-………
g The sick people tried to endure the sufferings with impatience.-………
h We received him with pleasure.-………
i She kissed her teacher with thanks.-………
j The boy rushed out of the room with horror.-………
6 IT + TAKES/TOOK…
S + V + time <=> It takes/ took + (SO) + time + to_infi
a I accomplished this task in three months.-………
b Jane spends 3 hours a week sorting stamps.-………
c Any pictures that are taken will have to travel for 3 minutes before they reach the earth
………
d She wrote the letter in 30 minutes.-………
e John finished his essay in two hours.-………
f I washed all these clothes in an hour.-………
g The flight to Moscow lasted three and half an hour.-………
h We spend five hours getting to London.-………
i The passengers spent one hour and a half to fly to HN.-………
j The engineers completed the construction work in 100 days.-………
7 THE VERB “ MAKE”
Trang 29S + be + adj <=> S + make + O + adj
a Why was she late?-What………
b The critics were strongly impressed by her performance.-Her performance made ………
c I am always nervous when I travel by air.-Travelling………
d He felt happy with the news.-………
e She felt happy with the toys.-The toys made………
f She heard the song and she felt homesick.-The song made………
g They were late because of heavy traffice.-………
h Nam’s sister is always sad when she sees that film.-………
i He was successful thanks to his hard work.-His hard work made………
j We work all day and we have no time to spare.-Our work makes………
8 ADJECTIVE-ADVERB
S + be + adj + noun <=> S + verb + adv
a They are fast typists.-………
b He is a fluent speaker.-………
c Peter is a hard worker.-………
d Van is a good singer.-………
e They are fast runners.-………
f Morgan is a slow driver.-………
g Tony and Bob are very good footballers.-………
h We are lazy students.-………
i Mary is an excellent dancer.-………
j They are frequent church goers.-………
9.EXCLAMATORY SENTENCES
S + be + adj <=> What + (a/an) + adj + n !
How + adj + S +be
S + V + adv <=> How + adv + S + V !
a She is a very graceful girl.-What………
b How fast he run!-He is………
c The meal was excellent.-What………
d This is a beautiful picture.-What………
e She sang very beautifully.-How………
f What a sweet little girl!-She………
g What a great idea!-That is………
h What a beautiful home you have!-You………
i How nice that Jane could come with you!-It is………
j How nice she is!- What a………
10 TO LIKE- TO BE FOND OF
S + like + sth <=> S + be + fond of sth
a I like detective stories.-I am………
b She likes drinking coffee.-She is………
Trang 30c Children like sweets.-Children are………
d The tourists like to lie on the beach sunbathing.-The tourists ………
e We like to go camping in the mountains.-We are………
f Nobody is fond of liars.-Nobody………
g She is fond of watching the sunset.-She………
11 LET-ALLOW
S + let + O + do sth <=> S+ allow + S.O + to do sth
a Bi let Ba keep the kitten.-Ba allowed………
b The teacher didn’t let the class leave before 4:30.-The teacher………
c The police let the people enter the bank.-The police………
d Our parents let us do what we think we should.-Our parents………
e The boss disn’t let her have a day off.-The boss………
f The national laws allow us to do private businesses.-The national laws………
g Thay don’t allow outsiders to attend their meeting.-They don’t………
h Thay don’t allow the students to smoke in class.-They don’t ………
i She will allow her son to engage in social activities.-She will………
j The weather didn’t allow people to celebrate the ceremony in the open air
The weather didn’t………
12 THE VERB “ SUGGEST” FOLLOWED BY PRESENT SUBJ
a Let’s + V S + suggest + that + S + present subj
b In my opinion
c S + advise
d Why don’t you do sth? Or S + suggest + V_ing
a “Let’s go for a walk in the part,” said Ann.-Ann suggested that………
b In my opinion you are not telling the truth.-I suggested………
c “ I’d take a taxi if I were you”, said Peter.-Peter suggested………
d The doctor advised me to take a rest.-The doctor suggested………
e “ Why don’t you complain to the company, Peter?” said William
William suggested………
f Why don’t you meet to discuss the pay offer?-I suggest………
g “Why don’t you go on a walking holiday?” Jane said.-Jane suggested………
h “Why don’t you buy a food processor?” said Mary.-………
i The policeman told us to fit new locks on the door.-………
j “Why don’t you buy this picture as a wedding present?” said Nga.-………
13 TO BE SUPPOSED TO
a It’s one’s duty to do sth <=> S + be + supposed to do sth
b S + be + thought to + V
a It is your duty to obey him.-You are………
b Yogurt is thought to be good for you.-Yogurt is………
c Swimming is believed to be good for our health.-Swimming is………
d Exercise is thought to do us good.-………
Trang 31e Drinking alcohol is said to do us harm.-……….
f It’s your duty to be on time.-………
g Nobody wanted you to be hare.-………
h Everybody expected the flight to be on time.-………
i It’s your duty to help his parents with housework.-………
j People wanted the train to arrive at 6.00-The train was………
14 PREFER- WOULD RATHER
a S + would prefer S + would rather + S + past subj
b S + like….better than <=> S + would rather…than….
c S + prefer S + would rather + V.
a He would prefer you to tell him a story.-He’d rather………
b We’d prefer you not to smoke.-We’d rather………
c Daisy likes to eat fish better than meat.-………
d They like to go to the zoo better than to the cinema.-………
e Peter likes to be a tractor driver better than to be a farmer.-………
f We prefer to stay at home tonight.-………
g Tony would rather watch sports on TV than play.-Tony prefers………
h Mr Ba likes to live in a city better than in the countryside.-Mr Ba would rather………
i I like to be a worker beter than to be a farmer.-………
j He likes to be a supporter better than to be a player.-………
15 THE VERB KEEP/FIND + O + ADJ
S + V + O <=> S + keep/find + O + adj
S + find + it ( unreal object ) + adj + to_infi
a The heavy traffic annoys the residents.- The residents find………
b We must clean and tidy our school.- We must keep………
c Some visitors to Britain get depressed by the weather.- Some visitors to Britain find………
d Cark has no problems in marking friends.- Cark finds it………
e He found that it was difficult to tell them the truth.- He found it………
f English pronunciation confuses us.- We find………
g We think that learning English grammer is easy.- We find………
h The office work doesn’t allow us to rest.- The office work keeps………
i We shouldn’t pollute our environment.- We should keep………
j Her words embrrassed us.-We found………
16 TOO + ADJ + TO_INFI AND SO… THAT
a S + be + too + adj + to_infi
<=> S + be + so + adj + that + ( S + can’t + V_infi )
b S + V + too + adv + to_infi
<=> S + V + so + adv + that + ( S + can’t + V_infi )
a This iron bar is too cold for the worker to strike.-………
b The news is too good to be truth.-………
c He spoke too fast for anybody to understand.-………
d This tea is too hot for him to to drink.-………
e The cake was too hard for me to eat.-………
f The production is too small to satisfy the need of our city.-………
g The problem was too complicated for them to solve in a few months.-……… ………
Trang 32h The man was too tired to say a word.-………
i I think that my sister is too busy to help them.-I think ………
j Peter is too young to take part in the club.………
17 ADJ/ADV+ ENOUGH
a S + be + so + adj + that + S + V
b S + be + too + adj + to_infi
<=> S + be + adj + enough + to_infi
c S + V + so + adv + that+ S + V
<=> S + V + adv + enough + to_infi
a The water was so cold that children could not swim in it.-………
b Mike is too young to see the horror film.-………
c He acted so well that the audience was moved to tears.-………
d She isn’t very intelligent so she can’t do that exercises.-………
e The paper mill is very large so it can satisfy the need of the whole country
………
f Those exercises are easy so they could finish them in half an hour.-……… ………
g The policeman could not run very fast, so he was unable to catch the burglar
………
h There is no much beer, so you can’t all have a drink.-………
i I am very tired so I must go to bed early.-………
j Peter is too young to ride a bike.-………
18 HAD BETTER
a S + advise + O + to do sth
b S + ought to + do sth <=> S + had beter + do sth
Should
a Jonh advised Tom not to lend them any more money.-………
b “ I advised you to take a holiday.” The doctor continued.-………
c They are advised to travel by train.-………
d I advised you to put your money in the bank.-………
e I advise you not to say anything like that again.-………
f You ought to haveyour car serviced every two years.-………
g They should quit smoking.-………
h We should train ourselves to become good citizens.-………
i She is advised to take part in the music festival.-………
j You ought to take a rest.-………
19 USED TO
a S + once + past verb
b S + present verb ( negative ) any more
Trang 33c This is the first time + The present perfect tense
<=> S + be not used to + V_ing
a They once started these machines by hand.-………
b He doesn’t get up late any more.-………
c I don’t listen to the radio any more………
d They don’t have a dog any more.……….…………
e My brother doesn’t serve in the army any longer.………
f Ben is not as keen on travel as she used to be.………
g When he was young, he usually did morning exercises in the park.………
h The man often spent his holiday in the mountain when he was young.……… ………
i Before he had the car, he went to work by bike.………
j When I was young , I often got up early.………
k Janie isn’t accustomed to working so hard.………
l I often get up early.………
m My English friend finds driving on the right difficult.………
n This is the first timethat I have lived in a city with a high crime rate.………
o She has always got up early in the morning.………
q Working a large office is a new experience for me.………
r My brother is accustomed to living in a cold climate.………
s I don’t normaly go into town by car.………
t My grandmother is not accustomed to the cold weather.………
u This is the first time my daughter has eaten European food.………
21 NOT ONLY…BUT ALSO
a S + V + both….and….
b S + V + O/C + and + O/C <=> S + V + not only….but also…
c S + V + and + S + V
a You are both funny and witty ->Not only………
b She can enjoy a good meal and she can go fishing on the lake
She can not………
c They ate lamb chops and fish.->………
d The underground is quick and cheap.->………
e Mr Nam has read a novel by Shakespear and he has seen the film made from it
………
f They like field events and they like team games.->………
g Daisy has both toothache and headache.->………
h The pavements are both narrow and crowded.->………
i That boy was dirty and he was lazy, too.->………
j Mrs Phuong’s daughter is both beautiful and clever.->………
22 CAUSATIVE FORM
1 Causative active: S + get / ask / request / want + S.O + to do sth
<=> S + have + S.O + to do sth
2 Causative passive: <=> S + have + sth + P.P
a Someone is going to repair my TV set tomorrow
I am going to………
Trang 34b They had the porter carry their luggage to a taxi.
They had their………
c They had an electrician rewire their house last month
They had their house………
d I am going to ask somebody to mend your bike
j The teacher asks the girls to do needle work at home
The teacher has………
3 ALTHOUGH AND IN SPITE OF
Although + clause <=> In spite of + Noun / gerund
Trang 35S + be + not necessary / pointless S + don’t have to
There is no need to
S + needn’t…
a It isn’t necessary to shout.->You………
b It is pointless to repair that old typewriter.->That old………
c It isn’t necessary to make an appointment to see the bank manager
There is no………
d In the event, the extra insurance we took out wasn’t necessary.-> In the event, we needn’t………
e It isn’t necessary for you to finish by Saturday.->………
f It isn’t necessary to have any previous experience to apply for the job.->………
g It isn’t necessary for us to repay the loan.->………
h It isn’t necessary for me to explain all the recent absenteeism.->………
i It isn’t necessary for you to do the test - >………
j It will be necessary for her to give up her job soon
Soon she………
25 THE VERB “MAY”
Perhaps + S + will or S + will probaly + V
Look as if
It is possible that
S + May <=> Seem
There’s a good chance + S + will + V
In all probability / likelihood + S + will + V
It’s quite likely that + S + will + V
a I think it may rain
f Over the years one may become an authority on one’s hobby
Over the years it is quite ………
g They might have a party at the Town Hall
Trang 36j Mr and Mrs Grey may have dinner in a cheaper restaurant now.
It is possible………
26 SURPRISE-FANCY
What a surprise to do sth <=> Fancy + doing
a What a surprise to see you here! -Fancy………
b What a surprise to plant vegetables on the top floor of the building!-………
c What a surprise to hear that he passed his college entrance exam!-………
d What a surprise to learn well in a such a condition!………
e What a surprise to learn a language in 24 hours!………
Fancy having a swim in this clod weather! ………
What a surprise………
g Fancy living in the condition of zero gravity! ………
h Fancy raeding with blind eyes! ………
i Fancy working underground for months! ………
j Fancy cutting the trees on the lightlines! ………
27 PROUD-PRIDE
S + be proud of <=> S + pride + oneself + on.
a Miss Nga is proud of her cooking. ………
b She is proud of being such a good cook. ………
c We must be proud of our country. ………
d She is proud of having saved the drowned child. ………
e Everybody is proud of what they do. ………
f The girl is proud of her beauty. ………
g The boy prides himself on his success. -………
h He prides himself on remaining calm in an emergency. ………
i My parents pride themselves on making us what we are today. ………
j The president prides himself on the development of the nation’s economy.………
28 IT’S HIGH TIME
It’s high time + S + past subjunctive
a You really should be able to dress yourself by now
It’s high time you………
b “ It’s time for you to go to the hospital,” Sam said to Hellen
“It’s time you………
c When is the council going to do something about the city’s traffic problems?
It’s high time something………
d I had better get back to work. ………
e The government should really do something about air pollution. ………
f Children should be in bed by now. ………
g We ought to find out how much it’s going to cost. ………
h We haven’t visited Uncle Peter for ages. ………
i We ought to find out why he is in London. ………
Trang 3729 WOULD RATHER + CLAUSE AND IF ONLY
1 If only + past subjunctive
Past perfect subjunctive
2 S + would rather + S + subjunctive
a “It’s silly of you to worry so much!” Helen answered, laughing
“ If only you………
b What a pity he didn’t spend more time revising.-If only………
c Would you mind not smoking in here?-I’d rather………
d You should admit that you’re to blame, not try to conceal it. ………
e I would prefer you not to smoke in here. ………
f I don’t want you to smoke in here. ………
g Please don’t interupt me when I am speaking. ………
h Please don’t tell him. ………
i I would prefer you to deliver the sofa on Saturday. ………
30 DOUBLE COMPARATIVES
If + S2 + V2 + comparative adj / adv + S1 + V1
<=> the comparative adj / adv + S2 + V2
the comparative adj / adv + S1 + V1
a If you work harder, you make more products
The harder you work,………
b If you have a better job, you get higher pay
The better the job,………
c If you are happier, you look younger
The happier………
d If there are more people, it will be better
The more people………
e If they rise higher, they will fall harder
The higher………
f If it rains and rains, you feel more like not going out
The more it rains………
g If you get here sooner, we’ll be able to start out sooner
The sooner………
h If you hear more about it, you become more anxious
The more you………
i If the letter is heavier, you have to put more stamps on it
Trang 38The heavier the letter………
j If you travel to more places, you find out more about the world
The more places………
PART E CONDITIONAL SENTENCES
D Rewrite these sentences, using Conditional Sentences:
16 She is very shy; that’s why she doesn’t enjoy parties
17 He is very unhealthy because he doesn’t take any exercise
18 I didn’t see the signal, so I didn’t stop
E Use the correct tense of the verbs in brackets:
11.Your son wil be if he (eat) _ too much green fruit
12.If dinner (not be) ready, we’ll go without it
13.You shouldn’t study hard if you (want) to pass the final exam
14.Unless he (ask) _ you, don’t give him anything
15.What (happen) _ if I press this button?
16.You could understand the lesson better if you (not talk) in class so much
17.I’ll go mad unless he (turn) _ the radio off
18.We (not have) _ to walk a long way if we hadn’t run out of petrol
Trang 3919.If the story (not be) true, the newspaper wouldn’t have printed it.
20 What _you (do) _ if you (be) _ a millionaire?
F Rewrite these sentences as directed:
21 He doesn’t eat fish when he isn’t extremely hungry
24 A person must have a passport to be able to travel abroad
A person cannot travel abroad unless
25 Ann’s having a lot of trouble because she lost her passport last week
Trang 40- Đảo ngữ vì có trạng từ /cụm trạng từ đầu câu:
Near the church was an old ruined cottage.
Often have I heard it said that he is not to be trusted.
Twice within my life time have was world wars taken place.
Such was the tale he told me.
- Đảo ngữ vì có (trạng) từ phủ định đầu câu:
In no circumstance could I agree to such a proposal.
Not until all attempts at negotiation had failed did the men decide to go on strike.
- Đảo ngữ vì có ONLY đầu câu không phụ nghĩa cho chủ ngữ :
ONLY + RARELY/ WHEN/ THEN…
ONLY + PREPOSITIONAL PHRASE ….
Only rarely has an accident occurred.
Only in Central Vietnam have I seen such scenery as that.
- Đảo ngữ vì có HERE/ THERER ở đầu câu:
There is a letter for you on the desk.
Here is your pen.
- Đảo ngữ vì có HERE/ THERE trong câu cảm:
There goes the bus!
Here comes George!
- Đảo ngữ vì có SO/ NEITHER/ SO… THAT:
I didn’t go to the movies, neither did he.
I went to the movies, so did he.
So tired was the man that he can’t work more.
- Đảo ngữ vì có tân ngữ được phụ nghĩa bởi tính từ phủ định ở đầu câu:
Little help will you get from him.
- Đảo ngữ vì xoá bỏ IF trong câu điều kiện (Dùng WERE/ SHOULD/ HAD):
Had I met you before, we may have been friends.
(If I had met you before, we may have been friends.)
Were I you, I would help her
(If I were you, I would help her.)
Should we hear any further news, we will be in touch immediately.
(If we hear any further news, we will be in touch immediately.)
- Đảo ngữ vì có PREDICATE (Subjective complement) ở đầu câu: