Unit 4: Volunteer Work Language Focus

review gerund and distinguish between gerund / perfect gerund and participle/ perfect participle in some cases... • Teacher reads the sounds /w/ and /j/ and the words once or twice • Co

UNIT 4: VOLUNTEER WORK

PART E: LANGUAGE FOCUS

*Aims :

pronounce the sounds /w/ and /j/ correctly.

review gerund and distinguish

between gerund / perfect gerund and participle/ perfect participle in some cases

METHOD AND TEACHING APPROACH Communicative

Communicative

Approach

TEACHING AIDS

- chalk board and chalk

- computer

- paper

• Teacher reads the sounds /w/ and /j/ and the words once or twice

• Conducting repetition

• Asking some students to read again

• Giving feedback

• Teacher may read the sentences once or twice and ask some students to read again

if time permits

/w/ /j/

we wheel yes years west wet yellow use wine whale young York

• Teacher gives instructions

• Teacher divides the class into 4 groups Each

group is given a big sheet of paper and

asked to write the appropriate gerund in 3 or

4 minutes

• Students stick their answers on the board

• Teacher shows the answers The whole class

check the answers and score the paper of

each group.

• Teacher may ask students to explain their

choices and tell the reasons why gerund is

used in some of the sentences

• Teacher helps students to review the uses of

gerund.

• Exercise 1: Complete each of the

following sentences with an appropriate

gerund of the verbs from the box.

spend behave wait park

start bend meet listen

Example:

He found that parking was difficult

in that city.

• 1- I have no objection to _ to your story again

• 2- Touch your toes without _ your

knees!

• 3- You should be ashamed of yourself

for _ so badly

• 4- I am looking forward to _ you

• 5- You can’t prevent him from his

own money

• 6- Would you mind _ for a moment?

• 7- In spite of late, we arrived in

time

listening

bending

behaving

meeting

spending waiting

starting

The gerund can be used in the

following ways

1 As subject of sentence (in example)

2 As complement of a verb

3 After prepositions (in number 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

and 6)

4 After certain verbs ( in number 6)

5 In noun compounds

• The techniques of Exercise 2 are similar

to those of Exercise 1

• Teacher explains the uses of present

participle in some of the sentences and help students with the structures

Exercise 2: Complete of the following

sentence with an appropriate present

participle of the verb from the box

lie modernize shop pass prepare rise try read burn

Example :

I saw him my house

-I saw him passing my house

1 She smelt something _ and saw smoke _

2 If she catches you _ her diary, she’ll be furious

3 The found a tree _ across the

road

4 I’m going this afternoon

5 He doesn’t spend much time his lessons

6 They wasted the whole afternoon

_ to repair the bike

7 They spend a lot of money the house

burning rising

reading lying

shopping

preparing

trying

modernizing

Some of the uses of present participle

1 After verbs of sensation (see, hear, feel,

smell, listen to, notice, watch)

2 After catch/ find/ leave+ O

3 After go/ come/ spend/ waste/ be busy

4 To replace a clause

Ex: He entered the room and saw a stranger

 Entering the room, he saw a stranger

The difference between gerund and present participle

• Gerund: used as a noun equivalent

• Present participle: more like a verb or an adjective

Exercise 3: Put the verb in brackets into the perfect gerund or perfect participle

**Example:

He was accused of _ (desert) his

ship two months ago

_ He was accused of having deserted his ship two months ago

Perfect Gerund and Perfect

Participle

• A perfect gerund / participle is used instead of

a gerund/ participle when we want to

emphasize the completion of the action

We are happy about your

completing all your

assignments

We are happy about your

having completed all your assignments

Participle Perfect Participle

Finishing the work, they

went home Having finishedwork, they went home. the

1 I object to him having made (make) private calls on the

office phone

2 Having been (be) his own boss for such a long time, he

found it hard to accept orders from another.

3 They denied having been (be) there.

4 Having tied (tie) one end of the rope to his bed, he threw

the other end out of the window.

5 Having read (read) the instruction, he snatched up the fire

extinguisher.

6 The children admitted having taken (take) the money.

• Scoring and rewarding

• Asking students some questions about the similarities and the differences between

gerund/ perfect gerund and participle/

perfect participle

HOMEWORK

Write 5 sentences using gerund and 5

THANK YOU VERY MUCH FOR YOUR ATTENTION