MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING MINISTRY OF CULTURE, SPORTS & TOURISM VIETNAM NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF CULTURE AND ARTS STUDIES Tran Duc Nguyen MANAGEMENT OF HISTORICAL AND CULTURAL RE
Trang 1MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING MINISTRY OF CULTURE, SPORTS & TOURISM
VIETNAM NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF CULTURE AND ARTS STUDIES
Tran Duc Nguyen
MANAGEMENT OF HISTORICAL AND CULTURAL RELICS
IN BAC NINH PROVINCE IN THE PROCESS OF INDUSTRIALIZATION AND URBANIZATION
Major: Cultural Management
Code: 62 31 06 42
SUMMARY OF DOCTORAL DISSERTATION IN CULTURAL STUDIES
Ha Noi - 2015
Trang 2The study has been completed at:
VIETNAM NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF CULTURE AND ARTS STUDIES
Scientific supervisor: Associate Professor Dr Dang Van Bai
External Examiner 1: Assoc Prof Dr Bui Hoai Son
Vietnam National Institute of Culture and Arts Studies
External Examiner 2: Dr Tran Dinh Luyen
Bac Ninh Department of Culture, Sports and Tourism
External Examiner 3: Dr Nguyen Van Tinh
Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism
The dissertation will be defended before the Institute - level Examining Committe,
Vietnam National Institute of Culture and Arts Studies
32 Hao Nam, O Cho Dua, Dong Da, Ha Noi
At………
The dessertation could be looked up at:
- Vietnam National Library
- Library of Vietnam National Institute of Culture and Arts Studies
Trang 3INTRODUCTION
1 Rationale of the study
Bac Ninh Province is located in the Red River Delta with favorable natural, fertile soil and convenient river systems for trading with other localities in the region Bac Ninh is steeped in local cultural and historical tradition These elements of nature and social history as above has contributed to Bac Ninh’s treasure of diversified cultural heritage, unique, rich value that has been transmitted to the present day One of the elements
of such precious cultural heritage is is a system of historical - cultural monuments which is diverse both in forms and types According to statistics, there remain approximately 2,000 historical - cultural relics distributed throughout the districts, towns and cities in Bac Ninh Province
Over the years, especially since the Cultural Heritage Law had been enacted (2001), the management of cultural and historical relics in Bac Ninh Province has been much positively changed The key relics of the Province has been managed, invested for restoration and renovation
so as to effectively to meet the needs of cultural enjoyment of the community inside and outside the Province However, there remain limitations to such management, caused by defects in anti-degradation,
in the treatment of encroached land, in relic’s protection zoning, and in the propagation, dissemination and implementation of guidelines and policies of the Party and laws of the State on monument preservation
Currently, Bac Ninh has the rapid socio-economic growth and the strong process of industrialization and urbanization This has positive impacts on conservation and promotion of heritage value as increased funding for restoration and renovation of relics, avoidance of degradation and destruction of relics However, it also has negative effects such as state heritage overwhelmed, damaged, deformed or damaged This is the problem faced by management agencies, standing
in front of a pressure force for the protection, exploitation and promotion
Trang 4of traditional cultural values in a sustainable manner, while ensuring the service of socio-economic development, raising spirit and material living standards for residential community
2 Aims of the study
- Researching the situation of historical - cultural management with successes and limitations and determining the cause of such limitations
- Studying the impact of industrialization and urbanization to the ruins and relics management activities in Bac Ninh
- Proposing some solutions to achieve higher efficiency in the management, conservation and promotion of the values of the historical-cultural relics in Bac Ninh Province in the current period
3 Object and scope of the study
3.1 Object of the study
The dissertation studies all issues relating to the management of historical-cultural relics in Bac Ninh Province in recent years, which focuses on the study of the policies of the Party, State and Local authorities on conservation of monuments and policies for community, participation in conservation of monuments, organizational structure and operations management in the field of historical-cultural relics, the role
of the community in the management; the impact on the process of industrialization and urbanization to historical-cultural management
3.2 Scope of the study
- Scope of space: the historical and cultural monuments in Bac Ninh Province
- Scope of time: from the Cultural Heritage Law was enacted in
2001 to the present
4 Method of the study
- Method of interdisciplinary research: Culture studies, Cultural management, History, Preservation of historical cultural relics
- Method of survey and field;
Trang 5- Methods of cultural - sociological research: Qualitative and quantitative methods research
- Methods of synthesis, analysis, statistics, classification and comparison
5 Scientific and practical significance of the study
The Dissertation contributes to systematize theories on cultural heritage, cultural heritage management; perspectives, theoretical basis for relic management It provides information and data on the system of cultural and historical monuments in Bac Ninh Province; Clarifies the situation of organizational structure and historical - cultural management, the impact of the development of industrialization and urbanization for relics; then proposes the solutions for improving the effectiveness of the management of historical cultural relics, creating resources to promote economic development in the era of industrialization and urbanization
6 Design of the study
Besides the Introduction, Conclusion, References and Appendices, the dissertation is structured into 3 chapters:
Chapter 1: Theoretical fundamentals of heritage management, the
overview of historical and cultural relic system in Bac Ninh Province
Chapter 2: Current situation of the management of historical and
cultural relics in Bac Ninh Province
Chapter 3: Orientation and solution for improving the effective
management of historical and cultural relics in Bac Ninh Province in the process of industrialization and urbanization
Trang 6CHAPTER 1 THEORETICAL FUNDAMENTALS OF HERITAGE MANAGEMENT, OVERVIEW OF HISTORICAL AND
CULTURAL RELIC SYSTEM IN BAC NINH PROVINCE
1.1 Overview of the Study
1.1.1 The study on the management of tangible cultural heritage 1.1.2 The study of historical and cultural relics in Bac Ninh Province
1.1.3 The study on the management of historical and cultural relics in Bac Ninh Province
Up to now, the studies on the relic management of heritage has not yet focused deeply on issues such as managerial object and tools, management of natural landscape environment and architectural space, strategic issues of conservation and promotion of heritage value, the systematical planning, master planning and conservation projects have not been discussed and deeply studied For Bac Ninh in particular, in addition to the limitations above, there is no specific and systematical study on managerial issues of historical and cultural relics, especially in the condition of socio-economic development, the process of industrialization and urbanization with positive and negative impacts to the ruins This has been a big challenge for local managers Therefore, the issues which have not yet been accessible shall be a certain gap that will be mentioned and researched in this Study
1.2 Theoretical fundamental of the Study
1.2.1 Theoretical fundamental
There are many different views on conservation of cultural heritage with three outstanding viewpoints: the viewpoint of preservation of original values, conservation on the basis of inheritance and the viewpoint of conservation and development In the study, the objects of the management and conservation are the historical and
Trang 7cultural relics in specific locality with the characteristics of type and building materials The conservation should respect the original, accuracy, integrity and sustainability of the relics of the allowable conditions The relic preservation should be followed to the goal and associated to socio-economic development, specially linked to the community, respected and uphold the role of the community as the cultural creators, heritage owners, beneficiaries of such heritage value, but also played an active role in protecting and promoting the values of cultural heritage The monuments should be exploited and promoted the value for propaganda and education on tradition, cultural identity, promotion of the local image, practically contributing to the socio-economic development, especially bringing material and spiritual benefits to communities surrounding monument and heritage This is the theoretical viewpoint applied in the Dissertation
1.2.2 Some basic concepts
* Cultural heritage
* Historical and cultural relics
* Management and management of historic and cultural relics
* Cultural Management
* Community
* Sustainable development
* Industrialization and urbanization
1.2.3 Legal fundamentals for the management of historical cultural relics
The most legal fundamental for management of historical -
cultural relics is Cultural Heritage Law in 2001 and Law amending and
modifying some articles of Cultural Heritage Law in 2001
1.3 Overview of the system of historical cultural relics in Bac Ninh Province
1.3.1 Some features of Bac Ninh Province
1.3.1.1 Geographical location and natural features
Trang 81.3.1.2 Resident
1.3.1.3 Economic - social features
1.2.1.4 Historical and cultural characteristics
1.3.2 Overview of the system of historical cultural relics in Bac Ninh Province
1.3.2.1 Quantity and type of relics
- Quantity of relics: Currently, there are a total of 1.545 monuments
of all kinds, including 498 rated monuments (194 nationally rated monuments and 304 provincially rated monuments in overall Province)
Distribution: the relics were distributed in the Province; the average density of 18 monuments/1km2
- The type of relic in Bac Ninh Province: the relics can be divided
into three types of relics: 1/ Type of archeology; 2/ Type of historical monuments; 3/ Type of architectural monuments
1.3.2.2 The situation and technical status of the relics
The historical-cultural relics are divided into the following
categories: 1/Relics are ruins, accounting for approximately 3% of total relics; 2/Relics are in the condition of serious degradation, accounting for approximately 20% of total relics; 3/Relics are expressly degraded, accounting for approximately 65% of total relics; 4/Relics are in good
condition, accounting for approximately 12%
1.3.2.3 Ownership form of relics
There are two ownership forms: 1/Relics are under collective ownership; 2/Relics are under private ownership
1.3.2.4 Historical cultural relics with festival
There are about 547 festivals in Bac Ninh Province, the majority
of which are organized at relics which have been accredited and certified
as historical and cultural relics by the State
Sub-conclusion
The researches on relics and management of historical-cultural relics in Bac Ninh in particularly have provided a relatively
Trang 9comprehensive look on issues that have been paid attention by the Dissertation However, there is no study accessing in terms of full, systematical and comprehensive management of historical cultural relics
in Bac Ninh and studying management situation of historical cultural relics in the process of industrialization and urbanization The dissertation applies the theoretical framework of cultural heritage management to research management activities of relic’s acknowledgement as monuments as the managerial object that should have the appropriate measures for conservation and preservation and promotion of their values for socio-economic development of the Province, to meet the enjoyment needs of the community
With the relic system is composed of three types of historical relics, architecture - arts and archeology - with different characteristics, the appropriate management methods for promoting effectively the value
of such monuments that contribute to the overall development of the locality should be necessarily applied
CHAPTER 2 CURRENT SITUATION OF THE MANAGEMENT OF
HISTORICAL AND CULTURAL RELICS IN BAC NINH PROVINCE
2.1 The organizational structure of the monument management
2.1.1 People's Committees at all levels
As a rule, the Province People’s Committee bears the highest responsibility for the state management of cultural heritage in local as assigned by the Government People's Committees of districts, towns, wards and communes bears responsibility for managing, building and implementing conservation and promotion of the value of monuments, relics, antiques and national treasures in their localities
2.1.2 Department of Culture, Sports and Tourism
Department of Culture, Sports and Tourism is a professionally specialized agency, advising and assisting the Province People’s
Trang 10Committee in performing “the state management in the Province of cultural heritage” The responsibilities of the Department of Culture in
the management of historical-cultural relics are clearly specified in The
Regulations on the management of monuments, relics, antiques and national treasures in Bac Ninh Province The Relic Management
Committee of Bac Ninh Province is the agency principally responsible for the management of relics
In communes, wards and towns where there are ranked relics, Heritage Management Unit is established for the purpose of directly managing, protecting and promoting the values of such relics
*In coordination mechanisms of management agencies at all levels: Heritage management is under administrative level, vertically
from the Province to the district/town, commune/ward and village/neighborhood
* On the management model
- Management model of self-governing community: Local
management unit consist of representatives of communes and villages, mainly in charge of supervisory role, and the heritage management is mainly for the community with participants of the Elderly Association, the Woman Association and the Youth Union of wards and villages
- Management model fully undertaken by the State: Historic relics
of revolution and famous persons shall be fully managed by the State All activities such as repair, restoration, display are planned and deployed by the State
- Model operated by private: applied for relics such as ancient folk
houses, family worship, temples and shrines
2.2 Managerial human resources of historical cultural relics
- The staff of the Province management unit: Staff specialized in
museology basically assume and well perform managerial works such as survey, fieldwork, research, collection, inventory, heritage documentation, consultancy and verification of projects of heritage restoration and renovation
Trang 11- The staff of the local management unit: management unit of
entire ranked relics by the State are established The qualification and capacity of these staff is inconsistent and uneven, should be trained for knowledge of protection and promotion of cultural heritage
- Staff at the district cultural office in charge of heritage
management has graduate and postgraduate education accounting for 100% However, their training field is not consistent with the requirements of the management of cultural heritage
2.3 Management activities of historical - cultural relics in Bac Ninh Province
2.3.1 Building the planning, the plan and heritage conservation project
2.3.1.1 Building the heritage conservation plan
Many relics of Bac Ninh Province have been included in the overall plan and some key monuments restored and renovated Viewpoint that renovations and restoration for some key relics is associated with tourism development The goal of the planning is to ensure maximum preservation of the original elements of the monument, and promotion of the heritage value for socio-economic and cultural development, satisfying the needs of cultural enjoyment of the people
2.3.1.2 Building relic conservation plan
The restoration and renovation for preservation of the historical and cultural relics has been now done with the annual short-term specific
plan plans and long/medium-term plans The plans such as Management,
preservation and promotion of revolutionary historic relics in Bac Ninh Province in the period of 2007-2010 in 2007 and Restoration plan for historic cultural relics in Bac Ninh Province in the period of 2010-2015,
in 2010 were approved
2.3.2 Issuing legal documents on historical and cultural relics
On the basis of characteristics and local situation, Bac Ninh Province has issued a number of documents concerning the management
of cultural heritage in general, historical and cultural monuments in
Trang 12particular In 2008, the Regulation on management and use of historical
– cultural relics in Bac Ninh was promulgated, and in 2014 the Regulation on management of monuments, relics, antiques and national treasures in Bac Ninh Province was issued
2.3.3 Propaganda, popularization and legal education of relics
The Province management unit guides the propagation on the legal documents on cultural heritage for cultural staff and its members at each locality Conference to announce the list of anti-degraded monuments by State with the capital originated from the national target programs, guidelines, documentation procedures of religious monuments The propagation of cultural heritage protection and preservation at each locality has been carried out mainly through the radio system or some other forms
and promotion of the values of historical-cultural relics
2.3.3.1 Heritage conservation
Listing and preparing heritage scientific document is conducted
annually, in districts, towns and communes, towns, villages, and each monument
Studying and preparing rank document for the monument: so far,
Bac Ninh has 498 ranked monuments, which 194 nationally ranked monuments, 304 provincially ranked monuments; Dau pagoda and Thap pagoda were recognized as a special national monument
Heritage restoration and renovation: Heritage restoration and
renovation projects ensure ensure the principle, science and compliance with prescribed procedures Many relics have been funded for renovations, anti-degradation typically such as Phu Luu building; Do temple and Dau pagoda
2.3.3.2 Antique management at relics: Bac Ninh Province
management unit counted and listed artifacts, antiques and relics at some locations Special valuable antiques have been researched and documented scientifically and submitted to the Government to be recognized as national treasures
Trang 13Currently, major relics, artifacts and antiques are assigned to elder association or pagoda chairman for management Artifacts and antiques have not yet listed and verified statistics their dating Protection measures are mainly such as maintaining, cleaning the artifacts and antiques In general, the management has not been yet paid attention Many antiques and artifacts were stolen in many relics
2.3.3.3 Promotion of heritage values
The promotion of heritage value is done in many different forms such as: visiting the relics; organizing activities and events to promote the value of the monument; exploiting value of relics for the development of tourism, of which potentialities such mental culture and tourism, heritage culture have been focused; associated relics with the teaching and learning activities of the schools, the study competition on local history and tradition Firstly, introducing and promoting relics in the mass media
2.3.5 Organizing and management of scientific research activities on the monument
Scientific research activities are carried out in some forms such as: seminars on cultural and historical sites; research, writing, publication of the value of the monument; survey, research, assessment of the value of the monument
2.3.6 Mobilization, management and use of resources for preservation, promotion of the value of historical and cultural monuments
The renovations, heritage restoration is done primarily by two sources:
In the first source - through the support of the state, for this funding, management must comply with the principles of finance Investment for heritage renovation must go through the process of verification and approval of status documents of the monument to the budget allocation decisions The budget must be properly used for effective purpose