Major Fibers & Their Properties

Molecular Structure: It composed of linear macromolecules having in the chain at least 85% by mass of acrylonitrile repeating units... Effect of mineral acids: Resistance except for sul

Southeast University Department Of Textile Engineering

I/A 251,252 Tejgaon Dhaka Banglade sh

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Prepared By : Mazadul Hasan sheshir ID: 2010000400008

13 th Batch Wet Processing Technology

Southeast University

Molecular Structure:

It composed of linear macromolecules having in the chain

at least 85% by mass of acrylonitrile repeating units

Physical Properties:

Luster: High

Tenacity

Dry: 3.0-5.0 g/d Wet: 3.3-6.0 g/d

Resistance to acids: Damage, weaken fibers

Resistance to alkali: No harmful effects

Resistance to organic solvents: High resistance

Resistance to sunlight: Prolonged exposure weakens fibers

         Silk

Molecular Structure

It Fibrous keratin molecules supercoil to form a very stable, left-handed superhelical motif to multimerise, forming filaments consisting of multiple copies of the keratin monomer

Physical Properties:

Chemical Properties:

Uses:

Tenacity: Strong (linear, beta-configuration polymers)

Reflect light: At many angles

Moisture regain: 11%

Elasticity: Moderate to poor:

Linear density: 1 denier

Effect of acids: Degraded more readily than wool

Effect of alkalis : To swell silk filament

Effect of mineral acids: Resistance except for sulfuric acid

Effect of sunlight: The environment is not as good

Ties

Formal dresses

High fashion clothes

Dress suits

Absorbency: About 20 percent

Color/Luster: Dull grey

It is lightweight and versatile.

Wool does not wrinkle easily.

It is resistant to dirt and wear and tear.

Breaking elongation: 15

Elastic recovery: 85% after 4% extensi on

Thermal stability: Good

Resistance to mineral acids: Good

 Resistance to weak alkalies: Fairly good

Moths, Mildew and insects do not attack.

Knit Jersey

Sweater

Blankets

Wrinkle resistant fabrics.

Pile and Fleece fabrics

Carpets

Molecular Structure

Fiber composed of linear macromolecules made up of aromatic groups joined by amide or imide linkages, at least 85% of the amide imide linkages.

Young's modulus: 58000 - 82000 Mpa

Tensile strength : 2800 - 3400 Mpa

Elongation: 3.3 - 3.7%

Compressive strength: 174 - 410 Mpa

Creep strength: 2520 - 3060 Mpa

Fatigue: 1750 - 2000 Mpa

Yield strength: 2800 - 3400 MPa

Flame-resistant clothing

Heat protective clothing and helmets

Hot air filtration fabrics

Tires, newly as Sulfron (sulfur modified Twaron)

Rubber goods reinforcement

Dept. of Textile EngineeringSoutheast University

Properties:

Uses:

Long lasting antibacterial effectiveness

 Not wash out.

An easy care product.

comfort & coolness

Heat regulation & moisture transfer good

Molecular Structure

Fiber composed of natural or synthetic polyisoprene, or

of one or more dienes polymerized with or without one

or more vinyl monomers

Natural polyisoprene

Properties:

Uses:

Stretched: More than 500% without breaking

Stronger & more durable than rubber

Lightweight, soft, smooth

It comfort and fit, prevents bagging and sagging

Maximum Continuous Operating Temperature: 200°C

Melting Temperature: Does not melt or drip

Resistance to Mildew, Aging, and Sunlight: Excellent

Resistance to Solvents, Alkalis: Excellent

Mattresses, Home Furnishings / Nonwovens

Specialty flame resistant papers

If X = H & Y = Cl: Poly (acrylonitrile or chloride)

Physical Properties:

Uses:

Chemistry: 35% acrylonitrile / 65% vinylidene chloride

Size: 3 denier x 51mm cut length.

Crimp Level: 3.8 crimps/cm

Dept. of Textile EngineeringSoutheast University

Polyamide (Nylon)

Molecular Structure

Fiber composed of linear macromolecules having in the chain recurring amide linkages, at least 85% of which are joined to aliphatic cyucloaliphatic units

Polyhexamethylene adipamide (Nylon 6,6)

Polycaproamide (Nylon 

Abrasion Resistance: Excellent.

Effects of Acids, Alkalis, and Solvents: Resistant to weak acids,

but decomposes in strong mineral acids

Dye Methods: Acid; some solution dyed

Resistance to Mildew, Aging, Sunlight : Excellent resistance to mildew and aging Prolonged sunlight can cause degradation

Color Retention: Very good.

Stain Resistance: Poor (5th generation very good).

Stains/Soils Attracted to Fiber: Acid dyes, except for 5th generation

Melt Point : Type6-435º F; Type6, 6-490º

      Poly(ethylene terephthalater 

Uses:

Denier: 0.5 – 15

Tenacity : dry 3.5 - 7.0 : wet 3.5 - 7.0

Elongation at break : dry 15 - 45 : wet 15 45%

Moisture Regain: 0.4

Specific Gravity: 1.36 - 1.41%

Elastic Recovery : @2% =98 : @5% = 65

Melting point : 260 - 270 degree C

Effect of Sunlight : turns yellow, retains 70 - 80 % tenacity at long exposure

Resistance to Weathering: good

Rot Resistance: high

Alkali Resistance: damaged by CON alkali

Acid Resistance: excellent

Specific weight at 20ºC: approx 0.92

Shore hardness at 20ºC: approx 90

Tear strength at 20ºC: approx 10 N/mm2

Elongation at break at 20ºC: approx 500%

Water absorption: traces

   Polypropylene

Molecular Structure

Fiber composed of linear macromolecules made up of saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon units in which one carbon atom in two carries a methyl side group, generally an isotactic configuration & without further substitution.

Polypropylene 

Uses:

Moisture Regain: < 0.1%

Refractive Index: 1.49

Thermal Conductivity: 0.95Btu-in/ft hr.°F

Coefficient of linear thermal expansion: 4.0x10 /°F

Heat of fusion: 21 cal/g

Specific heat: 0.46 cal/g c

Density of Melt at 180°c: 0.769 g/cc

Heat of Combustion: 19,400 Btu/lb

Decomposition temperature range: 328-410°C

Dielectric constant (0.1 MHz): 2.25

Dissipation factor (0.1 MHz): < 0.000 2

Specific volume resistively: > 10Ω Cm

 Top sheet (coverstock)

 Acquisition and/or transport or distribution layer

          Vinylal

Molecular Structure

Linear macromolecules if poly (vinyl alcohol) with different levels of accetalization

      Acetalized poly (vinyl alcohol)

When n>0

Elastomultiester

Molecular Structure

Fiber formed by interaction of two or more chemically distinct linear macromolecules in two or more distinct phases (of which none exceeds 85% by mass) & half times its original length &released recovers rapidly &

substantially to its initial length.

Example of physical arrangement:

Part A and B consist of different macromolecules with ester groups  

            Elastolefin

Molecular Structure

Fiber composed of at least 95% (by mass) of macromolecules partially cross-linked, made up from ethylene & at least one other olefin & which, when stretched

to one & a half its original length & released, recovers rapidly & substantially to its original length

Elastolefin

            Flurofiber

Molecular Structure

Fiber composed of linear macromolecules made from aliphatic fluorocarbon monomers.

Polytetrafluorethylene

               Polyimide

Molecular Structure

Fiber of synthetic linear macromolecules having in the chain recurring imide units

Polyimide 

               Polylactide

Molecular Structure

Fiber formed of linear macromolecules having in the chain at least 85% (by mass) of lactic acid ester unites derived from naturally occurring sugars & which has a melting temperature of at least 135 0 C

        Elastane

Molecular Structure

Fiber composed of at least 85% by mass of a segmented polyurethane & which, if stretched to three times its unscratched length, rapidly reverts

substantially to the unscratched length when the tension is removed

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