Effect of physical properties of cotton on enzyme concentration

MATERIAL SPECIFICATIONS2 types of fabrics Plain cotton woven fabric - desizing, Scouring, Bio-polishing 3/1 twill weave Denim fabric - Denim washing Plain cotton woven... Amylase enzyme

 Enzymes - Greek word “Enzymos”

Meaning - in the cell / from the cell’.

 Enzymes – Proteins composed of amino acids, produced by all living organisms

 Responsible for number of reactions & biological activities.

 Enzymes - Work efficiently and rapidly & biodegradable.

 Enzymes types - Malt, Bacterial, Pancreatic etc,

 Major functions - Hydrolysis, Oxidation, Reduction Coagulation & Decomposition. 2

CHARACTERISTICS OF ENZYMES

Used during the process & can be recovered at the end

Requires low activation energy - reaction

conditions are close to the ambient.

Sharp control over process conditions - very

sensitive to pH & temp variations.

Eco-friendly & accomplish their work quickly

and efficiently without leaving any pollutants

ENZYMATIC MECHANISM

First suggested by Emil Fischer in 1890s.

Enzymes - particular shape - substrate fit exactly like “Lock and Key” model.

The active centers in the enzymes (Fissures, Holes, Pockets, Cavities or Hollows) form complex with the substrate.

The bio-reaction in this complex & its destruction - release of original enzyme and

Enzymatic mechanism

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MATERIAL SPECIFICATIONS

2 types of fabrics

Plain cotton woven fabric - desizing, Scouring,

Bio-polishing 3/1 twill weave Denim fabric - Denim washing

Plain cotton woven

Amylase enzyme from Malt extract were first used to degrade starch-based sizes for cheap and effective desizing.

Two categories of amylase

α-amylase

β-amylase

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ENZYMATIC DESIZING (Contd…)

α-amylase attacks the starch randomly & form Dextrins Very rapid in action & produce simple water soluble sugars.

The β-amylase converts starch into maltose

& it is slower in the rate of action.

The rate of desizing depends on the ratio of these two amylases.

Higher α-amylase content - faster reaction

MECHANISM OF DESIZING BY α- AMYLASE

ENZYME

PROCESS SEQUENCES

Recipe

α Amylase enzyme – 3%, 6% & 9% o.w.f

wetting agent – 0.5% o.w.f

chemicals, high temp & high effluent load

EFFECT OF PECTINASE ON SCOURING

EFFICIENCY

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5

EFFECT OF COTTANASE T ON SCOURING

EFFICIENCY

0 0.5

1 1.5

2 2.5

3 3.5

4 4.5

ADVANTAGES OF BIO-SCOURING

excellent absorbency in goods.

strength loss

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DENIM WASHING

Denim fabric - woven fabric of 3/1 twill weave coarse counts of yarn

Conventional method - faded effect

achieved by acid / stone wash

Stone wash – garment/fabric rubbed

against pumice stones

Disadv: loss of strength & thickness of the fabric.

MECHANISM OF DENIM WASHING

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PROCESS SEQUENCES

 Recipe:

 Sequence

Load the fabric in drum dyeing machine

Add the water & wetting agent Raise the temperature 60 0 C Run the fabric for 20 min

Drain Add the water and Laccase enzyme

Run the fabric for 60 min

Drain Cold wash

Laccase 1, 1.5 & 2% 6.0 40

DENIM WASHING (Contd…)

Enzyme used - Cellulase enzymes

 Eliminates disposal of the used stones

 Improves the quality of the waste water

 No environmental pollution

 Reduces processing time

 Saves chemical & energy costs

STONE

+ ENZYME WASH

1% 1.5% 2%

Weight loss

% 2% 2.5% 3% 10% 12%

EFFECT OF LACCASE ON BIO WASHING

EFFICIENCY

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14

enz ym

e c on

c 1 % enz ym

BIO POLISHING

To remove every kind of impurity + ends

protruding from the fabric surface

Enzymatic hydrolysis weakens the fiber ends

To achieve a good result, mechanical

treatment is necessary

Cellulase enzyme – widely used

Cause controlled super ficial attack on the

fiber leading to decolourisation without bringing about excessive loss in fabric strength.

PROCESS SEQUENCES

 Recipe:

 Sequence

Load the fabric in drum dyeing machine

Add the water & wetting agent Raise the temperature 60 0 C Run the fabric for 20 min

Drain Add the water and Laccase enzyme

Run the fabric for 60 min

Drain Cold wash

Cellulase 1, 1.5 & 2% 6.5 45

EFFECT OF BIO POLISHING

Before enzyme treatment After enzyme treatment

EFFECT OF CELLULASE ON BIO POLISHING

EFFICIENCY

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5

BIO POLISHING (Contd…)

ADVANTAGES

 Reduces the pilling tendency

 Cleans the fabric surface & reduces fluff

 Improves handle properties like softness &

flexibility

 Improves fabric drape

 Improves the hydrophilic properties

 Improves dyestuff affinity, yield, levelness & brilliance

Thus the “ENZYMES” replaces traditional method with more advantages such as

Replacing harmful chemicals

Require less effluent treatments

Low cost and less energy consumption

No damages to materials

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