Now research and development make fibers were used in high tech applications namely, Medical Textiles, Industrial Textiles, In Defense Textiles, Advance Composites, Power Saving And Etc
Trang 1Aravin Prince Periyasamy
Dept of Textiles, DKTE TEI, Ichalkaranji, MH, India
aravinprince@gmail.com
1
Abstract…
As a famous Scandinavian economist said, “ It is very dangerous to make predictions, particularly about the future!”
It is in this sprit that the predictions are made
New science can produce products beyond our present perceptions Such innovations are discussed in this
paper, citing those are Bio-Degradable and High Performance Fiber & High Functional Fiber
Now research and development make fibers were used
in high tech applications namely, Medical Textiles, Industrial Textiles, In Defense Textiles, Advance Composites, Power Saving And Etc
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Introduction
From the year 1985 onwards textile research was
switched over in the direction of developing new fibers
especially Hi-Performance fiber and bio degradable
to meet the challenges
With the invent of Hi- Performance fiber and bio
degradable fibers the spectrum of application of fibers
and textile materials were substantially widened
High-Technology namely new fibers and can be split into
two categories viz
- High Performance Fiber & High Functional Fiber
- Bio- Degradable Fibers
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High Performance Fiber &
High Functional Fiber
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Trang 2Ceramic Fibers
Ceramic fibers are mostly used as refractory fibers
in uses over 1000°C
ceramic fibers are mostly used for thermal
insulation at high temperatures and to make
special composites
They are very expensive fibers because only a
small quantity is produced, and they are used in
particular fields such as aerospace Materials used
are boron, silica, carbide, alumina, and zirconia
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Melamine
A manufactured fiber in which the fiber-forming substance is a synthetic weight of a cross-linked melamine polymer
Fiber is primarily known for its inherent heat blocking capability in direct flame applications
It is used to designed for direct flame contact and elevated temperature exposures
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Super Absorbent Fiber
In last few years, super absorbents in fiber from have become a
commercial reality
Most recently the potential to benefit from their outstanding
properties in a wide range of medical products have been
recognized The product is marketed as „OASIS‟
This is due to the small diameter of the fibers, which is about 30
microns, which gives a very high surface area for contact with
the liquid
The above features that may be required for use in medical
product can be build up into nonwoven containing super
absorbent fibers
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Bicomponent Fiber
Bi-component fiber structure
Recently designed a bicomponent spin pack Bi-Component Fiber that resulted in spinning a very unusual fiber
This fiber is a type of island-in-the-sea
This type of fiber should be ideal for filtration applications both in woven and nonwoven construction
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Trang 3Nano Fibers
Electro spinning: nano
fiber production technique
When referring to fibers,
“Nano” refers to the diameter of the fiber
Electro spinning is common way to produce nano fibers
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Spectra Fiber 1000: - High-strength, Lightweight Polyethylene Fiber
Tensile strength of spectra
fiber
Spectra® fiber is, pound-for-pound, 10 times
40 percent greater than aramid fiber
It is used in Police and military ballistic vests and helmets, armor for vehicles and aircraft, Marine lines
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Louts Like Fabrics Super Micro Fibers
Lotus leaves are water repellent and hence,
water rolls off like mercury
This is because the contact angle of water is
large and the leaves are covered by wax like
substance
These water repellent fibers are used in the
production of outdoor sports wear general
clothing industrial fabrics tents etc
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Butterfly Like Fabrics
Change in color according to the natural environment is exhibited by many kinds of insects
In case of morpho structure fibers which copy insect, highly twisted fibers of flat cross section with 80-120 TPI obtained by thermal processing
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Trang 4Super Polyethylene Fiber
DSM (Netherlands) developed very high tenacity high
modulus polyethylene fiber even higher than Kevlar
with the help of gel spinning technique
The method involves both spinning and drawing in
which is a dilute solutions of high molecular weight
is extruded into water to form a gel like soft fiber
Which is then heated and drawn out about 30 times
in original length
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Micro Fiber
Micro denotes man – made fibers which are finer than any conventional fiber First used in functional sportswear
Micro fibers are usually made of polyester, polyamide or acrylic – with liters in the range of 0.5
to 1.2 dtex (1dtex, meaning that one gram of fiber is 10,000 meters long)
Microfibers clothing is not sensitive retaining its positive qualities after washing our cleaning
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Power Fibers
Heat – regenerating fibers are produced form ceramic
composites by applying heat insulation processing
technology which utilizes the far intra – red radiations
effect of ceramics when heated, ceramics radiation far
infra – red radiation which penetrates into the material
and heats it homogeneously by activating molecular
motion zirconium, magnesium oxide or iron oxide can
be blended into synthetic fibers because these
materials radiate Ca 60 MW far infracted of
wavelengths 8-14 m at a body
The insulating efficiency plays vital role to suppress
the consumption of oxygen stored in muscles
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Perfumed Fibers
The perfumed fiber Esprit De Fleurs produced by kanebo was First exhibited in 1987
It is made up of fibers to which resin – made microcapsules of 5-10m in diameter containing perfume essence are bound when the microcapsules are pressed and broken, the perfume
is released
The Esprit de fibers can be used in scarves, T- shirts, handkerchiefs, hand knitting wools, stocking
Trang 5Mirror Fibers
It is high performance mirror in the shape of
hair like flexible fiber
Its applications may include fabrics with
embedded „bar codes‟ that identify the wearer
potentially useful into battle suits
These fibers could also be used as filters for
Telecommunications applications
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Bio- Degradable Fibers
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Alginate Fibers
Alginate in one form or another is used in the
food industry, pharmaceuticals and textiles
Alginate name come from „algin‟
The unique properties of alginate and its
derivatives have found applications where
thickening, suspending, emulsifying, and
stabilizing and gel formation is required
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Collagen Fibers
Collagen is a protein fiber obtained from bovine skin It consists of there polypeptide chains
arranged in triple chain helix
These triple- chain helixes Assembles in to micro fibrils and then fibrils
Collagen has an excellent biocompatibility which makes it a popular choice as a major component of
artificial issue and would dressing
Collagen products such as sutures can readily be accepted by body because of their low immunogenicity
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Trang 6Bacterial Cellulose
• Bacteria produce cellulose called bio- cellulose or
bacterial cellulose Plant cellulose and bacterial
cellulose have the same chemical structure, but
different chemical and physical properties
This bacterial strain produces a gel like material
containing fine cellulose fiber, which is too thin
It is used as an artificial blood vessel for
microsurgery Also used to make artificial leather ,
skin substitute and wound healing bandages
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Poly Lactic Acid (PLA)
PLA minimizes environmental waste, as it may be
fully biodegraded by microorganisms under appropriate conditions into carbon dioxide and water
Biodegradable synthetic fibers and natural biological fiber may be used to make textiles for medical application
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Bacterial Polyester
More than 100 bacterial species are known to be polyester producing,
which includes alcaligences species Bacterial polyesters
poly(hydroxyalkanoates) (PHAs), with poly(hydroxybutyrate) (PHB)
Advantages include production from fully renewable resources,
rather fast and complete biodegradability, biocompatibility, and
excellent strength and stiffness, which favor this material as a
polymer of the future, bacillus species, photosynthetic bacteria and
blue green algae
Poly (hydroxybutyrate) fibers were considered to be mainly used for
production of scaffolds, surgical sutures, repair the bone fracture and
etc
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Synthetic Silk
Now silkworms can be produce finer and longer silk than nylon using biotechnology
The national institute of sericulture and entomological science Japan has succeeded
in breeding a new type of silkworms that can produce a fine homogeneous silk filament of about 1500 meters in length
It is used for medical applications, such as sutures & etc
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Trang 7Chitosan Fibers
Chitosan is a natural biopolymer that is
derived from chitin
Properties are useful for wound treatment and
it also used as excellent material for healing
wounds
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Spider Silk
As the fluid oozes out, the protein molecules are aligned in such a way spider silk may form
The spider hauls out the silk with its legs, stretching, fluffing it up or changing it in other ways to suit the purpose at hand
Spider silk is up to 5 times stronger than steel of the same diameter
Spider silk is so elastic that it doesn't break even if stretched 2-4 times its length Spider silk is also waterproof, and doesn't break at temperatures as low
Spider Silk
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The high-tech fibers can be specific properties to make them useful as industrial materials
Application of these fibers in high technology area, including the aero/space industry, the transportation industry , the marine industry ,the civil engineering and construction industry and the sports industry ,medical textiles
Now days, almost in all the fields‟ fibers are used
Fibers can replace even metals, so enormous developments are done in fiber field
The bio- fibers are environmental friendly fibers so it has been more demand in future.!
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“ Dreams Make Thoughts
Thoughts Make Things
Things Make Wonder ”
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References
1 High performance fibers, J.W.S.Hearle, Woodhead publishing company
2 High performance fibers and its applications- Aravin prince- Textile Magazine
Nov 08
3 New Millennium fibers, Tatsuya Hongu et al, 1st edition, Woodhead
publishing company,Cambridge,2005
4 Advanced Fiber Spinning Technology, Prof.T.Nakajimn, Woodhead publishing
company,Cambridge,1994
5 Carbon fibers, Jean – Baptiste Donnet et al 3rd edition, Marcel Dekker Inc.,
Newyork,1998
6 High performance synthetic fibers for composites, National Research
Council,National academy press, Washington, 1992
7 Developments in fiber science –V.K Kothari IAFL publications
8 New fibers – Philips and Hongu- woodhead publishing ltd
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10.High technology fibers for technical textiles- S.K Mukhopadhyay
11.New fibers, Tatsuya Hongu, Glyn.O.Philips.” (1997)
12.Synthetic metals,( R.V.Gregory , W.C.Kimbrell, H.H.Kuhn,1989)
13.Handbook of technical textiles, Horrocks, Ananad,”- woodhead publishing ltd
14.Nano fibers by S.S Ramkumar et al Indian journal of Fiber & Textile research,