jute yarn manufacturing process

Flow chart of jute yarn manufacturing processJUTE SPINNING TECHNOLOGY... Jute Spinning TechnologyJute is long soft, shiny vegetable fiber that can be spun into yarn.. Raw jute in the for

Flow chart of jute yarn manufacturing process

JUTE SPINNING TECHNOLOGY

Name : MAZADUL HASAN SHESHIR

ID: 2010000400008

Batch: 13th Batch (Session 2009-2013)

Department: Wet Processing Technology

Jute Spinning Technology

Jute is long soft, shiny vegetable fiber that can be spun into yarn Jute is one of the cheapest natural fibers Raw jute in the form of bales are processed in jute mills to produce Hessian, sacking, jute yarn, bags, and other useful products Raw jute bales from jute fields or suppliers, carried by trucks are unloaded are stacked in the jute mills godown.

Characteristics of Jute Fibre:

Jute is a long, soft, shiny fibre that can be spun into coarse, strong threads It is one of the

cheapest natural fibres, and is second only to cotton in amount produced and variety of uses :

Jute fibres are composed primarily of the plant materials cellulose, lignin, and pectin Both

the fibre and the plant from which it comes are commonly called jute.

Jute Spinning Technology

Jute is a long, soft, shiny vegetable fiber that can be spun into coarse, strong threads It is produced from plants in the genus Corchorus, family Tiliaceae Jute is one of the cheapest natural fibres

Raw jute in the form of bales are

processed in jute mills to produce hessian,

sacking, jute yarn, bags, and other useful

products Raw jute bales from jute fields

or suppliers, carried by trucks are

unloaded are stacked in the jute mills

gowdown

Jute fibres are composed primarily of the plant materials cellulose (major component of plant fibre) and lignin (major components wood fibre) It is thus a ligno-cellulosic fibre that is partially a textile fibre and partially wood It falls into the bast fibre category (fibre collected from bast or skin of the plant) along with kenaf, industrial hemp, flax (linen), ramie, etc The industrial term for jute fibre is raw jute The fibres are off-white to brown, and 1–4 meters (3–12 feet) long

Jute

Flow chart of jute yarn manufacturing process:

Flow chart of jute yarn manufacturing process:

Flow Process chart of Jute Spinning

Flow Process chart of Jute Spinning

Jute yarns:

Bangla White Jute –

White /Creamy White/Light Cream/Straw / Light Grey/Light

Reddish Or Any color

Generally raw jute is divided into two main categories:

Bangla Tossa Jute - Golden/Red/Grey/Coppery Grey/Mixed in Color

Raw Jute Fiber Grading:

Physical properties:

1. Specific gravity- 1.48

2. Moisture – St M.R 13.75 & absorb 35 – 40% water of its dry weight

3. Strength- Tenacity-dry 3.5-5 g/d wet lower than dry

4. Elasticity-Breaking extension – 1.8% Recovery (%) very low For high tenacity, less extension, high stiffness Jute fibres is brittle & can holds less twist So Emulsion is

5. added to make it soft

6. Specific heat is 0.325

7. Resiliency-bad, Abrasion resistance moderate, Dimensional stability-good

Chemical properties:

1. Effect of bleaches: Not affect by oxidizing or reducing bleaches

2. Acids & Alkalis: Easily damaged by hot dilute or cold concentrated acids Resistant

3. to alkalis

4. Organic solvents: Resistant to organic solvents

5. Sun light & heat: Poor resistant scorches at high temperature

6. Resistant to stains: Poor resistant to water borne stains

7. Biological properties: Scoured jute has good to excellent resistant to microorganisms

8. & insects

9. Heat: Burns rapidly, Soldering red after glow

10. Conductivity: Moderate conductor of electricity & heat

Cellulose 65.2 %

Hemicelluloses 22.2 %

Lignin 10.8 %

Water soluble 1.5 %

Fats & wax 0.3 %

Chemical Composition of Jute

The weight in lb of 1 spindle or 14,400 of jute yarn is the count of that yarn

Batch:

A blend of different types of jute is made up to suit the particular class of yarns being spun, this blend is known as batch

i.e In batch the no of bales of jute is selected for making a particular type of yarn

For example, to produce 8 lbs/ spindle Hessian warp yarn, the batch is

Count:

All the process preparatory to carding includes in the batching It is the primary stage of jute processing

Object of batching:

1. To help the fiber movement freely during processing

2. To get expected dampness and flexibility

3. To reduce harshness or stiffness

4. To control and reduce the yarn cost

5. To reduce waste

6. To intermix the batch component effectively

7. To produce improve graded yarn

Batching:

1. Cost of raw materials.

2. Physical properties and quality of jute

3. Availability of jute.

4. Quality of yarn being spun.

5. The processing machineries.

6. Suitability of spinning and weaving.

7. Customers demand.

8. Cost of production.

Factors considered for batch selection

A mixture of some lubricating agents which is applied on jute fiber to make the fiber soft and flexible

An emulsion is an intimate mixture of two immiscible liquid where one is dispersed in small globules on the other and addition of a third substance brings stability Emulsion is made by splitting up oil into minute drops which are prevented from reuniting in water

1. It should be stable for certain time.

2. It should have no bed effect on jute fiber

3. It should be colorless

4. It should have high softening capacity

5. The droplet of emulsion should be so small that it can easily penetrate on the fiber

6. It must be odor less

7. It must be cheap and available

Characteristics of good quality emulsion:

Requirements of good batching oil:

1. It must have no harmful effect on jute fiber

2. Its color must be acceptable so that it does not stain on the fiber

3. There must be no danger of spontaneous combustion

4. It should not be rancid or sticky on storage

5. It must be cheap and plentiful in supply

6. It should have low viscosity

7. It should have high lubricating value

Requirements of good batching oil:

Function of oil:

1. It lubricates the fiber.

2. It helps free movement of fiber during processing.

3. It cleans pins and rollers of the machine.

4. It makes fiber soft and gives good spinning property.

Function of water:

5. It increases extensibility of fiber which resists fiber breakage during processing.

6. It gives sufficient dampness and flexibility.

Function of emulsifier:

7. It removes temporary hardness of water.

8. It reduces surface tension.

9. It stabilizes the emulsion.

Function of urea:

10. It helps easy penetration of emulsion into the fiber.

11. It helps the fiber to be softening quickly.

12. It reduces maturity time to half generally fiber is stored 48 hrs incase of normal emulsion When emulsion contain urea, it keeps maturity time 24 hrs.

Function of emulsion ingredients:

1. Creaming: when an emulsion is prepared, it is impossible to make all the drops exactly same size, some will be much smaller than others

and there will be a few quite large drops In general, the smaller the drops and the less scatter there is in their diameters the better is the emulsion If there are a number of comparatively large drops of oil they will slowly rise to the top of the emulsion because of their lower specific gravity until a layer of them forms at the surface of the emulsion This is known as “creaming” This can be overcome by arranging a slow-running paddle to keep the contents of all emulsion stage tank in gentle motion as creaming will only occur in a standing emulsion

2. Breaking: breaking can be regarded as the opposite of emulsification where the droplets of the internal oil phase unite to form large drops

which then float to the surface of the emulsion It is a sign of complete instability in the emulsion and once begun cannot be arrested No amount of re-agitation will split these drops once they have formed and a broken emulsion is useless

Defects in emulsions:

Types of emulsion making machine:

1. Paddle mixer and agitators – (OD batch mixture m/c)

2. Homogenizers

3. Colloid mills

4. Ultrasonic emulsion plant

Types of emulsion making machine:

OD Automatic Batch Mixer:

Specification:

1. Capacity of mixing cylinder: 1000L

2. Motor for paddle(1 HP)

3. Volume of machine: Length 5’’-3’’, width 2”-2 ¾,Height 5”-10”

4. Power of production:1-6 tones/hr

‘OD’ batch mixer is a simple automatic m/c for producing batching emulsion for jute The percentage of emulsifier, oil and water are measured accurately and automatically by volume

The percentage of oil and emulsifier can be adjusted easily by setting the pointers on oil and emulsifier scale When adjusted, the machine automatically adds the required percentage of water to complete 1000L Once the required percentages are set, the machine will automatically continue to measure and mix these percentages each time

OD Automatic Batch Mixer:

After all the ingredients are added, the agitator or paddle starts to rotate at a high r.p.m then emulsion is formed which is then stored to the storage tank under the mixing tank.

OD Automatic Batch Mixer:

Working principle:

1. In this machine, material is feed manually on feed sheet

2. Then the material goes throw a series of spirally flutted rollers Spirally flutted rollers have right hand and left hand spiral flutes alternatively

3. After passing 1/3 area between the feed rollers and delivery roller emulsion is applied over material, which soften jute and a tray below the machine collects excess emulsion

4. Then through the delivery roller, the material is delivered from delivery sheet

Working principle:

Pilling or conditioning:

The process by which after applied emulsion, jute fiber is stored at a specific condition for certain time is called pilling

Objects:

1. To soften and split up of jute fiber

2. To loosen the fiber

3. To convert the rooty material into spinnable fiber

Pilling or conditioning:

Required time of pilling:

Carding is a combining operation where jute reeds are spitted and extraneous matters are removed Jute fibers are formed into ribbon called

"sliver"

Breaker Carding :

In different jute mills the carding operations has been carried out in two ways:

a Hand feed breaker carding

b Rool feed breaker carding

The material after piling more than 24 hours is used in hand feed breaker where the material after piling for 12 hours used in the rool feed carding

Second Drawing:

In second drawing, the Second Drawing Frame machine obtain the sliver from the First drawing machine The Second Drawing machine makes more uniform sliver and reduce the jute into a suitable size for third drawing

Jute Spinning

Drawing Process (%) Productivity Mt/mc/shift

Winding is a process which provides yarn as spools and cops for the requirement of beaming and weaving operations There are two types

of winding :

(i) Spool Winding

(ii) and Cope Winding

Spoll Winding:

In Spool Winding yarn is produces for warp Spool winding machine consists of a number of spindles .The Spool are used in making sheets of yarn to form warp portion used during interlacement of weaving

Cop Winding:

Cop Winding machine obtain yarns from the spinning machines The spinning bobbins are placed on a suitable pin on top of the cop

machine and yarn tension is maintained by means of a small leaver

Winding

Jute Spinning

Jute Spinning

Jute Spinning

Jute Spinning