60 bài văn chọn lọc

cua Hoang Phu Ngoc Tiidng, Chie'c thuyen ngodi xa cua Nguygn Minh Chau, Hon sach cung cap them mot so' bai ve nghi luan xa hoi de cap den nhiing van de ma con ngUdi quan tarn trong cuoc

TS NGUYliN XUAN LAC

60 BAI VAN CHON LOG

(Danh cho hoc sinh Icfp 11 & 12

luyen thi THPT, Dai hoc & Cao dang)

• Biin soan theo chumg trinh va SGKmdi

• Gon, TO, thiS't thirc, di sir dung

• Diing cho hoc viBn BTVH va nhOng ngadi tahgc

N H A X U A T BAN D A I H O C SlT P H A M

Ma so: 02.02.139/141PT200

9

60 BA

I V AN C HO

N L OG

GU YE

N XU AN L AC ( Ch

u bien )

L d l NOI DAU

Cac em hoc sinh pho thong va hoc vien BTVH than men!

De giup ich thiet thiic cho viec on luyen thi tot nghiep THPT, thi vao Dai hoc &

Cao dang, chung toi bien soan cuoh sach 60 bdi van chon loc dung cho doi tiidng hoc sinh phd thong 16p 11, 12; hoc vien BTVH va nhiing ngifdi t i i hoc - b i t Ain i\i

nam hoc 2008 - 2009

Sach dUdc bien soan theo diing chifdng trinh va SGK m6i cua Bo Giao due & Dao tao, chu y nhiing tac pham m6i dUdc diia vao ma nhiing cuoh sach tnicic day

chiia CO, nhii Ban ghi-ta cua Lor-ca dm Thanh Thao, Ai da dot ten cho dong song?

cua Hoang Phu Ngoc Tiidng, Chie'c thuyen ngodi xa cua Nguygn Minh Chau, Hon

sach cung cap them mot so' bai ve nghi luan xa hoi de cap den nhiing van de ma con ngUdi quan tarn trong cuoc song hien dai

Cau true cua sach gom hai phan:

nghi luan

each song, truyen thong dan tQC, dSit nii6e, con ngUdi trong the k i XXI, Day la phdn

mdi ma cac cuoh sach tnicic khong eo

van hoc, y kien ban ve van hoc,

Moi de bai gom ba phan: de, hii6ng d^n lam bai va bai van tham khao Cac de bai deu difdc chon loc de viia tieu bieu lai m6i me, khong lap lai cac de da mon cu

tnfcle day, trong do eo nhieu de mci de hoc sinh quen din v6i each ra de mdi

Hi vong cuoh sach eo the giiip ich thiet thUe cho cac ban trong viec on luyen thi tot nghiep THPT, Dai hoe va Cao dang Chung toi mong nhan dUdc nhiing y kien cua cac thay, c6 giao va cac ban ve cuoh sach de bo sung va hoan chinh khi c6 dip tai ban

TS NGUYEN XUAN LAC

60 B A I V A N G H O N L O C <- 3

P H A N I

VA CACH LAM MQT BAI VAN NGHI LUAN

A NHGfNG K I § ' N T H L T C C O B A N V E V A N NGHj L U A N

I THE NAO LA VAN NGHI LUAN?

Van nghi luftn la vkn dUdc viet ra nhkm xac cho ngildi doc, ngiidi nghe mot

tu tii&ig, quan di^m nho do Muoh the, vkn nghi lufin phai c6 luftn diem ro r^ng, c6

li Ig, din chiing thuyet phuc - va quan trong nh4't, van nghi luSn phai hudng t6i

giai quygt nhiing vSin d§' dat ra trong dcJi song thi mdi c6 y nghia Cuoc song hien dai ngiiy nay rift cin den vkn nghi hika

n NHtJ^G YEU TO TAO THANH BAI V A N NGHI LUAN

Bai van nghi hika gom c6 hikn diem, luftn cA wk lap hikn

• Luan diem la y kien the hi$n tu tUcing, quan di^m cua bai van: do la Hnh hon cua bai viet, n6 thong nhSit cac doan van thanh mot khoi Luan dilm phai diing dan,

chan that, dap ting nhu c^u thiic tM thi m6i c6 siic thuyet phuc No dvfdc the hien

difdi hinh thiic mot cau khang dinh (hay phu dinh) va dUdc diin dat sang to, de hieu, nha't quan Khong c6 lu^n diem thi khong thanh bai van nghi luan

- Lu&n cvf la U le, din chiing dufa ra lam cd sd cho luan diem Luftn cii phai xac

thUc, dung dan, tieu bieu thi m6i khien cho luan dilm c6 siic thuyet phuc

- Lap luan la each neu luan cii de d&n den luan diem Lap luan phai chat che, help H thi bai van mod c6 svLc thuyet phuc C6 the xem lap luan nhU la ngh§ thuat

cua bai nghi luan

m. BO cue CCJA M O T B A I V A N N G H I L U A N

Grom ba phin:

- Mcl bai: Neu va'n d l cin nghi lu^in (luan de cua bM viet)

- Than bM: TiiCng luan diem dUdc trinh bay, phan tich, ban lu^n theo phiidng phap lap luan thich hdp:

+ Luan diem 1 Guan cii 1,2,3 )

+ Luan diem 2 Guan cfl 1, 2, 3 )

6 0 B A I V A N C H Q N L Q C <- 5

+ L ua

n die

m 3 , v.v

- Ke

t bai : Ne

i\i tu6ng

, t ha

i do , qua

IV CA

C TH AO T AG L AP L UA

N

Day J

a n hii ng thao ta

c la

p lua

n kho , chii

tich?

- Tron

g qu

a tr in

h nh an thiic s

U vat , hie

n tifdng , ngUd

h nhie

u ye

u to ' b

- La

p lu an phan tich

1.2 Muc dich cua

lap luan phan tich

h thiic , ca

n tifdng)

1.3 Cdch phan tich

a) Kh

i pha

n tich , ca

n h

e nha

t dinh :

ng mat , t iin

g b

o phan , son

g nhat

sanh?

- ISfkie

u si

i vat , hie

g vkn

c6 nh iin

g ne

t rieng Bci

i vay , tron

g qu

a tr in

h n h^

n t Mc

m r

a n hii

g n ha

n xet , dan

- K

hi vie

t va

n ng

hi lu an , ngiid

i t

a ciin

g du

ng s

o san

h d

e la

m cii

a min

g la

p lu an

so sanh

6

NG UY EN X UA

N LA C

(Chu bien)

2.2 Muc dich cua lap luan so sanh

tifdng quan v6i doi tvfdng khac So sanh diing lam cho van nghi luan sang ro, cu the, sinh dong va c6 siic thuyet phuc

2.3 Cdch so sanh

Khi so sanh can phai dam bao tinh khoa hoc va tinh chinh xac cua sii so sanh:

- Dat cac doi tiidng vao ciing mot binh dien;

- Danh gia tren cung mot tieu bhi;

- Neu ro y kien, quan diem cua ngiicJi viet (ngifdi noi)

3 Thao tac lap luan bac bo

3.1 Thendo la lap luan bac bo?

- Trong ddi song, tren satch bao c6 the bat gap nhiing y kien sai trai, nhiJng bai viet lech lac, thieu chinh xac, c^n c6 sii trao ddi, tranh luan de bac bo y kien sai trai do

- Ve ban chat, nghi luan la tranh luan nen can c6 thao tac bac bo Dung thao tac bac bo trong mot bai nghi luan goi la lap luan bac bo

3.2 Muc dich cua lap luan bac bo

Bac bo la dung H le va chiing c\i de gat bo nhijtng quan diem, y kien sai lech hoac thieu chinh xac, txi do, neu y kien dung cua minh de thuyet phuc ngiidi nghe,

ngifdi doc Muc dich cua lap luan bac bo la khang dinh y kien dung, dung each bac

bo de y kien diing difdc ndi bat, ngifdi doc, ngifdi nghe d§ chap nhan

3.3 Cdch bac bo

- Muon bac bo y kien ngifdi khac, tnf6c het can n^m chSc nhiing sai lam cua ho N^m chic sai lam thi bacbo mdi tning van de, m6i thuyet phuc difdc ngifdi c6 y kien sai lam ciing nhif ngifdi doc, ngifdi nghe

- Co the bac bo mot luan diem, luan cd hpac each lap luan sai bang each neu tac

hai, chi ra nguyen nhan hoac phan tich nhutng khia canh sai lech, thieu chinh xac,

- Thong thifdng c6 the bac bo theo hai each:

+ Neu het y kien sai trai, sau do tien hanh phan tich, bac bo va khing dinh

y kien dung cua minh

+ Neu tifng phan y kien sai roi bac bo theo each "cuon chieii tifng phan", sau

do khang dinh y kien diing cua minh: sai - diing, sai - diing, ; cuoi cung m6i tong hdp lai van de de khang dinh cai diing chung, toan bo

- Khi bac bo, can to thai do khach quan, diing miic cua ngifdi viet

60 BAI V A N C H O N LOG > 7

lap luan binh luan?

g cuo

c son

g hie

n dai

4.2 Muc dich cua

lap luan binh luan

4.Z Cdch binh luan

Co nhie

u eac

h bin

h luan Nhvta

g thU

e hie

n tiidn

g (v^ de) d

U (?c binh lu^n

n dinh, dan

h gi

a cu

a min

h la xac dang

t (noi) pha

a cha

n li Khon

g c

6 y kien rien

g cu

a ngU

& vie

t (noi) th

y nap, ton

g hdp, v.v

B

CA CH LAM MQT BAI VA

N NGHI LUA

N

I C

AC BVdC

LAM MOT BA

u day:

Bvfdc 1 : Ti

a d

e bai, xa

d loai de truyen thong, luto de cung thifclng la luan diem cua bai lam, con thao

tac 14P luan cung dvfdc neu ro trong de bai (phan tich, chiing minh, giai thich, binh

luEln, ); ngvidi lam bai chi can doc k i de bai la c6 the nhan ra ngay Nhiftig doi v6i

loai de md, ngUdi lam bai phai dong nao suy nghi de xac dinh hai yeu c^u do: tvf luftn

de (von la mot van de chung va rong) phai chon, tim va xac dinh luan diem cho bai

viet (tijtc phai c6 chu kien rieng ve van de nghi luan); sau do chon cac thao tac lap

luan thich hdp vcii noi dung bai viet cua minh

b) Timy

B\idc 2: Lap dan y

ThUc chat cua biidc nay la to chxic, sSp xep cac y trong mot bo cue khoa hoc, hdp

H bang eac thao tac lap lu&n da chon cho bai l^m

- Dan y gom ba phin: mcl bai, than bai, ket bai nhii bo cue da neu tren day

- 6 p h i n Than bai, cac y phai sap xep theo mot trat tu 16-gic va difdc lien ket

chat che v6i nhau trong y tifcing toan bai, trong maeh nghi luan chung cua bai viet

TiiCng lukn diem difdc trinh b^y theo thao tac lap luan thich hdp:

+ Luan diem 1: luan cijf 1, 2, 3,

+ Luan diem 2: luan cH 1, 2, 3,

+ Luan diem 3: luan ctt 1, 2, 3,

Biidc3:Vietbai

Nguyen tic chung la dUa theo dan y de viet thanh bai van chii khong viet

mot each tuy tien Nhif v^y, bai viet mdi thong nhat, can do'i, chat che v^ c6 sflc

thuyet phuc Tuy nhien, khi viet cung khong hen qua go bo vao dan y khien eau

van trd n I n kho khan, ciing nhSc, ma phai danh cho ngoi but mot khoang sang

tao de thdi hon vao bai viet, tao khi s&e cho bai van nghi luan NgvfcJi viet phai tao cho minh mot giong dieu rieng phu hdp v6i tiifng bai viet cu the: bai nghi luan

xa hoi phai nhii the nao, bai nghi lu^n van chiidng phai ra sao, (c6 the tham

khao giong dieu nghi luan xa hoi cua Chu tich Ho C h i Minh trong bai Tuyen

chUdng cua Hoai Thanh trong bai Mot thdi dai trong thi ca va cua Nguyin Dinh Thi trong bai Ban ve thd, )

Bxidc 4: Doc lai v a sifa bai

thoi quen trong khi lam bai Hau qua la da de lai nhiing loi khong dang c6, han che

mot ph^n dang ke ket qua cua bai lam Day la bu6e bat buoc phai c6 de hoan chinh

bai viet cua minh, khong the bo qua Cin doc lai de chiia nhutng 16i sau:

60 B A I V A N C H O N L Q C <- 9

- L6

i v

e no

i dung: c

6 y nao vie

t co

n thieu, chU

- L6

i v

e kie

n thilc: kie

n thOt

c sai, te

n ta

c gia, ta

c pha

m sai, da

n chOtn

g khon

g

chinh xac

- Lo

i die

n dat: dii

n da

t khon

g tron

g sang, ca

u vie

t sa

i ng

Q phap

g dun

g cho, khon

t l

a dan

h txi rieng, tii

phien am

- Lo

i v

e bo

" cue: ca

i hoa, cha

t che, lie

II CACH LAM CAC LOAI BAI, DAN

n c

6 ha

i loa

i bai: ngh

tUcfng ddi song.

n luan, dan

thd, doan thcf; nghi

luan ve mot tac

pham, mot doan

trich van xuoi; nghi

ludn ve mot y kien ban

ve van hoc.

n cd

va lap luan

ro rang, cha

o l

i

1 Tim hieu de

De bai:

Anh (chi) ha

Oi, song dep la

thendo hdi ban?

(Mot khuc ca)

De ti

m hie

u de, c^

n tr

a Id

i 4 cau ho

i gd

i y:

10 ->

N GU YE

N X UA

N L AC

(Chu hien)

- Cau hoi 1 la van de nghi luan (luan de): 6 de bai nay la van de nhan sinh

quan cua con ngiJdi, cu the la ve quan niem "song dep"

- Cau hoi 2 la noi dung nghi luan: gom hai y:

+ The nao diidc coi la ngiidi song dep? (v6i thanh nien, hoc sinh ngay nay)

+ De song dep, con ngufdi can ren luyen nhutng pham chat nao?

- Cau hoi 3 la thao tdc lap luan can svi dung de lam bai: c6 the svL dung cac thao

tac giai thich, chiing minh, bac bo, binh luan,

- Cau hoi 4 la pham vi tu lieu can dung trong bai lam:

+ Tu lieu trong cuoc song (nhutng tam gildng song dep va nhiing each song chifa dep)

+ Tif lieu trong van thd (nhiing quan niem song dep, nhOng con ngUdi song dep)

Boh cau hoi nay giup anh (chi) xac dinh cac yeu cau ve noi dung, phiidng phap

va tif lieu de lam bai cho dung Tuy vay, nhin mot each tong quat, day la bai nghi

luan ban luan ve van de song dep cua con ngiCdi ngay nay (dac biet do'i v6i thanh

nien, hoc sinh) V i vay, bai lam can neu ro chii kien cua ngUdi viet v6i nhiJng luan diem rieng ve quan niem song dep cua minh de c6 the thuyet phuc difdc ngiidi doc Khong nen viet theo kieu chi giai thich ddn thuan "the nao la song dep" ma nen viet

theo kieu binh luan, viia phe phan, bac bo, vi(a khang dinh, ngdi ca, de bai viet sinh

dong, CO tinh thuyet phuc

2 Cdch lam bai nghi luan vempt tU titdng, dqo li

a) Noi dung can c6:

- Phan tich cac mat dung, bac bo nhiing bieu hien sai lech c6 lien quan den van

de ban luan y

- Neu y nghla, n i t ra bai hoc nhan thiic va hanh dong ve tii tiicing, dao li

b) Cdch viet can dat:

- Bo cue ro rang, lap luan chat che trong tiing phan va toan bai

- D i l n dat chuan xac, mach lac

- Co the van dvmg ket hdp cac phiidng thiic bieu dat phii hdp va c6 chiing miic

3 Nghi luan ve mot hien ttfgfng dofi song

1) Dang de bai (xem SGK)

De bai neu len mot hien tiidng ddi song qua mot thong t i n v i n tat ve mot cau chuyen la liing cua mot con ngiidi c6 that (chang thanh nien tre tieu bieu Thanh pho

Ho Chi Minh 2007 Nguyen Hiiu An)

- Yeu cau cua de: bay to y kien cua minh ve hien tiidng do

60 B A I V A N C H O N L O G 11

2) Cdc bitdc thuc

nien r^'

t

Tang

hoc tap

can ngh

i luan , nhgi

i man

h da c

diem cua n6

- Tha

n bai : ba

i ca, dan

goc d

o rien g

- Du

a va

o da

n y da

3) Rut

ra each Idm bai

a) Nqi dung can

viet gon, ro, nd

- D

e 2 Pha

n tic

h doa

n th d

12 <^

N GU Yf iN

UA

N LA

C (C hu bien)

Nhihigditdng Viet Bac cuata Vui len Viet Bac, deo De, nui Hong

De 1 la phan tich bai thd, de 2 la phan tich doan thd Ca hai de deu ra theo

dang pMn tich la dang thUcJng gap, pho bien doi v6i the loai thd Nhvtag v&n c6 the

ra de theo cac dang khac Vi du:

- Suy nghi cua anh (chi) ve bai thd TiCc cdnh Pdc Bo cua Ho Chi Minh

- Ve dep bai thd Nguyen tieu (Ram thang gieng) cua Ho Chi Minh

- Dieu ^ lam nen stjtc hap din cua bai thd TYi" ay (To Hrtu) doi vdi the he tre

Viet Nam?

- Co ngUcti cho rang Voi vang chi la sii hUcing thu ca nhan cua Xuan Dieu, tuoi tre khong nen song theo each dọ Tt( bai thd Vgi vdng, anh (chi) hay phan bac lai y

kien noi tren

- Binh luan bai thd sau:

Minh vd tấ^

Minh Id ta day thoi, ta vdn gM cho minh Sdu thdm minh Ủ Lai Id ta day!

Ta gild tro, minh nhen thdnh liia chdy,

GM vien đ con, minh dUng lai nen thdnh

(CheLan Vien)

Tát ca cac de tren day deu la nghi luSn ve mot bai thd, nhiJng yeu cfiu va

tinh chat nghi lu^n cua ttog de lai khong giong nhaụ Ngvfdi lam bai cin nhan

ra ch8 khac nhau do de lam bai cho dung, bcli trong thilc te ngUcJi ta vin ra de

theo nhi§u dang nhif vkỵ Nghi luan ve mot doan thd cung c6 the c6 nhieu dang

nhu th§'

2) Cac bade Idm bai

Thong thifdng, c6 the c6 5 hxidc nhU sau:

a) Doc chkm nhieu \in bai thd (doan thd) de c6 cam nhan chung ve tac phim:

bM thd noi van de gi, tinh cam cua tac gia hoc 16 trong bai thd nhif the naỏ,

b) Tim hieu sau ve bai thd (doan thd):

- Ve noi dung: de ckp den nhiing y ^, dieu gi trong cuoc song cua con ngUcJị

- Ve nghe thuat: c6 nhiing diem nao cin chii y: ve hinh anh, am dieu, ngon ngfl, the thd,

- Diem dac sic nh&'t cua bai thd la gỉ

Bki thd n^y da dUqic dung l^m b^i luyfen tftp cho hki Vdn ban vdh hoc b 16p 10

60 BAI VAN CHQN LOG 0- 13

c) La

p da

n y:

3) Cac each lam

bai nghi luan vempt

bai tha, doan tha

i vay, eac

Tim hieu de

va

lap dan y

n th

d eo the c

-a b-a

i thd

-h ca

i hay, v

u 4

- Ha

i th

e gidi: don

y l

a sU hai bo

4) Gidi thieu mot

doan van tham khao

T^hg suoi trong nhU

tieng hat xa e trung u tr g die t dan 6 mo n c t nhie d do Cau th

, hie

n da

i ra'

t thich

Hinh nhii ngiidi xifa thiidng noi dan suoi, phach suoi - "Ta nghe suoi chdy nhiC

cung dan cam" (Nguyen Trai) chil chUa tttog noi suoi hat chang? Mot hen Uibng rat

thUc, phu hdp v6i canh v£lt va sinh hoat cua con ngifdi luc bay gid cl chien khu Viet

Bic (!'Nhdsao ngay thdng ccf quart, Gian nan dxA van ca vang nui deo" - To Hutu)

Nhutng 161 vi von thoat sao ay, dong thdi lai muoh diia thing tri txidng tiidng

cua nha thd vao coi md mang: tieng suoi hay giong ngiidi, am thanh cua tU nhien hay dieu hat cat len tu: mot coi xa vdi nao cua riing khuya lung linh bong nguyet? Bai thd c6 mot cai ban le dat vao hai chxi "chua ngu" Chiia ngu \ "canh khuya nhu

ve", hay chUa ngu vi "lo noi n\idc nha" Cai ban le khep mci hai tam trang: say thien nhien va lo viec nii6c; khep md hai the gi6i: dong tien va chien khu, lang man va

hien thiJc Tat ca thong nhat tren cai 16-gic cua mot tam hon yeu nil6c vi dai: di

nhien b Bac Ho, yeu thien nhien cung la yeu dat nii6c, nhiing d day khong phai vi canh dep thien nhien ma Bac Ho nghi den dat midc, ma tru'6c het vi lo viec nif6c

(chUa ngu dvfdc) ma NgUdi bat gap trang dep gifia rfeig khuya

Nguyen Dang Manh

{Trdn md nhii thekem gi tien! Bao Van nghe,

so 513 (2-9-1973))

Luyen tap

Phan tich doan cu6i bai thd Trang gian^ cua Huy Can

Gai y lam haU

a) Phan tich doan thd:

- Hai cau dau: Canh chieu xuong tren s6ng: c6 sU d6i lap giiia nui may hiing vi

va canh chim be nho Canh dep nhiing buon v^ng, c6 ddn

- Hai cau sau: N6i buon nh6 nha cua tac gia dang len sau tham thim ciing v6i song nif6c dap denh tren trang giang

- Hinh anh sang tao, id thd m6i me, am dieu phu hdp

b) Ban luan mh rong:

- Canh va tinh hoa hdp vdi nhau nhu^n nhi, tU nhien trong doan thd

- Noi buon cua Huy Can: c6 noi buon nh6 nha, c6 n6i sau nhan the, lai c6 ca

tam sU cua mot thi nhan mat nU6c, bd vd giijta dong ddi (ket hdp vdi ca bai thd)

- Doan thd v^iB mang mau s^c co dien cua Dvfdng thi lai mang ve dep ciia Thd mdi

5 Nghi luan ve mot tac pham, mot doan trich van xuoi

De: Phan tich truyen ngSn Tinh than the due cua Nguyin Cong Hoan

a) Gpi y tim hien de, dinh hiCdng bai viei

Anh (chi) doc lai truyen ngdn nay trong NgU van 11, tap mot, tr 172-177 va

suy nghi ve nhutng v^n de sau day:

60 BAI V A N C H Q N LOG IP

n thuc, y nghia phe pha

b) Gd,

y lap dan hdi

- Tha

n bai: Die

di tha

y con

g truye

n ngln

nay, tii

do neu len nghe thuat tra

o phiin

g

cua truyen

a mo

t phutdn

g dien, mo

n tric

h v6

i nhau

- No

i dun

g ca

n c6:

n tric

h va

n xuoi

i bat, v

n trich)

n trich

- Cac

h vie

t cin dat:

+ Pha

i ne

u d

U dc cac lua

n kha

i ca

c y hen mach trong bai van

+ Dii

n da

t tron

g sang, eac

g die

u tie

u bie

u nha't)

6 Nghi luan ve mot y kien ban ve van hoc

a) Doi Wdng nghi hikn da dang: ve van hoc sil, ve 11 lu^n van hoc, ve tac ph^m

van hoc, ve tac gia van hoc,

b) Noi dung cin c6:

- Giai thich ro y kien ban ve van hoc do: ban ve van de gi, noi dung nhu thenao?

- Ban luEin mci rong them y kien do difcii nhieu goc nhin khac nhau

- Neu y nghia vk tac dung cua y kien do doi v6i van hoc va ddi song

(Ba noi dung tren khi trtnh bay c6 the va c i n minh hoa them bang dan chiing trong thiic t i l n van hoc)

c) Cach viet c^n dat:

- Bai viet phai neu dUdc cac hi&n diem dung d i n , ro rang vk trien khai bang

mot he thong lap lu^n 16-gic, chat che

- Biet sii dung cac thao tac lap luan de lam bai v6i each viet khang dinh de

nhan manh chu kien cua minh doi vdi y kien can nghi lu^n

>fe;iVI&f^T![VHBtNHTHU4;ii

i*-— -• • - •*

60 B A I V A N C H Q N L O G <- 1 7

™ 4

DE 1

ton sU

trgng dao cua dan

toe Viet Nam

i ciin

a m t ra p nha i da minh da i tU Idi, gia t pha , tra i vie ban luan Ngiid y de t nao g na n chu n thon n gia g dd h truye i khon g quan y - th o xun i nh hom na u ho a va ngay xU nhuing ca

lam san

g to van d

e mo

t eac

h toa

n dien , sa

u sic Di nhien c

t hoa

n toa

n c6 the Ivf

D

o la mot truye

thiyeu lay thdy g nhi cung tvto a ta g ch , on y hdn m thu Hoac tha

c co

n chau

: Nhat

tyt vi sU, ban tU g la thay) 3 cun a chi , nii t la thay t chu vi sU (Mo

Ton sU

la d

e cao , to

n '/inh , eo

i tron

g ngiid

i thay V

18 <

- NG UY fi

N X UA

N L AC ( Ch

u bien )

The thi sao lai khong ton vinh, de cao ngUdi thay? Day la ton vinh mot con ngutdi da

gop phan dem lai Idi ich cho ca mot dan toe Su ton vinh nay xuat phat t\i chdc nang,

cao quy va trach nhiem 16n lao cua ngtTdi thay

ton vinh ngUdi thay thi trong dao la coi trong nghe day hoc Dao (i day la dao lam

thay, la nghe day hoc Nghe day hoc la nghe dang difdc coi trong vi san pham no dao tao ra chinh la con ngifdi, nhiJ ai do da noi; "Trong cac nghe t h i nghe day hoc la nghe cao quy nhat" Nhan dan ta "trong dao" chinh la trong cai nghe "trong ngiidi" cao quy ay, ciing nhii ho da ton vinh ngiidi thay la nhiing "ki sii tam hon"

nhin nhan diing din va tien bo cua nhan dan ta ve mot nghe dang diidc coi trong

va mot con ngifdi dang dUdc ton vinh No chiing to dan toe ta la mot dan toe van

hien va hieu hoc, hdi coi trong nghe day hoc la mot bieu hien sau s^c cua mot dan

tpc van hien va ton vinh ngUdi thay la bSng chiing hiing hon cua mot dan toe hieu

hoc Nhifng y nghia sau xa cua ton si/ trong dao chinh la no g i n bo mat thiet v6i sU

cho dan giau n\idc manh, xa hoi phat trien tot dep Xifa, ong cha ta da noi "hien tai

la nguyen khi quoc gia"; nay, ta lai k h l n g dinh "giao due dao tao la quoc sach hang dau" - nhiJng dieu do khong the khong lien quan den truyen thong ton sU trong dao cua dan toe ta Ton svi trong dao da trd thanh mot dao li, mot truyen thong tot dep ciia nhan dan ta chinh la nhii the No la siic manh tinh than, tinh cam 16n lao

va ben vijtng cua dan toe de gop phan xay dUng nen mot nxidc Viet Nam van hien

va giau manh

Truyen thong tot dep do da dufdc nhan dan ta ke thiia va phat huy trong cuoc song hien nay Tren khap dat n\idc, d dau ciing vay, t i i thanh thi den nong thon,

mien xuoi den mien ngiide,-ngUdi dan Viet Nam deu yeu quy, ton trong ong thay,

deu danh eho thay nhiing tinh cam liu ai nhat, dae biet la long biet dn sau skc thAy

da day con cai ho nen ngiidi Trong hoan canh nii6c nha- eon ngheo, ddi song eua thay giao eon nhieu kho khan, ho da tan tinh giiip dd thay mot each chan thanh va cam dong Cac dan toe viing cao da coi cac thay giao, eo giao mien xuoi len day hoc nhii ngUdi con cua que hiidng minh Ngifdi thay diidc ton vinh thi nghe day hoc ciing diide coi trong Khong phai ngau nhien ma giao due dao tao la quoc sach hang dau,

va ngay 2 0 - 1 1 hang nam da trb thanh ngay hoi 16n cua toan dan de ton vinh ngiidi

th^y va nghe day hoc cao quy Hinh anh cha me hoc sinh tang hoa cac thay, eo giao trong ngay 20 - 11, va ca nhiing can bo cap cao cua Dang va Nha nii6c den tham thay giao eii da noi len sau sac truyen thong va dao U cao dep do T i i mot dao H

truyen thong ciia dan toe, ton si/ trong dao da mang mot y nghia each mang m6i

trong thdi dai ngay nay gSn lien v6i t i i tiidng "trong ngiidi" ciia Chii tich Ho Chi Minh No khong chi la dao U, tinh cam ma con la tinh than, siic manh, hanh dong

6 0 B A I V A N C H O N L O G <- 1 9

each mang d

n minh D

n c

d sc

l k

e thtfa , gi\

gin nhuing ma

u hd

p vd

i thii

c t iln each mang m6

(Bailam cua e

cho con tou

Con toi pha

i ho

c ta 't c

a nhfln

g die

u hay [

1

R in

Xin hay da

m lang Da

n chi

m tun

g

canh tren bau trdi, da

e th

o bao Xi

Xin hay da

g ngh

e ta 't c

n nha

n nhiin

g ^ tot de

p m

a thoi

Xin hay da

y ch

o cha

u

20 * NGUYfiN

XUAN LAC (Chu bien)

biet rang khong c6 sxi xau hd trong nhflng giot nif6c m i t Xin hay day cho chau biet che gieu nhflng ke yem the va trong tnidc s\l ngot ngao day cam biy

Xin hay day cho chau rSng c6 the ban cd bap va t r i tue cho ngifdi ra gia cao nhat nhiing khong bao gid diidc d^ cho ai ra gia mua trai tim va tam hon minh

[ ] Xin hay doi xii diu dang nhvtog dOfng vuot ve nuong chieu chau hcA vi chi c6

sU ihxi thach cua luta mdi toi luyen nen nhiing thanh sit ciing r l n Hay giup chau c6

du can dam bieu 16 sU kien nhan va c6 du kien nhan de bieu 16 sU can dam

Xin hay day cho chau biet r&ng chau phai luon c6 niem tin tuyet doi vko ban

than bcii vi khi do chau se luon c6 niem tin tuyet doi vao nhan loai

Day qua la mot yeu c^u qua 16n, toi biet, thifa thay, nhiing xin thay c6' gSng het silc minh Con trai toi la mot c&u be tuyet vdi

(Trich ThU cua Tong thong My A Lin-con g& th^y hieu trudng

cua con trai minh, trong Nhiing cdu chuyen vi ngiM thay,

N X B Tre, TP Ho Chi Minh, 2004)

D E 2 :

-Nghi ludn vi chu de "Hay vi mot mdi tri/dng xanh, sack, dep":

Hudng ring dot thi dua "Xdy dUng mdi tritdng xanh, sach, dep do Dodn Thanh nien Cong sdn Ho Chi Minh phdt dgng, chi dodn Idp lOA tochiic hoi thdo vdi chu de: Hay vi mot mdi trilbng xanh, sach, dep

Anh (chi) hay viei bdi tham gia hoi thdo do

1 Xdy dung lap ludn

a) Vi sao phai xay dUng moi tnfdng xanh, saoh, dep (Zuan diem 1)

• M6i tnfdng la ndi con ngiidi song, lam viec, boat dong

- Moi tnldng song H tiiSng gora ba yeu t6': xanh, sach, dep

- Xay dung m6i tnidng de song tot, lam viec c6 hieu qua cao

b) ThUc te triidng hoc cua chung ta hien nay nhif the nao? (ludn diem 2)

- Nhiing mat tot (doi chieu v6i ba yeu c^u: xanh, sach, dep)

- NhCtng matchUa to't (doi chieu v6i ba yeu c^u: xanh, sach, dep)

- Nguyen nhan (chu quan, khach quan)

c) \Am th§' nao de trUdng chung ta xanh, sach, dep? (lu&n diem 3)

- De dat yeu c^u xanh, phai lam ^?

- De dat yeu c i u sach, phai lam ^?

- De dat yeu c^u dep, phai lam ^?

6 0 B A I V A N C H Q N L O G <• 2 1

LUa chgn phiicfng phdp

Phifdng p ha

p la

p l ua

n t hic

h hd

p l

a gia

i t hic

h k

et hel

p v6

i b an lu an :

- L ua

n d ie

m 1 d iin

g la

p l ua

n gia

i thich

- L ua

n d ie

m 2 d un

g la

p l ua

n chijtn

g mi

nh

- L ua

n d ie

m 3 c hi

i y eu l

a b an l ua

i tn id ng n ha

t din

u c

6 th

e tot , nhifn

g d

o k ho ng biet ba

o v

e ne

n tr

S t ha nh x au Ngiid

u, nh Un

g bie

t eac

h ca

i tao , bo

i dSp , gii

J gi

n la

i trc

i n en tot

at qu an trong

Ch in

h ni en C on

g sa

n Ho C

hi Mi nh d

a d

e ra phong trao

Hay vi mot rrtdi

tnCbng

xanh, sach, dep

Vi sa

o ph

ai xa

y dUn

g mo

i tn id ng x an

h, sa ch , dep

? Mo

i tn id ng l

m viec , boa

t dong , difd

c ta

o ne

n b&n

g h

ai ye

u to' : th ie

n nh ie

n va

con

ngqoi

Th ie

n nh ie

n go

m ba

u trdi , k ho ng k hi , riing n ui, song bien, tha

o nguyen ,

ca

nh

dong

va n ha

t la cay x an

h

Th ie

n nh ie

n d

o nh

n le

e song Mo

i tn id ng ay gom

b

a chii

:

xanh, sgx:h, dep

Mot mo

i t iii dn

g K tiidng

tnidc het ph

ai la

mot moi

tnidng xanh.

D ay

a ha nh tinh",

hi ha

u

vi dai

" c iia c hu ng

ta

Ca

y xa nh l am cho k

hi ha

i do

c tron

g k ho ng k hi , h ap t hu t ha

n kh

i v

a cu ng cap dvfdng

kh

i, ca

h l

i t ie ng dong, ta

p v

e si nh

Mo

i tn id ng x an

h ay dong thdi ph

ai la

moi tnidng sach

h, kh on

g c

6 r ac nicii, va

t 6 ue n hi

i xa

c che

t don

g vat , da

i con

g nghie

p nh

il niid

c t ha

i v

a kh

i t ha

i ga

y 6 n hi em n gh ie

Co

n dep

von l

a mo

t nh

u ca

H co

n ngifd

i kh ie

n va n ha

t la t hic

h th

u, ga

n b

o vd

i mo

i tn id ng dep

Ba y eu to' xa nh , sa ch , de

p li en q ua

n ga

n b

o vd

i nh au de tao r

a mo

t mo

i

tr Ud ng so'ng

li ti li ng Ne

u c

6 ca

y co

i xa nh x un

g qu an

h ma k ho ng k

hi

va

nguon

nUdc va

n

bi 6 n hi em t

hi

"c

ai no

i xa nh

" a

y cu ng c ha ng c6 g ia t

ri gi NgUd

di ra

t sa ch v

a de

p nh ii ng l

ai th ie

u ma

u xa nh c ua c ay coi th

n

Ch

o ne

n xa

y dU

ng

mot mo

i

tr iid ng s on

g to

t de

p la p ha

i c

6 dii b

a ye

u to ' x an

h, sa ch , dep Mo

i tr Ud ng

GU YE

N XU AN L AC ( Ch

ii bien )

chi dam bao svLc khoe ma con lam cho con ngifdi thoai mai de song tot hdn va lam

viec CO hieu qua cao hdn

Doi chieii vcii ba yeu cau xanh, sach, dep tren day, nhin lai thUc t i i n cua tnidng

hien nay, chung ta thay gi? Do hoan canh khach quan, chung ta chi m6i thiic hien

diidc hai yeu cau sgx:h, dep, con yeu cau xanh mdi dat diidc h\idc dau Nhutng ddt

tong ve sinh hang tuan v6i khau hieu "khong viit rac tren san triidng", "khong ve

tam ao mdi Nhiing loi di rai soi, xep gach nghieng hai ben nhif trong cong vien,

thdm ngat da tao nen ve dep thanh t u dang yeu cho tnidng Nhiing con mau xanh,

cai mau xanh mat mit mat long cua que hUdng Viet Nam thi vh\a in bong tren

khu trutdng bcii triidng mdi difdc xay diing tvf hai nam nay tren mot vung dat trong

canh lang Nha tnfdng da phat dong m6i 16p trong 20 cay xanh xung quanh tnldng

va tren san tnfdng, den nay cay da cao bang dau ngifdi 30 16p cua ba khoi 10, 11,

12, neu cay song ca thi da c6 600 cay Va chi dam nam sau, tnfdng se c6 mot "vanh

dai xanh" bao quanh va the he dan em chiing ta se diidc hoc tap vui chdi trong "chiec

noi xanh" nhu mot cai may dieu hoa khi hau cua thien nhien ma chinh chung ta da

gieo trong, cham soc tii ngay h\idc vao ngoi tnidng nay

lam do mot each ben hi, thUdng xuyen v6i mot tinh than trach nhiem cao hdn, va

nhat la v6i mot y thtic ro rang Hay vi mdi tri/dng xanh, sach, dep de lam cho ngoi

(Bai tham l u a n cua em N g u y e n T h a o M i n h Phiftfng,

hoc sinh 16p 12A, pho bi thii Doan,

j T r K c i n g T H P T H a n T h u y e n , B a c N i n h )

Chiec noi xanh

(Luac trich)

Chung t a luon luon nkm trong long chiec noi xanh cvia cay coi - do l a cai may

dieu hoa khi hau vi dai cua chiing ta

Nhiing so'lieu dang tin cay ciia cac nha ve sinh hoc ket luan rSng ngoi dif6i tan

cay bang, ta b6t difdc 4 Ian cai nong chay da buoi tnfa he tren diJdng nhiia

60 B A I V A N C H O N L O G <- 23

Cay co

i co

n la hang ra

o eac

h li tien

g dong , hfi

p th

u va

hit laijihiJn

g son

i tha

n khi Nhi

i ma

y la

i tuo

n ra

khi , can , am tdi, xop t la Mt , nha' g "thS" t cun Da' g khi m khon m 6 nhie i la a kho doc v

h la rKt i ra a tha ha'p d n ho vi khua c va m mo , nS phan giai u cd t hul c cha n khi , ca cay muc nhieu tha

i ba , riifng g thong g rtdi Tron g khi g khon c tron g khi i do n dudn loc kh 7 ta h 2, n va n ca i nga bien than i lai Cay co than Idi

g vi trung ga

y ben

h tron

g khon

g kh

ngoai 6 chi c

6 55

0 vi khuan tron

DE 3 :

VI sao

phdi bao

ve moi trUdng?

quanh ca

u ho

i do

• Bai van tham khao

Ngay nay viec bao ve moi tnfdng da trd thanh nhan thiic chung cua raoi ngUdi

Nhifng vi sao lai phai bao ve moi tnfcJng? Bao ve moi tnldng nhif the nao? De tra IcJi

nhutng van de nay c6 le phai bat dau ttf chinh van de moi trUdng

Sau Dai chien the gidi thii hai, siic san xuat xa hoi tang vot Viec sxi dung rong

rai cac loai may moc da tao ra mot lUdng Idn cua cai cho loai ngiidi, nhvfng mot liidng

khong 16 cac chat phe thai cong nghiep cung da gay nen 6 nhiim moi trUdng rat nghiem trong Mot lifdng 16n cac chat doc hoa hoc sau khi thai vao moi trUdng da khuech tan, chuyen dcJi, tich luy va chuyen hoa lam cho moi tnfdng khong ngtoig xau di, uy hiep nghiem trong den sU song cua loai ngiidi va cac sinh vat khac

Nam 1962, nha nii sinh vat hoc Ra-sen, Ca-xdn, ngifdi MI, da xuat ban tac

pham Mua xudn lang le Cuon sach mieu ta t i mi sii pha hoai sinh thai do lam dung

thuoc bao ve thUc vat gay nen: "Nhutag benh tat ki di khong lifdng difcfc da giet chet

hang loat chim muong, lam cho bo, cifti lam benh dot txi Tre em dang chdi dua bong

nhien nga quy, sau may gid chet ngay khong chiia noi Tren mat dat chi con sot lai mot vai con chim le loi thoi thop Do la mot mua xuan khong cosii song" Quyen

sach da gay chan dong d\i luan tren toan the gidi Ngiidi ta b6ng kinh ngac phat

hien ra: trong mot thdi gian ngSn chi may chuc nam ma stf phat trien cong nghiep

da mang lai cho nhan loai mot moi tnfdng doc hai Hdn niia, moi tnfdng 6 nhiim da

gay nen s\i ton thiTdng toan dien, lau dai va nghiem trong Loai ngUdi bit dau nhan

thiic dUdc tam quan trong cua viec bao ve moi tnidng Do do, khcii dau til thap ki 60,

d nhijtng midc cong nghiep phat trien da day len "phong trao bao ve moi tnidng", yeu

cau Chinh phu phai c6 bien phap de giai quyet van de 6 nhiem

Bai hoc nhan loai khong bao ve tot moi trtfdng thUc ra da c6 txi xMa 6 thdi co

dai, nhiing viing kinh te tiidng doi phat trien nhif Hi Lap, Trung Can Dong, v.v vi

viec khai hoang va txidi nxldc khong hdp h' nen da gay ra nhflng vung khong c6 cay

chat pha rtoig hxia bai, dat bi xoi mon nghiem trong nen nan lii lut va han han xay

ra hen mien, dat dai ngay cang ckn coi Y thtic bao ve moi trUdng cung khong phai

ngay nay mdi c6 Trung Quoc thdi ki cd dai da c6 tii txidng bao ve moi tnfdng rat ddn

sd nhii cau noi "Khong tat can ma chi bat ca, khong dot rittig ma chi san bin" Ngay

nay, bao ve moi tnJdng khong nhutng phai lam cho moi tnfdng tranh bi 6 nhiim, ma

con phai ke thiia tU tiiSng bao ve moi tnidng tnidc day, tdc la khai thac tai nguyen

mot each hdp h de bao dam c6 the tiep tuc khai thac mai Chiing ta can hieu ring: Vail de then chdt de giai quyet 6 nhiim moi tnfdng la bao ve moi tnfdng Bao ve moi

tnfdng chinh la de bao ve chung ta

(Theo sach Khoa hoc moi tnidng, La To DiSc chu bien,

NXB Van hoa - Thong tin, Ha Noi, 2001)

• Do

c the

m

1 Ban vevande "tdi

nguyen nitdc" cung tha u ta u da , da the gidi n do o ba Nhin va

y men

h mon

g la nif6c Da

i dUdn

g u m sa n n^ o 16 nhiing h i c6 La g chit i chan g ngo i son g liJd i man Ro c dia h lu bao quan

trong da

t lien , Id

n chan

g ke

m gi bien ca Ca

m gia

c do khien nhie

la mfd

c ma

n chtj

t da

u , thU dong vat i va n ngiid a co h m nifdc sac i la g pha g khon i can , la c ngot a niid phai l

c dang g ta a chiin h m h tin n han nU6c "tre n ba i pha Ha g diidc e dun c6 th h ta vat quan

song l

a mi&c

man Tron

g so ' niid

g b Bi

c CUc

, e midc i tha the kha i c6 i ch n ngiid i co y th Va i Hi-ma-lay-a y nu tren da c va Nam Cii

ngot cl song suoi , dam , ao , ho

va nguo

n nifcl

c ngam So nude ngo

g thij

f ra

c tha

i c6 the tie

u hu

y nhiing cha' , ca phan huy c da a chi u chii m sa c na g chu i han nhflng thi i ca diidc, td

t h c sac nguon niid y la i va Nhi song suoi i ra , tha g dat m xuoh tii nga c v6 i diid doc ha

] o khon i na g nd i ran Ch6 ngh

g c6 song suo

u vii

c Ta

y Nguyen , ma

y the c i c6 g md u gien nhie m rat n the i khoa a pha con t , ba a kho o mii , va nam nay

6 ] [ y thoi y da g nga g han e dun niidc d

p ve sinh l

a ra

t to

n g pha y can i nga n ngiid , co c ngot n mid c nguo c ca i tha c kha i vie g vd , cun i vay kem V

i n niidc i nguye m ta tiet kie p U, h hd t eac g mo svf dun

(Theo Trin

h Van , ba

o NMn

dan, so

ra nga y

15-6-2003)

2 Xin diing Idng

g ph

i nhie

u g "v i dun the si , c6 i sinh thii trd c la , niid u ngiidi c nhie g y thii Tron a nifdc nhat l

6 m t t^ a mo n cii n Id m ll la nha g do ! Nhiin i het n g i ^ n gii g ca , khon a lang" tii", "x

mat

han hep a kho Cac nh

a ho

c da cho bie

X UA

N LA C

(Chu bien )

coi la du cho n a m 1990 khi n h a n loai c6 ba t i ngifcii Dtf kien den n a m 2025 n h a n loai se t h e m ba t i ngUcii niia, t h a n h sau t i ngiibi t h i nguon nifdc lay dau cho du?

Tren the gidi khong phai n\idc nao cung may mkn diidc trdi cho d u midc ngot de

dung Nude Xinh-ga-po hoan toan khong c6 nu6c ngot, phai mua midc ciia Ma-lai-xi-a

ve che bien M o t so midc ci Can Dong cung xay ra t r a n h chap ve nguon nifdc Trong

k h i do, cong nghiep cang phat trien t h i liidng nifdc dung trong cong nghiep cang

Lien hdp quoc da ra Idi keu goi bao ve nguon midc ngot, chong 6 n h i i m ,

Chung ta hay tiet k i e m midc, giii gin midc cho chung ta va cho m a i sau

(Theo Thanh Ba, bao Nhan dan Chu nhat)

D E 4:

NgiCdi thdy thuoc tot nhat Id ban than thien nhien (Hi-pd-crdt)

• Hifdng dan lam bai

Day la de md Ngiidi viet c6 the ban luan ve cau noi cua Hi-p6-crat theo h i l u biet va quan niem cua m i n h , mien sao bai viet c6 tac dung doi vdi cuoc song va thuyet phuc diidc ngiidi doc Can dat ra n h i i n g cau hoi de t i m hieu cau noi cua H i - p6-crat, chang han:

- V i sao Hi-p6-crat l a i noi n h i i vay?

- Cau noi cua Hi-p6-crat c6 y nghia n h i i the nao?

- Thien nhien la ngiidi th^y thuoc tot nhat diicic bieu hien d nhCtng phiiting dien nao, yeu to nao?,

M a t khac, khong chi diing d viec giai thich cau n6i cua Hi-p6-crat, ma con phai

ban luan them cac van de tvf cau noi do da gdi md, n h i c nhd chung ta n h i i yeu quy,

bao ve thien nhien, bao ve moi t n i d n g song cua m i n h

• Dan y tham khao

1 Thien nhien Id ngtCdi thdy thuoc tot nhat

a) T h i e n n h i e n la m o i t r i i d n g song tot n h a t , m o i t r i i d n g song l i t i i d n g cho con ngiidi

- Cho ta khong gian thoang dang, khong k h i trong lanh

- Cho ta anh n^ng, nguon midc sach, ndi nghi mat, diidng benh

- Cay coi tao t h a n h "chiec noi xanh", "la phdi cua h a n h t i n h " , "cai may dieu hoa

k h i hau v i dai" cua con ngiidi

6 0 B A I V A N C H O N L O G 2 7

- RiiCn

g nga

n l

u lut, rito

g ch^

n son

g bien, h

n ngifd

i se khoe manh, thoa

i mai, ye

u deli

2 Con ngiibi can

phdi yeu guy thien

nhien, bdo

ve thien nhien, bdo

ve moi

trUdng song

ma thien nhien da.

ban tang cho minh

b) Ca

n y thiic r

thiic cu

a co

n ngUcJ

i la nhan t

c) Pha

i han

h dong, khon

u hie

u nhKt

DE 5:

Hoc nhu bdi thuyen

ngiMc niCdc.

Khong tien

se phdi liii

(Ngan ngQ Thing Quoc)

i c

6 chie

u sau: c

a v

e y nghia, c

a v

e trie

t U Ban

t K cua no C

n tich, so

sanh,

bac bo, bin

i ho

c ciin

g

nhu vay, c

g tie

n s

e pha

i lui

e than

h tai Ngh

Hoc cung gian kho nhii bdi thuyen ngifdc nifclc Con thuyen phai doi mat v6i dong nif6c chay ngifdc lai, lieu c6 du sijtc manh de vifcit qua thii thach ay khong? Va quan

trong nhat la c6 du kien tri de chien thSng no khong? Bdi dong nifdc thi luc nao cung

chay, con con thuyen chi can Id la mot chut (ngtoig tay cheo) la khong tien len dUdc

ma phai lui lai ngay theo siic midc chay Viec hoc cung gian nan va day thtf thach nhif the Khong tien se phai liii Do chinh la ban chat va quy luat cua viec hoc doi v6i

Hoc la mot hoat dong kham pha va sang tao cua con ngifdi, bao gom hai khau chu yeu: kham pha, tiep can va chiem linh tri thiic cua nhan loai thanh tri thiic cu?

minh {thu nhan kien thiic) roi van dung kien thiic do vao cuoc song de bien thanh kien thijtc mdi {van dung va sang tao kien thvtc mdi) Hieu nhu vay t h i viec hoc

khong ddn gian chut nao, trai lai rat kho khan va gian kho Nguyen Cii Trinh ttoig noi: "Co mot chii ma nghi ba nam chua xong, giang ngan nam chua het" Con Hai ThiJdng Lan Ong Le Hflu Trac thi tam niem: "Xem mot cau, phai suy ra tram cau; th^y mot viec ddi, phai ngam ra tram viec Co the hoc m6i hay" 6 phiidng Tay, nhd kho luyen hoc ve tning ga may chuc ngay lien theo each day cua thay Ve-r6-ki-6 ma

ve sau Le-6-na dd Vanh-xi da trcl thanh danh hoa cua thdi Phuc hUng Khong kho luyen, khong kien tri, khong quyet tam thi lam sao thu nhan dildc kien thiic va ren luyen dUdc k i nang, noi chi den viec sang tao, phat minh - cai dich cao nhi't ma viec hoc phai wfdn t6i? Do chinh la liic ngiidi hoc "ngCCng tay cheo" va "con thuyen hoc

tap" se IM lai theo dong nif6c chay Dong mJ6c chay chi la quy luat khach quan, b

day yeu to chu quan cua ngiidi hoc m6i la dieu quyet dinh Chang the' ma ngay xtfa Cao Ba Quat da buoc bui toe len xa nha de hoc, Chau T r i da quet la da dot l^a len

ma hoc, Va ngay nay, hSn khong thie'u nhiJng con ngifdi tat nguyen da vifdt qua

dong midc chay de difa "con thuyen hoc tap" tien len den bd ben vinh quang, dat tcli

dinh cao cua t r i thiic va sang tao, nhif Nguyin Ngoc K i bi liet ca hai tay, phai tap viet bang chan ma v i n tot nghiep dai hoc; cac v^n dong vien khuyet tat dieu khien

xe lan bang tay ma dat huy chifdng vang,

Ban cha't ciia viec hoc la gian kho nhiing cung la sang tao de chiem linh thanh tri tri thiic cua nhan loai Con thiic cha't cua viec hoc la sii vUdn len de chien thang ban than minh nhU ngiidi cheo thuyen ngiidc niidc chien thang dong song Khong chien thang diidc ban than thi khong the hoc thanh tai diidc Cho nen pham cha't quan trong tnfcic tien cua viec hoc la phai kien tri va quyet tam, khong bao gid thoi chi nan long Nhiing kien tri phai di doi v6i say me va sang tao t h i mdi lam cho viec hoc hiing pha'n, thich thu va dat ket qua tot Viec hoc la suot ddi, khong ngiing, khong nghi, giong nhiJ ngvidi di den "chan trdi kien thiic", den diidc chan trdi nay thi lai mci ra chan trdi khac, cii the ma di tdi "Hieu biet la ngon nguon chay mai, cdn khat khong hut can diidc no va no ciing khong bao gid giai xong cdn khat" (F Ruc-ke) Ta'm gUdng say me hoc tap cua cac nha khoa hoc tren the gidi nhif Cac Mac,

60 B A I V A N C H Q N L Q C <• 29

Ang-ghen, An h- xta nh , Niu-tdn , M

" d

a ta

o ne

n nh iin

g thie

n t

ai cu

a nh an loai, v

a 6 day, ngo

n lii

a cu

a

niem say me , san

m lin

h v

a pha

t min

-u tr un

g t am la hoc ta

U the T ha

t H sau xa cua ca

n ngifdi

• D oc t he

m f

Thieu sue tudng tuang, khong c6 tri thitc

tiem ndng phdt trien

Dan ta thong m in

h, hie

u hoc , chuon

g tr

i thiic , nhUn

h t in

h nh in qua cac kie

u nh

a bie

t th

il md

i mo

c c

i t ha nh pho thd

t may Nh ie

vi th ua kem

ca pha

m chat , h in

it chi

u kh

o ngh

i ra

y tufcin

g mdi

t c

6 n hii ng cong tr in

u k

i Nga

y c

a nh iin

m t

a sa

y di

h tie

t phii

c tap , y

Tam quoc, Thuy hic,

Hong lau mong ha

y tie

u th uy

i tu

e Vie

t Na

gi tron

g chie

n dau

(Theo Hoan

g Tu

y Tap ch

-i T-ia

sang)

<» L T6n-xt6

i (1828-1910) , nh

a va

n Nga

Phe-do D6-xt6i-ep-xk

i (1821-1881) , nh

a va

n Nga

Dam me

( ) Cac bac cha me thiicing hay don diidng dam me cua con cai b^ng each m6m cho chung no mot dam me dau ddi: tap cho con thich ve, thich dan va nhat la thich hoc Dam me hoc hoi la dam me khong bao gicJ phan boi con ngiidi

Ngay nay, hdi c6 \im cam do chau chiic ngay ngiidng cu!a gia dinh va tnicJng

hoc, muoh cho con minh khoi rdi vao mot dam muoi toi den, cha me nao cung doc siic lam lung kiem tien cho con cai dau tu: vao mot cuoc chdi c6 ich (chdi tem ) hay

mot mon the due the thao (v6 thuat ), mong sao cot buoc sinh hie va nang khieu vao

c6 xe dam me cho diia tre tren con diidng ddi

Do cung la dau tvf vao mot dam me de tranh rdi vao nhiing dam me khac

Ban than toi den ngay nay hay con vao ra 16p hoc vcii mot n5i can cii say me tre

mai, ngay ca trong nhiing gid giac khong thuan Idi hay nhiing ngay mifa dam, ning rat Ngoi nham lai, toi lam cong viec nh\i the nay da tren bon mifdi nam Lam sao van can cu, lam sao van say me? Toi xuat than t\l hoi: Cai toi nam xiia va cai toi

nam nay v&n la mot chang? Hoa ra bo may ngifdi ciing ben nhif (hoac hdn) mot cai may cd khi Dau md thifdng xuyen nho vao chiec may ngUdi la mot niem khao khat Met them, biet hdn hoan toan phi vat chat va nhiing te bao nao bo s i n long bo sung cho nhau trong mot triidng luan vu thvfdng xuan

Gia nhu, do mot tr6 treu nao do cua hoan canh, toi dam me cd bac bon mxidi

nam thi gid day toi ra sao? Rat c6 the toi dang mac mot chiec ao ran vang rua bac va rung reng day kim khi hoac bay gid t6i dang co ro vi gio ICia qua 16 rach

May qua, toi chi dam-me v6i nghe day hoc Tai san ma toi de lai gom toan giay trang mUc den va xac chii

Dam me la mot ngon l i a ma cac the he noi tiep truyen trao cho nhau Kho noi,

phan phat phat cao ciing'mot luc la ngon \\ia sinh ton va ngon Ixia buy diet, ca hai

quan quyt nhau bao nhieu la de s6m loai trit nhau bay nhieu Song chet deu bang

mot ngon liia do ta Ui dot len thoi

(Theo Bijfu Y,Tap chi Tia sang, 9-1999)

DE 6:

TV hoc - con diibng di tdi thanh cong (de md)

• Hvfdng dan lam bai

Day la de mb, chi neu luan de, khong neu thao tac lap luan Van de nghi luan cl

day la mot van de thiet than doi v6i thanh nien hoc sinh hien nay NgUdi viet c6 the

ban luan ve mot so' khia canh ma minh tam dSc cua van de tU hoc (hoac ban ve ca

6 0 B A I V A N C H O N L O G ^ 3 1

van d

e do

) ban g

nhiing tha

o ta

c lip luan phu

hdp Ch u

i thtf

c cu

a nha

n loai: d

i giii

p an

h (chi) thU

c hie

n d

e ba

i do Ca

J.J Ru-x

6 v

a V Huy-go, ha

h ngtoi

g t

hi ngttog, muo

i ch

i tu

y thuo

c toi, to

g dvfdc"

Con V Huy-g

o th

i viet: "Ngifd

i t

a dvfd

c ti

l chii, ngiid

i t

a t

U do, ngUd

i t

a ngifng, ngifd

i t

a la

i di, khon

g c

6 gi

bo buoc, khon

tr

i 6c, mo

h d

i da

u th

i di, ngCfn

g da

u th

i ngijfng Ba

n sa

u

m6i va t

XUAN LAC

(Chu bien

)

ho Ba Be d Bic Can hay canh nui non b Thuy Si, canh trdi bien d Ha-oai Hoac khong muon hoc niia thi ta gKp sach lai, ching ai ngan ta ca

Ta lai dvfdc quyen lUa chon giao sU

Ta dvtdng hoc ho ma bo ngang, ho khong he gian, luc khac muoh hoc lai thi ho

wkn sin sang chi bao Giao sU cua ta nhieu v6 ke, ta tha ho hla chon Ho song dong

thdi v6i ta hoac tru6c ta ca chuc the ki, b ngay trong xii ta hoac each ta ca van cay so Het thay deu Ui than dem nhiing tinh hoa nhat cua ho ra day ta ma doi vdi ta le

phep va on ton, than mat nhii ban be

Nao phai ho chi day ta ma thoi Ho con an iii ta niia, ke le tam sU vcli ta Ta thfiy trong n6i buon kho, lo iSng cua ho, noi buon khd, lo l^ng ciia ta va ta hieu rSng chiing ta khong phai c6 doc trong the gi6i nay

[ ] Tu hoc con la mot thu vui rat thanh nha, no nang cao tam hon ta len Ta

thay nh\i tii hkc diidc mot cai cau giiia tam hon ta va tam hon cua cac danh nhan

trong muon thucl

Chic ban con nh6 Idi ciia V6n-te: "NgiiOi sieng hoc Ian Ian tU khoac cho minh

mot cai ton trong ma chiic tifclc, cua cai deu khong cho difdc"

[, ] Thieng heng thay sU tU hoc! M6i Ian vao mot thu vien cong cong, toi deu c6

cam giac rdn rdn ma lang lang nhii vao mot toa den [ ] 6 day khong c6 huong, khong CO tr^m nhiing c6 hang chuc hang tram ngifdi dang tung niem, vi doc sach c6

khac chi tung kinh va sach nao dijtog dSn ma chang la mot cuon kinh?

(Thee Nguyen Hien Le, Tii hoc - mot nhu cdu thdi dai,

NXB Van hoa - Thong tin Ha Noi, 2003)

Tham khdo them doan van diCdl day noi vi "mau chot cua thank dat":

Ma'u chot cua thanh dat la cl dau? Co ngifdi noi thanh dat la do gap thdi, c6 ngiidi

lai cho la do hoan canh biic bach, c6 ngiidi cho la do c6 dieu kien diidc hoc tap, c6 ngiidi lai cho la do c6 tai nang trdi cho Cac y kien do moi y chi noi t6i mot nguyen nhan, ma lai deu la nguyen nhan khach quan, ho quen m&'t nguyen nhan chu quan cua con ngifdi That vay Gap thdi tiic la gap may, c6 cd hoi, nhiing neii chu quan khong chuan

bi tlu cd hoi ding se qua di Hoan canh biic bach tiic la hoan canh kho khan buoc phai khac phuc Nhifng gap hoan canh ay c6 ngUdi bi quan, that vong, chan nan, thoi chi;

CO ngUdi lai gong minh widt qua Dieu kien hoc tap ciing vay, c6 ngUdi dUdc cha me tao cho moi dieu kien thuan Idi, nhvtog lai mai chdi, an dien, ket qua hoc tap rat binh thiidng Noi t6i tai nang thi ai ciing c6 chut tai, nhiJng no chi m6i la mot kha nang tiem tang, neu khong tim each phat huy thi no ciing hi thui chot Rut cuoc mau chot

ciia thanh dat la h ban than chu quan moi ngUdi, ci tinh than kien tri phaii dau, hoc

tap khong met moi, lai phai trau doi dao diJtc cho tot dep Khong nen quen rang, thanh

dat tiic la lam difdc mot cai ^ c6 ich cho moi ngUdi, cho xa hoi, diide xa hoi thiia nhan

(Nguyen Hvfotag, 7V6 chuyen vdi ban tri)

60 BAI V A N C H O N LOG <- 3 3

DEI:

Thdi trang noi gi?

y la

va'n d

e ca

p nha

i u n ra cho ch o ve dang die n de di ba t va li le t mo , c6 i quye a minh i gia n cu g td u kie c ch c h\J6n i do u duci i ne c ngifd t phu m pha i la Ba m thuye o nha p nhau doi la kien d

thdi tran

g do nhii th

e na

o ch

o ha

i hoa , hd

p H,

tU nhie

n de dem de

n ve dep khon

g ngifdi

loet, sa

c s3 , tran

t no , tha

m ch

i an mac c

6 hd

hang n txi t tha n xua i vo n tra h co ! An " ma n dai i "hie o - thd g sa g khon t ciin mot chu nong y qu c va i ma gai la a c6 , m u tien n da minh Ia ' me " bo "ra mat u ve ngiidi ye thon, d\ia

i o tii"? C y "mi " ha m thanh la "na u do g hie i khon g th n van day chuye i va a ta a ho deo c

i tran ) phon

g xe may nhi

i die

n giii

a nhiin

g pho ' san

g tron

nhat la mac th

e na

o de hoa don

g va

o loi song cu

a con

g dong , la

i phiidn

g Don

g th

i an mac pha

i ne

n na , ki

n dao , diin

(Chii bien )

diu dang Dieu do di nhien la dung, nhvTng chifa du vi nhu the chi m6i giQ difdc

ban sic dan toe ma chua hoi nhip difdc v6i thdi dai Trong xu the hoi nh^p toan

ciu hien nay, quan niem ve cai dep cua trang phuc da c6 sU thay doi Cai dep

phai gin v6i cai tien ich, phu hdp v6i cuoc song nang dong va tien len nhu vu bao cua con ngiicii Trang phuc phai tao ra ve dep khoe manh t\i nhien, thoai mai cua

con ngUdi lao dong sang tao - con ngUdi hanh dong Neu chu y se thay, cai ao dai truyen thong cua ngUdi phu nii Viet Nam, tuy vin giii ditdc net duyen dang tha thif6t cua no, nhilng da c6 nhiJng each tan dang ke phii hdp v6i thdi dai m6i Va

de phu hdp v6i cuoc song hien dai, chiing ta da c6 nhieu trang phuc khac nhau, trong do cai dep va cai tien fell da diidc ket hdp hai hoa de lam nen ve dep rieng

cua tijfng loai trang phuc: trang phuc cl cong sd, trong nha may, trong ham mo, trong nha trUdng, trong benh vien; trang phuc da hoi, di du lich, di tim bien, Trang phuc lam dep cho eon ngiicJi nhvfng con ngifdi phai biet svL dung trang

phuc Khong nen chay theo mot nay, mot no, nay thdi trang nay, mai thdi trang khac,

dan den minh la no le cho thdi trang chd khong phai lam chu thdi trang Can chu y

dieu cot loi sau day: thdi trang tni6c het phai phu hdp vcli minh (thi no m6i ton ve dep

cua ban than), sau n\ia phai phu hdp v6i nhutng ngiidi xung quanh de gop phan lam

dep cho cong dong (ci gia (finh, cl cong scl, nha may, trUdng hoc, khu pho' ) Ciing cai ao

ay thoi, vky ma eo ngiidi mac vao (dung luc, dung eh6) thi sang trong, dep, difde mov

ngifdi tan thudng; nhufng ciing eo ngiicJi mac vao thi lai keeh c6m, lo lang, gay phan cam, khong dUdc chap nhan Ban than cai ao khong c6 toi tinh gi, dieu quan trong la ngifdi s^ dung no c6 phu hdp hay khong? Ngiidi ta noi: "Net chxi the hien tinh ngifdi"; each an mac ciing bieu hien rat ro nhan each con ngUdi Nhin vao mot con ngiidi an mac nhii the nao c6 the thay difdc nhan each ngildi do ra sao Nguyin Du qua da het

siic tinh te khi gidi thieu nhan each Ma Giam Sinh inidc het qua each an mac cua y:

Qua riien trgx: ngoai tii tudn May rdu nhan nhui, do quan bank bao

(Truyen Kieu)

Nhan dan ta c6 cau: "Ngiidi quen xem da, ngUdi la xem ao" ciing la nhii vay B&

thdi trang chinh la van hoa mac Ma van hoa mac, tnicic het la Ui trong, sau niia la

ton trong ngUdi Co tu trong thi mdi ton trong ngUdi Do la van hoa Cfng xi trong thdi dai hoi nh&p khi eon ngUdi vui song v6i nhau trong cong dong nhan loai Trang phuc dau chi CO chuyen an mac ciia rieng titag ngUdi ma chinh la van hoa mac de lam dep cho loi song cua toan xa hoi, trong do c6 ve dep cua nhan each moi con ngiidi gop ph&i

"Ngifdi dep vi lua" Nhiing khong phai cH diip lua vao ngvfdi la dep Phai biet

svL dung lua do sao cho tot nhat, phu hdp nhat v6i trang phuc cua minh Trang

phuc ciia moi eon ngUdi chi dep khi no hoa chung v6i loi song cua dan toe, cua cong dong nhan loai

60 BAI V A N C H O N LOG •> 3 5

a di mac qua g ai le khon , c6 g cong i con y nd i ha h tra g doan g tron g thiJdn , thon chan dat

n t cu h he nhvfng phan y du t dfi bit ta y c6 c di.gia , hoa chan dat i di ma la h te ao chin

e i ngiidi t mo tru6c ma t ra a thi ca d ao, 16

Ngiidi t

a n6i

: "An

cho minh, mac cho

ngUbi", c6

le nhie

u ph^

n dung C

o sd-m

i la nhflng qu g c6 , nhiin n thiep o ca t na phap lua g c6 c khon g phu Tran phang tip

y i lec i tho e 16 g th i kh6n m ciid i da hoi D a xa n h6 la va , d6 n thu i tua m pha tic nga

h n c qui c ma g diid g khon dam tan i dU D m bun y la n ta , cha o nhem t nh thech, ma

ao lo

e loet , n6

i cvfd

i oan

g oang phuc xiing day: 'Y a da Ngufdi xif

ki di2c".

An ma

c ra sao cun

i cho i gia v6i ca g di d ciin o gi p ba i de , ca a nay Xif a th6i i m xau d h Ul m min , la thien ha

n i bie a ngiid chinh l g x\i t iitn , bie van hoa i c6 Ngiicf i tnldng i m6 p v6 phu hd t la di, nha

t i dung v6i no i di n pha c co hinh thii g ke , khon f the g nhu g don o con h va a min tu ho , c6 ga u c6 : "Ne a n6i n d a va t nh Mo hieu biet , c6 trinh do i c6 i pha n ngiid a co tiic l

i g i chan i to h th g min c thon bo 6 i c6 n to g khe a kh6n dep m n ao bo qua i vi i ch khen t6

c hd

p va

n h6a , hd

p da

o diic , hd

cua M.

Gor-ky: "Hay yeu sack,

no la nguon kien

thiic, chi diidng song" la con thvtc mdi CO kien

y ve sach Ba

n lua

n tii

c la

xet g die nhiJng phildn g ci i dun g th i dun ; nei e nao J th i nhi dung, sa i do u no xem ca

n i cii u n6 n ca n de n qua h lie ve sac n de c va m ca rong the , mb ban luan f d6 nao, ; tij

a

36 ^ NGUY6

N X UA

N LA

C (Ch

u Men)

M Gor-ky C M y d i sau vao h a i van de: "sach la nguon kien thvLc" va "chi c6 kien

thijtc mcli la con diidng song"

• Bai van tham khao

Le-nin noi: "Khong c6 sach khdng c6 tri thiic, khong c6 tri thvtc khong c6 chu

nghia cong sdn" Bac Ho cung chi ro ve viec hoc tap: "Hoc d dau? Hoc cl tnJdng, hoc cl

sach vcl, hoc l i n n h a u va hoc cl n h a n dan " NhU vky, sach quan t r o n g den the nao

ddi v6i cuoc song con ngiidi? Co phai v i the ma M Gor-ky da k h u y e n chiing ta: "Hay

Ldi khuyen ay t h a t t h i e t tha, chan t h a n h hdi do la mot Idi k h u y e n dung din

cua mot con ngifdi hieu sau s&c gia t r i cua sach N h a n dan t a t h i i d n g noi: " D i mot ngay dang hoc mot sang khon" H&n la M Gor-ky da doc nhieu sach va suy n g l m

nhieu t r e n nhving cudn sach t h i m6i due ket t h a n h mot chan H: sdch Id mot nguon

kien thtic D u n g nh\i vay Sach da tong ket trong do biet bao kie n thiJtc cua con ngifdi

tii khoa hoc t u nhien den khoa hoc xa hoi va n h a n van, tu: lich svL, dia U, khoa hoc,

cho den van hoc nghe thuat, Sach t a i hien cuoc song da dang va phong p h u cua loai ngiidi t r e n moi mien cua t r a i dat qua n h i i n g t h a n g t r a m , bien dong cua lich s i ,

noi len xidc md, k h a t vong cua n h a n loai qua cac thdi dai "Nh\i n h i i n g con c h i m k i

dieu trong truyen c6 tich, sach ca h a t ve viec cuoc song da dang va phong p h u n h i i the nao, con ngiidi tao bao nh\ the nao trong k h a t vong dat t d i cai t h i e n va cai dep" (M Gor-ky) M o t em be ban diem da chet v i gia ret trong dem giao t h t o cung v6i nhiing mong tiicing dep de dieu k i k h i em bay len cilng ngUdi ba t h a n yeu den cai the gicii h a n h phiic nha't cua t u d i t h d trong trSng M o t cu gia Bd-men da ddi mang song cua m i n h de ciiu song mot c6 gai va de l a i cho ddi mot kiet tac cua long n h a n ai:

chie'c Id cum ciing! M o t lao Hac t h a an ba cho de chet vat va, dau ddn c h i i khong ban

di mot sao dat cua diia con trai M o t giay p h u t sung siidng cUc diem k h i diidc ngoi trong long me sau bao t h a n g ngay chd ddi; mot cam xiic m6i la dang len trong ngay tUu t n i d n g dau tien cua ddi hoc tro; va ca cai t i i the hien ngang diidng hoang trong

t u nguc cua cac nha c h i si yeu niicic, Tat ca, c6 phai do c h i n h la cuoc song, la nguon

kien thiic ma sach da man g den cho ta, l a m cho t a cang t h e m gdn bo v6i the gi6i,

lam cho "ngiidi gan ngiidi h d n " n h i i N a m Cao tvtog noi Va M Gor-ky ciing noi n h i i vay: "Nhieu l i n toi khoc k h i doc sach: sach ke chuyen hay biet bao ve con ngiidi, ho

trcl nen dang yeu va gin g i i i biet bao"

Sach cung cap cho t a k i e n thiic va chi c6 kien thiic mdi Id con diCdng song T h i

hoi neu khong c6 kien thiic t h i con ngifdi se song ra sao day? Neu khong c6 kien thiic

t h i l a m sao con ngUdi c6 the ton t a i va phat t r i e n n h i i ngay nay? T a t ca deu nhd

n h i i n g t i m kiem, sang che, phat minh cua con ngiidi qua hang n g h i n n a m lich svL,

va n h i i n g dieu do deu diidc ghi l a i trong sach Neu khong c6 sach t h i kien thiic d i a con ngUcfi se m a i mot di, khong con nuta Sach quy gia biet bao k h i no da tich l u y

60 BAI V A N C H O N L O G 37

n min

h hdn, nha

n a

i hdn: d

h trd

thanh cuoh bach khoa toa

con diidng song

ma sach

i cuci

h sac

h de

u la mot ba

lang

Chang bang kinh siC

mot vdi pho

sach ^

Sach diia de

h sii,

van hoa, nhiin

g

truyen thong, nhiin

g kha

t vong

h phii

c v

a da

u kho, nhiin

ho

Sach con giiip ngifd

(Theo Lam

van 10,

NXB Giao due, H

N X UA

N L AC

(Chu

bien)

2 Phdi biei each doc sach

Muoh hoc gioi thi tru6c het phai doc sach Khong phai mot cuoh sach ma rat

nhieu cuon Nhifng sach rat nhieu khong doc xue thi lam the nao Tat nhien khong

the ba gi doc nay vi khong can thiet va c6 hai Phai Met chon sach ma doc Tuy

nhien, nhCtag sach diidc chon vin nhieu, nhieu ban nhin nhCtng chong sach day ma

long them e ngai

Nha bac hoc Trung Quoc la Hoa La Canh c6 mot cau noi noi tieng: "Biet doc sach

thi sach se mong" Cau do nghia la the nao? Moi cuon sach tot deu chiia diing rat nhieu tri thiic 16n nho Nhifng du phong phu, phiic tap nhif the nao thi moi cuon sach chi chiia diing mot so dieu cd ban nhat Cai cd ban va cai tinh tuy bao gid cung it, do

do doc sach ma biet nim lay cai tinh tuy, thi sach day se bien thanh mong la nhu vay

Doc the nao thi nlm bat dUdc cai tinh tuy? Tni6c het hay doc - hieu cuoh sach tvtog dong, tijfng trang, ttoig muc, tvfng chiidng, ren luyen Id nang doc chuan xac

Nhiing ch6 kho deu diidc tra cdu, tim hieu Tim hieu each dat van de, each phat bieu

y, n^m hkt mach suy nghi, cac bang chiing va ket luan Hi do mot muc c6 the tom

tat thanh vai dong, c6 the trich lay trong sach nhijtng cau van tieu bieu Cuon sach

sau khi doc xong c6 the torn liidc ^ao mot vai trang giay, nhu the khong phai "sach

day bien thanh mong" la gi?

Ngiidi ta vi ngiidi doc sach nhut con ong di hut nhuy Con ong chi hut nhiJng

nhuy hoa ma no can de lam mat Bay lUdn giiia rttag hoa, qua moi bong hoa, con ong

chi hiit lay phan hoa dem ve to, u thanh mat ngot Ngiidi doc sach cung vay, loc lay

tinh tuy tvf nhiing trang sach, u thanh tri tue cua minh, roi cong hien cho dong loai

Nhiing chi nhiing ai biet doc sach m6i lam diidc viec do

(Theo NgU van 10, SGK thi diem, bo 1, tap hai, 2003)

DE9:

Neu cugc song loai ngUbi thieii sach (de md)

• Hvfdng dan lam bai

Luan de neu len mot gia dinh: cuoc song loai ngiidi thieu sach Tvf gia dinh do, ngiidi ta tien hanh ban luan ve vai tro va tac dung cua sach doi vcli cuoc song ciia con ngifdi De bai dat ra mot van de rat rong de ngUdi viet c6 the tii do ban luan ve khia canh nao ma minh tam dac nhat, bang nhiing lap luan phii hdp vcli noi dung trinh bay Sau day la mot hiidng trien khai bai lam:

1 Th^ tiiSng tUdng neu cuoc song loai ngiidi thieu sach thi se the nao?

• B

ai va

n t ha

m kh

thiic va mot so

each lap ludn; tre

n cdsc

i do , an

m khao, st

thiic cua nhdn loqi

Sach cung ca

g che, pha

g co

n niia Sac

van chgn

loc 8)

40

• NG UY II

N X UA

N LA C

(Chii bien)