Bình giảng văn 12 chọn lọc

Bac Ho da khSng dinh quyen doc lap t u do cua dan toe ta bang chinh nhiing led le cua to tien ngiidi M i , ngiidi Phap da ghi trong hai ban Tuyen ngon Doc lap va va van hoa cua nhiing

807

TRAN DINH SU"

(Chu bien)

BINH GIANG VAN 12

C H O N L O G

N H A X U A T B A N DAI H O C SU" P H A M

Tdc gid

CO

irong sdch nay:

LE HUY BAG

- NH

I C

A NGUYEN

- PHA

N C

U Df

i NGUYEN

D AN G

DifiP -

PHAN HUY DUNG

- NGUYE

N HA

I H

A NGUYEN

K IM

HOI V

-U T

HI TH

U H I^

N

-DANG HIEN

- D

O DLf

C HIE

U LE QUANG

HUNG

- NGUYE

N

XUAN LAC

- HU Y

L I6 N

- NGUYE N

V AN

D AN

G MA NH

- TR AN H A

NAM -

D AO

T HU

t

NGXTi^N

- NGUYE N

P HU 0N G

- TRA

N DIN

H SU

" NGUYEN

T HA NH

TU

-NGUYEN TUAN

-

DO

NGQC THONG

Ma so : 02.02.918/93

3 PT200

9

BlNH

G IA NG V AN

vk gi

u ba

n quyen

L6I NOI DAU

Cac em hoc sink thdn men!

Muon hoc gioi vSn, viet dUdc bai van hay, dat diem cao trong cac ki thi tot

nghiep va thi dai hoc, dieu diu tien cac em phai hoc doc hieu van Hieu chfl, hieu

cau, hieu hinh tUdng, hieu ca tac ph^m Co thiic sU hieu roi mcii c6 cd sci de ma nhan dinh, danh gia, ttJfc 1^ binh lu^n ve gia tri, y nghIa cua mot tac pham Khi da c6 y roi

cac em se c6 diiu kien de l^m b^i vkn hay C6 y ki^n rieng, cam nhkn rieng, viet m6i c6 hiing thii, bM viet se c6 cam xuc, c6 mku sSc, ha'p din Rut cuoc ai doc hieu van c ^ g sau sic, c^ng c6 dieu kien lam vkn hay

Muon doc hieu thi phai doc ki, doc ch^m, khong c6 con diidng nao khac

So tac ph^m trong chUdng trinh 16p 12 cung khong nhieu, cac em hoan toan c6 the hoc tot

De giiip cac em hoc tot, chung toi tuy^n chon cac bai phan tich, binh giang c6 gia tri giiip cac em doc hi§'u Moi bai viet thUctog chi xoay sau, nhan manh vao mot

so diem nao do ma ludt qua diem khac, \ v k y chiing toi chon nhieu bai de cac em thara khao H^u het nhan de moi bai deu do chung toi dat de nhKn manh cac chu

di^m rieng Khi hoc nen doc tac ph^m trade, sau do doc tham khao, cuoi cung doc lai tac ph^m, suy nghi ve nhuttig diem thu vi, nhiJng diem chifa hieu, tim each hieu, chic ch&n cac em se thknh cong

Cac bai dUdc tuyen chon c6 each viet khac nhau, c6 ngifcJi phan tich chat che,

CO ngifcJi dien dat bay bu6m, gdi cam, c6 ngUdi viet de hoc, de thuoc, bai nao cung bo ich cho cac em Chiic cac em hoc gioi van

Nhan dip cuon sach ra mit ban doc chung toi xin tran trong cam dn cac tac gia

da vui long cho chiing toi tuyen chon va sii dung bai viet vao trong sach nay

Ngifdi tuyen chon TRAN DINH SLT

BtNH GIANG VAN 12 CHQN LQC ^ 3

phan tich tac pham cua Bac chila chii y dung miic

Doi v6i Bac Ho, moi van ban viet ra deu \h nhiing hanh vi chinh t r i tnic tiep

quyet dinh Viet cdi gi (noi dung)? va each Viet thenao (hinh thdc)? Nhxi the nghia la

viec xac dinh doi tifdng tac dong, thuyet phvic va muc dich chinh t r i cvia van ban la

van de then chot Khong nAm vflng dieu do, khong the hieu difdc chinh xac va d^y

du tac pham cua Ngiidi tit noi dung den hinh thiic ngh$ thuSt

Nam dUdc quan diem sang tac ciia Ngiidi chUa du, con can phai hieu dac diem ve mat the loai cua moi tac pham cua Ngifdi niia Van chinh luEln hay van

tham mi, thd tuyen t r u y i n hay thd nghe thuat, kh6ng phan biet diidc dieu do, sU

danh gia khong tranh khoi ho do Ngoai ra, con phai biet diidc phong each viet ciia

Bac nijta Net noi bat cua phong each vkn xuoi Bac Ho la gian di, trong sang, ngSn

gon, sue tich

n chin

h lua

n thuye

t phu

c le Ld g K g nhfln h ban h dic g dan i cun h th h dic u dan le, ne' g H hkng nhutn ngiicii ta

i g g chijtn g ban , nhuto t che n cha p lua g la , nhijfn h thep e dan g li l la nhfln a no khi cu

khong a

i cho

i ca

i difdc Va

n chin

h lu^

n ne

u c6 dung de

n hin

h anh, c6 gcfi de

e nh

u thtfa B

& vi

"Hdi dong bdo cd

nitdc" toi ( ) "Chung

trinh trong tuyen bovdi

thegidi rang^ nu6c v o ca g ba o don t ch Bac vie y la Nhii va

n Dociap

" chu

l co

n c6 muc dic

n ch

i c6 the Ne

Vay do'

i tUdn

g va muc dic

n ke c da , thU a Nam i h phi ngon th n Tuyen c ba o do c H i Ba , kh y r^ng n tha Ca hdn niJa

n n do p qua i gia o gia h va g min t Don y ma h (tha i An n do g qua u liin p sa Phap na

i y sa , ta i Thach g Gi6 n Tvfcin i bo c th a BS n cl phi , co g Diidng o Don n va g tie Nhat) dan

i u e hie g thvt ngon ciin n Tuyen t ba i vie NgUd n gi6i n b bie chuc sa , da c Mi e quo cua d

6 c6 the la

m ch

o Anh, M

ngon Doc lap khon

e Do n gian h dd t eac p mo c la o do tuyen b i de i ch g pha g khon , ciin u tUdng gidi trif

i h g din sU khin p va , Pha , Anh c Mi e quo bon d t la c he , tnid " d day e gidi tUdng "th

quyen t\i do doc lap cua dan toe, ci day dong thdi la mot cuoc tranh luan nhAm bac

bo li le cua bon xam lifdc tnidc d\l luan the gi6i

Trong tranh luan, de bac bo luan dieu cua mot doi thu nao day, khong gi thu vi

va dich dang hdn la dung chinh H le cua do'i thu Sy Ngifdi ta goi the la "lay gay ong dap liftig ong"

Bac Ho da khSng dinh quyen doc lap t u do cua dan toe ta bang chinh nhiing led

le cua to tien ngiidi M i , ngiidi Phap da ghi trong hai ban Tuyen ngon Doc lap va

va van hoa cua nhiing dan toe Sy Cach noi, each viet nhu the la vvfa kheo leo viia kien quyet'" Kheo leo, vi to ra rat tran trong nhiing tuyen ngon bat hu cua ngiidi Phap, ngiidi M i Kien quyet vi nhac nhci ho dvftig c6 phan boi to tien minh, diing c6 lam vSiy biin len la cd nhan dao cua nhiing cuoc each mang vi dai cua nii6c Phap, nu6c ^C, neu nhat dinh tien quan xam lUdc Viet Nam

Ngoai ra, mci dau ban Tuyen ngon Doc lap cua Viet Nam ma nh&c den hai ban

nghia la dat ba cuoc each mang ngang hang nhau, ba nen doc lap ngang hang nhau,

ba ban Tuyen ngon ngang hang nhau Mot each kin dao hdn, ban Tuyen ngon cua Bac Ho diidng nhif muon gdi lai niem t\l hao cua tac gia bai Binh Ngo dai cdo ngay

xUa, khi mci dau tac ph^m bang hai ve can xiing nhii de dat ngang hang trieu Dinh,

Li, Tran cua Nam quoc vcli Han, Diidng, Tong, Nguyen cua BSc quoc

Ma dang do'i, can xiing ciing la phai, vi cuoc Cach mang thang Tam 1945, thiic

ra da giai quyet dung nhiing nhiem vu cua hai cuoc each mang ciia M i (1776) va

cua Phap (1789) Ban Tuyen ngon da neu ro: "Dan ta da, ddnh do cdc xieng xich

thuoc dia Bac M i ra khoi ach thiic dan Anh Ban Tuyen ngon cung viet: "Dan ta lai

Day ciing la tinh th^n cd ban cua cuoc each mang nhan quyen, dan quyen cua Phap theki XVIII

Nhiing de doi thoai vcli bon de quoc xam lifdc, luc bay gid van de hang dau dat

ra la van de doc lap dan toe Dieu do giai thich vi sao ban Tuyen ngon Doc lap da

- "Tat cd mgi ngubl sinh ra cd quyen binh dang Tao hod cho hp nhHtng quyen khong ai cd the xam pham duac Trong nhiing quyen ay c6 quyen di/dc song, quyen

tU do vd quyen miiu cau hanh phuc Ldi bat hu ay d trong ban Tuyen ngon Doc lap

(Chu tick Ho Chi Minh, Sdd.)

nam 1776 cua ni

/dc Mi.

Suy rgng

ra, cdu

dy c6 nghia Id:

Tdt cd cdc ddn tgc tren

the' vd sung sUdng song, quyin c6 quyin ndo cung ddn tgc binh dang, ra deu gidi, sinh

quyin tvt do" Y kie

n "su

y ron

g ra

" ay qua d

a la mot don

menh cua niinh"^^\ i lua m ca the xe i c6 Vay th

g len

h khcl

i da

u n khS n tre c da a thU ehu nghi p dd lam su a se c di e thuo g ci ca h man p eac o ta cho ba

u da

i cu

a toa

n dan Nhifn

g cuo

e ehie

n da

u ay rat ca

o i lua c di g tnici a chun c cu m lifd e xa " cuo p hoa p pha n "hd n muo c da n thU a bo tra eu

n p lua thong la t he bang mo u ay u e^ e ye t dild giai quye ngon da n Tuyen Ba quoc te

n o kha g la g con e khoan n kho p muo n Pha e da ThU danh thep e va ehat eh Stic het

i g n nhuta vach tra ngon da n Tuyen Thi ba g if? g DUdn i Don i v6 g do a chun hoa cil

" cu

a chun

g tron

g 80 nam thon

g g tra e phon u ca m ma , t^ ba ki a re , chi n chu do da n tii i quye u mo u tie : th c ta tri nUci

o c phien g thuo c ban u do , d^ u dan h ng h sac h chin i han , th each mang c va yeu nii6, n "tii i khie nan do y ra , ga i cung , cuo g tuy n xUdn n ta vet de t vd e lo , bo nJdu eon

Qudng Tri den Bdc

Ki hcfn hai trieu

dong boo

ta hi chei doi".

i 'Hrong

5 ndm, chung dd

ban niCdc

ta hai Idn cho

Nhaf^' a chun a cii thuoc di g la g DUdn , Don n bo p tuye n Pha ThUe da

g va

chung c

6 p nii a Pha a cu c di a thuo eon l g eo g Difdn Nhifng Don g if? g DUdn lai Don quyen tvd

a thdnh ta dd 1940, nUdc thu ndm ti£ mita that Id : "Su h ro ngon vac n Tuyen dau? Ba

thuoc dia cua Nhdt,

chii khong phdi thuoc

dia cua Phdp niia.

Khi Nhdt hdng Dong nen nUdc quyin, lap gidnh chinh ndi day ta dd cd nUdc nhan ddn minh thi Viet Nhdt tit toy Viet Nam Igi nUdc dd Idy ddn ta that Id hod Sit chu Cong Nam Ddn

chit khong phdi til

tay Phdp".

Luan die

m nay, diin

g ve

y nghi

a pha

p H cUe k

i qua

n

H6 Chu tick trong

long nhan dan the

gidi NX

B Si

i that , H.

, 1979 , tr 96

trong No se dan t6i Idi tuyen bo tiep theo cua ban Tuyen ngon: "Bdi the cho nen,

Viet Nam" SvLc manh cua chinh nghla bao gid ciing dong thdi la stic manh cua sU

that Va khong c6 li le nao c6 sxic thuyet phuc cao hdn la li le cua sU that Vi the, Ngiidi viet Tuyen ngon luon luon lay di lay lai hai chii "sii thaf: "sU that Id ", "sU

that Id " Va cuoi ciing thi: "Ni/dc Viet Nam c6 quyen hi/dng tii do vd doc lap, vd si/

them am hiiSng hung bien ciia ban Tuyen ngon Day la he thong H le bac bo lu^n

dieu cua bon de quoc, thiic dan Con doi v6i dan toe Viet Nam? Dan toe ta c6 xiing

dang dvJde hifSng doc lap ttf do hay khong? Co dii i\i each lam chu dat nvf6e minh hay khong? Ban Tuyen ngon da diia ra nhOtng li le, khong phai de bac bo ma de

khang dinh:

Neu thiic dan Phap c6 toi phan boi Dong minh, hai Ian ban re Dong Diidng cho Nhat, thi dan toe Viet Nam dai dien la Viet Minh, da diing len ehohg Nhat ciiu

nU6c va cuoi eimg gianh diide chu quyen ti( tay phat xit Nhat

Neu thUe dan Phap hoc 16 tinh chat de hen, tan bao va phan dong cua chiing h

hanh dong "thdng tay khung bo Viet Minh, thdm chi den khi thua chay, chung con

giii thai do khoan hong va nhan dao ngay doi vdi ke thu da that the: "Sau cugc bien

cua ho"

Mot dan toe phai ehiu biet bao dau khd difdi ach thilc dan tan bao, da anh diing chien dau cho doe lap'tii do, da diing h4n ve phe Dong minh chohg phat xit, da

neu eao tinh than nhan dao, bac ai nhif the, "Dan tgc do phai dUdc tu do! Dan toe do

Tinh than khang dinh trong Idi ket luan, con dUdc tang cap len mot bac nuta: hiiclng doc lap tii do khong phai ehi la mot cai quyen phai c6, khong phai chi la mot

tif each can c6, ma do la mot hien thiic: "Ni^dc Viet Nam c6 quyen hicdng tU do vd

quyin tit do, doc lap ay"

Ngiidi ta goi bai Binh Ngd dai cdo cua Nguyin Trai la "Thien co hiing vdn" Ciing CO the noi nhii the ve ban Tuyen ngon Doc lap cua Chu tich Ho Chi Minh Tat nhien ban Tuyen ngon ra ddi khong con cl thdi ki van hoe nguyen hdp, van sil bat

phan nuta de diia vao bai chinh luan eila minh nhiing hinh tiidng hao hiing, tang

BINH GIANG VAN 12 CHON LOG ^ 9

tang 16

y nay , va

t la

p lua

n cha

t che , du

m va

n ho

a 16n , d

g sang , khii

c chiet , kin

do, v

i nha

n quyen , da

Chinh Bac H

chi V^n hoc va

lap b

Ba Dinh, Th

u d

o H

a Noi , th

i to

i dan

g

song cl Quy Nhdn Th

c ngh

e tien

g Bac , t

a B

a Trieu

: "Toi muon cdi

cOn

gio manh, dap luong

song dU

d bien khcfi, ddnh

duoi quan Ngd chii

khong chiu

lam ti thie'p" Cu

ban chvCc vdng minh

quo'c viCdng, chi dubng

tien quan len Bac,

muon dep Idn song

yeu nghiet, chi coy

phdn biet quo'c tho,

khong phdn biet chung

ddn Ta nay ra

quan de ciiu vdt

muon

ddn khoi nOi chim

chich luan bat phdn,

phie'n gidp bat hodn.

Ddnh cho sic tri

Nam quo'c anh hung

chi hitu chu" Sun

6 ca

c ca

u no

i ay , don

g thd

i v6

i no V

sil, d

gid Chinh tri v

a c

l gi

d

V6 Nguyen

Giap Nhiing

nam thdng khong the

nao quen.

NXB Quan doi Nha

10

<> TRAN

DINH SU"

(Chii bien )

Ngut van! The thi dau la cho khac nhau gii3a ba gici ay? Co le sd gid Van trung lap lai cac gid kia, toi biet c6 mot ong giao day van da dem so chut cua bai, so" cau cua bai Nhiing cau dai nhat va cau ng^n nhat Khong phai la v6 ich Toi cung t h i dem:

CO gan 20 chvi quyen Bai van nay la cua Chinh phu, chinh quyen diing trong the doi cac quyen ma viet No tiep tuc ban Yeu sack cua nhdn dan Viet Nam nam 1919 ciia Nguyin A i Quoc, ban yeu sach c6 ten la Quyen cua cac dan tgc No cung mcl dau cho Dieu I , Chiidng I cua ban Hiep phap nam 1980: "Niidc Cong hod Xd hoi Chit nghia

Hiep phap, Chifdng Quyen vd Nghla vu ccf ban cua cong dan

Cong dan c6 quyen tham gia quan U cong viec cua Nha nifclc va ciia xa hoi

Cong dan c6 quyen c6 nha d

Ngifdi lao dong c6 quyen nghi ngdi v.v

Va thoi, the la khong the nao khi giang van chi thuan ban ve van dvfdc Van da

an sang dia hat khac roi Ciing c6 H hikn cho rang lam nhvf the khong dung Giang

van thi hay quen di cai ngoai van, xa van nhif lich sxi, xa hoi, ddi tac gia v.v Theo

K luan ay thi hai cau "Cot dong Dong Han ndo dau thdy, Chi thdy Tdy Ho bong

niCdc giCdn^' c6 the la cua mot ngifdi yeu nu6c Thd noi cai cong Ma Vien ddi Dong

Han xay dong t r u chi la cong c6c Vi cuoi cung ton tai chi la ve dep cua dat nif6c Viet Nam ta

Ay the, nhuJng k h i biet hai cau nay la cua ten ban niidc Hoang Cao Khai, thi ta khong the giai thich nhif the nfla Ma cau thd lai c6 nghia the nay: Lich

Khi doc van Tuyen ngon ta khong the thuan noi chinh t r i , thuan noi Uch sh,

ma ciing khong the rut ve dem chut binh van 6 day la tim ra cai lien he, tUOng quan

giiia van va chinh t r i , Uch'sii, giuta van vcli tac gia, va giai thich vi sao van viet the nay chii khong viet the kia, van noi cai nay ma khong noi cai khac, vi nhutng lien

he, tiidng quan ay

Khong phai chung ta ap dung phifdng phap mac xit vao phe binh, nghien cutu

van hoc, m6i binh luan van bang each lien he den nhiing chuyen xa van, dang sau van, b ben ngodi van nhu vay Ngay Taine, ngay Nietzche, rat xa va c6 khi trai

ngiJdc ta ve quan diem, ciing da ap dung ba M vao cong viec phan tich M mot la

phong trao) luc c6 bai v a n '

V6i Jakobson, mot nha ngon ngut hoc noi tieng thdi nay, t h i cac yeu to' khia

canh can chii y phan tich khong phai chi c6 ba ma lai la sau Bdi van, ngUdi tiep

nhdn bdi van, ngubi phdt, hodn canh phdt vd nghe bdi vdn, nhiing sU hieu ngdm,

B I N H G I A N G V A N 1 2 C H O N L O G ^ 11

g Ba

c ci da

y c6 cho kha

c vci

i Ba

c ma

hom tra6c, ci ca

c cuo

c ho

p kia, Ba

c la ngUdi da

u 6 ma phdi cua minh, lanh dao nhan quyen hoi thiia khong thedbi : "Dang a bao Bac d

to ra

Id mot

ho phan trung thdnh

nhat, hoot dong nhat,

vd chdn that nhat"

a Dang, nhvfti

vdi the gidi rang "

do l

a Id

i ve cuoi cu

hoc Chdng thdng tay

chem giei nhiing ngitdi

yeu ntCdc thUcfng mdu Tii nhiJtng be ta trong nghia cua cuoc khdi tdm cdc ta Chung noi cua

do ngheo ndn" cxic kho, ta cdng do dan xich Tie tang xieng chiu hai dan ta

Vi tuye

n bo v6i th

n mo

the hdn, diin

g da

Ngiicii nhi

f Bac, can

g tha

y ro doi tildn

g ngh

e do, Ba

c da ttog cha

i c6 Hoi ngh

i Ho

a ifci

c Versailles, Ba

c da tim ga

p da

i bie

u ca

c nifd

"Dai dien i ki , du6 u sach c ye nhan dUd o da c ba d Ba U gt t th , mo - 1919 9 - 6 Ngay 1

Sii qudn Mt\g nga

y nga

y 20 , th

12

TRAN DIN H

STjr

(Chu

bien)

ong de ngay 18 • 6 - 1919 vd xin noi rang chung toi se trinh bay thii do Jen Tong thong" Ki difcli thu khong phai la ten dai bieu s\i quan hom qua, ma lai la "ThU ki rieng cua Tong thong Mt' Mi da he thay, danh hcii thay cai bat on cho ong ban

Dong minh Phap tai Dong Difdng nay Va lieu Mi c6 the nhay vao day chil?

Ngay nay nhan luc Nhat Ban bai tran, nhan liic ong ban Phap kiet que roi

Ml v6i tU each la Dong minh cang d i vao lap cho trong hdn Chiing ta hieu vi sao, ban Tuyen ngon da chan hong, chan ban tay cua M i bang each nh&c cho M i nhd Viet Nam da la mot dan toe gan gdc ditng ve phia Bong minh Ciing hieu vi sao m6 dau ban Tuyen ngon Doc lap cua ta lai la mot cau trong Tuyen ngon Doc lap nam 1776 cua M i Trong viec trich cau ay, c6 dieu cd ban nay, chinh yeu nay ciia Bac, la Bac muon cho Viet Nam ta tiep thu tinh hoa nhan loai Cau "Tat cd mgi ngiCbi sinh ra cd quyen binh dang " trong ban Tuyen ngon Doc lap ciia M i

la ket qua dau tranh gianh doc lap ciia nhan dan Mi Ban Tuyen ngon ay chinh

la "Tuyen bocdc xii thuoc dia la nhUng niCdc tyt do, doc lap tdch ra khoi pham vi cua nQ hodng Anh"

Ciing nhii vay, cau Bac trich tiep theo "Ngiidi ta sinh ra tU do vd binh dang

vi quyen Idi" tvi ban Tuyen ngon Nhan quyen va Dan quyen cua Cach mang Phap,

ciing la mot danh ngon ciia cac hoc gia thuoc phai Anh sang Phap the k i thut XVII

Ban Tuyen ngon nay c6 anh hiicing rat 16n trong cuoc dau tranh cua nhan dan

Phap chong phong kien

Bac trich Tuyen ngon Mi, Tuyen ngon Phap, ciing nhif b Di chuc, Bac trich thd

Do Phu, chiing to Bac, ngiJdi cua Viet Nam, ciing la ngiidi cua nhan loai Chinh vi the ma toan nhan loai kinh yeu Ngiidi Nhifng nhiing mot viec lam c6 the c6 hai,

ba dung y Nhutag cau Tuyen ngon trich kia viia la qua tao doi vdi chiing ta, viia la

qua hiu dan doi v6i ke thii "Khac chdng cho ra, nuoi chdng vdo" doi vcli bon chiing

Gay ong dap liing ong, cai gay ciia cha ong chiing Bac diing de dap ngay vao liing chiing, cai gfty doc lap tU do danh vao liing nhiing ke thii ciia doc lap tU do

Hoan canh ra ddi, phat va tiep nhan ban Tuyen ngon Ngay 25 - 8 Trung lidng cvi dong chi Le Diic Tho len don Bac tai Tan Trao, 26 - 8 Bac c6 mat d Ha Noi, 28 - 8

Bac va Thiidng vu Trung lidng da duyet xong danh sach Chinh phii lam thdi Va

ngay 2 - 9 Bac doc Tuyen ngon Tat ca trong ngoai mot tuan le

Dong chi V6 Nguyen Giap viet: "Bac da ve Ha Noi, sau tran 6m nang d Tan Trdo viia qua Bdc vdn chita lai sik The md bay gib ndo hoi hop, ndo di cong tdc, ndo tiep khdch, du cdc thii khdch, vd con chong chat rat nhieu cong viec khdc nhau niJCa Budi sdng, Bdc thiCdng ban den mUbi hai gib hodc mot gib tnia Luc xuong an, Bdc an theo mot chedg nhiC hei thay cdc anh em Idm viec d Phu Bdc bg bay gib, ccfm vbi thik dn dd nguoi lanh cd An xong, Bdc len Idu dUa ghe, chop mat mot Idt roi dihig ten, di hoi y vbi Thiibng vu cua Trung itOng, di lo gidi quyei cong viec, cvC don

B I N H G I A N G V A N 12 C H O N L O G <• 1 3

dap nhU the cho

tdi chieu toi, tdi

niCa dim.

Nhitng Bdc vdn nhanh

nken, sang suoi

trong mgi cong viec.

Chi trii nhitng luc

Bdc chap mat, thay

mo hoi

vd ra day trdn,

mdi biei Bdc da

cogdng qua siic nhii

a Giang , La

o Cai , Mon

i qua

n do

i Anh Co

"Chung ta

se trd lg,i Dong

Duong vi chung ta

manh hcfn,

Hd Nqi, chang dubng

gidi phong cuoi cung "

e no , v

Kho g

i lo

i va

n ay , de

ra tii ddi phuc

hong gay diMg tii

thud than truyen,

thdnh noi diic hdu

cfn sau"

nfia la T u

DTIC

viet a

m i hao ho

cao, the

Id c6 tqi, se phdi tong

di xa cho trieu

dinh ditdc nghiem Bdn

hod Id ngiCdi c6

cong, bdn chien Id

ke co tqi, phdp ludt that

Id dung dan " Va

14 ^ THAN

DINH SU" (Ch

u bien )

Ve doc lap: Mci d^u tac gia d i n ngay mot cau trong Tuyen ngon Doc lap cua

Mi Khong nhutng d i n lai con "suy rong ra" Suy rang ra, cau not ay cd nghia la: tat

cd cdc dan toe tren thegidi deu binh dang

Roi dan ngay mot cau trong Tuyen ngon Nhan quyen vd Dan quyen cua Phap

Sao lai Phap? Vi Phap la ke can phai chiu roi don cua chinh cau nay

Sau hai doan Tuyen ngon noi den quyen cao ca thieng lieng cua con ngifdi, cua

cac dan toe, doi choi lai la mot doan van dai ta cac toi ac trdi khong dung dat khong

tha cua thilc dan Phap Sau 13 chii quyen, quyen, la 14 cau, cau nao cung c6 chut chung mci dau nang nhu bua ta

"Chung tuyet doi khong cho nhdn dan ta mot chut tu do Chung thi hdnh

nhitng luatphap da, man Chung cUdp khong rugng dot, ham mo, nguyen lieu"

Va moi chQ chung ay, m6i toi ac cua chung ay, nhif tnit xuong nhutng chut ta

lam xiic dong long ngtfdi " cUdp ddt nUdc ta, dp hiic dSng bdo ta, tuyet doi khong cho nhdn dan ta mot chut tU do Chung ciidp boc lot dan ta den tan xiCOng tuy, khien cho dan ta ngheo nan, thie'u thon, nUdc ta xOxdc, tieu dieu "

Gan may chuc chut ta lien tiep nhif vay Vi ngiicJi nghe la ta la dong bao, nen Tuyen ngon da nhSc nhijtng dieu tren Nhifng vi ngiidi nghe con la Dong minh, nen Tuyen ngon da nhSc den mot toi ac khac cua Phap Doi v6i Dong minh, toi nay c6

khi con nghiem trong hdn nuta kia Do la toi Phap da quy goi dau hang Nhat, ke thu cua Dong minh, dang Dong Difdng cho Nhat lam mot can cil danh Dong minh

Phap khong con t\l each gi la Dong minh de trci lai day nijta Va dan ta da gianh doc

lap la tvf tay Nhat, chti khong phai tvL tay Phap, gianh bang sU noi day ciia chinh

minh, gianh tnldc khi Dong minh ben mang den xd nay Viet Nam da doc lap, do la thiic te (de fait) Viet Nam phai difdc doc lap do la theo cac nguyen tic (de principe)

• cua Hoi nghi CUu Kim Sdn cua cac nif6c Dong minh Van viet: "Nudc Viet Nam c6

quyen hiidng tU do vd doc lap, vd thUc te da trd thdnh mot nitdc tU do doc lap"

Chinh la nhan manh ca hai phia sU va H ay, Dong minh kho bat be mot li nao

Ve dan chu cgng hod: Van de nay quan trong ngang v6i van de doc lap Tham

chi mai sau khi doc lap khong con la van de riiia, thi cong hoa, thi xa hoi chu nghia,

cong san chu nghia, thi che do se irb thanh van de so mot kia Mac du the, ci day nhutng y ve che do difdc thu nho lai va nhd hai ban Tuyen ngon cua hai che do cong

hoa khac noi thay cho Van kien chi noi c6 hai cau, nhvtog hai cau da thu tom ca lich s^ da qua va lich sut trvfdc mlt:

"Phap chay, Nhat hang, vua Bdo Dai thodi vi Dan ta lai ddnh do che dp quan chu may mildi theki md lap nen che do Dan chit Cong hod"

Viet Nam dan chu cong hoa, mai sau se la Viet Nam xa hoi chii nghia ay, luc

ay chi c6 cai ten gian ddn: "niidc Viet Nam mdi Chung toi, Chinh phu Idm thbi cua

BINH GIANG VAN 12 CHON LQC <• 15

nUdc Viet Nam mdi,

dai bieu cho toan

nhdn dan Viet Nam ".

c nhfln

g y c

l ngoa

i Idi, ci sa

u Idi

Ve van

de Viet Nam b trong

phe Dong minh: c nif6 a ca ngon cu h Tuyen c tric Giijfa vie

n n cuoi h ga g min c Don c niid a ca n cu m Sd u Ki i CU i ngh a Ho c cu n ta nhiing nguye, g e Don g ph g tron m diin t Na g Vie g nhOn Khon u the kien c c sU ra ca n ke van kie

minh m

a la gan go

g nhfln

g d&ig, m

a la

ndi g min e Don g y v Nhiin a minh g cu h man c eac m cuo y la i da h no c min g sii day, b^n

h bieu diidn vi(a tU g la o ciin i na , chi e thuat t ngh la mo n do i va p ba n kha a tre rai r

'Todn the

dan toe Viet Nam

quyet dem tat cd

tinh than

va lUc lii

dan toe

da, gan goc

diCng

ve phe Dong minh

chdng phdt xit may Hai Ia doc lap" phai dUdc toe do do! Dan dUOc tU do phai dan toe nam nay,

hang The

Id chang nhitng chung

khong "bdo ho"

dUOc Nhat" Idn cho ta hai bdn nitdc chung dd 5 nam, lai trong ta, trdi

i chi

i "ba

o ho

" day Va

a chi

i "ba

o ho

" ay, no khong gion

g ca

i c me" , "niid u quoc i ml c chi i ca ngang v6 " ay o ho i "ba , chi n nao i die nghia ti

Nhd nhiin

g siJ hieu nga

i tvf nam 192

2 da diing de

trong tac pham 6 tap chi Cong sdn Phap ngay 14 - 5 - 1921, Bac viet: "Do lich sie

tinh truyin bd chu nghia cong sdn"

The nhung 23 nam sau, khi lam Chu tich mot mldc Cong hoa, vi sao trong ban

Tuyen ngon khong c6 chiJ cong san ay? Va sSp xep cac giai cap nhvi cl cau sau nay,

cung khong phai la each sSp xep cua mot ngifdi cong san, thUdng hay xep cong nhan len tren het; cong nong di v6i nhau ngay:

Chung "lam cho dan ta, nhdt Id dan cay vd dan buon, trd nen ban cung Chung khong cho cdc nhd tiC sdn ta ngoc ddu len Chung bdc lot cong nhdn ta mot each vd

Cling tdn nhdn"

Trong ban Tuyen ngon Doc lap le ra nen nhic chuyen nghin ddi, va nhkc den

nhiing ke thvi nghin ddi cua dan toe Viet Lich sic nUdc ta {ivi nam 2979 tnf6e Cong

nguyen den nam 1942) Bac c6 den hang ehue cau nhin ke thii ay:

Keo qudn dp biic giong noi Viet Nam

roi:

Ddnh Tdu duoi sgch ra ngodi

Cong Mai Hac Bediing ra ddnh Tdu dng Trdn Hitng Dao cam ddu Diing mitu du kich ddnh Tdu tan hoang

May Idn ddnh duoi qudn xdm gidc Tdu

The sao ci day khong nhae mot ehien cong nao nhif vay?

Chung ta nhin lai hodn cdnh: Hoa quan sip nhap Viet roi, chung ta nhin lai

ngiCbi nghe: trong Dong minh hoi ay c6 Tau, chung ta nhin lai ngi/cn noi: Bac bay gid vHa la Nguyen Ai Quoc, viLa lam nhiem vu Ho Chi Minh Chu tich Ho Chi Minh vHa dai dien cho Dang viXa dai dien cho mot Chinh phu lam thdi, trong ay c6 \im ke

than Tau va Chinh phu ay c6 quyen hoac duyet tnfde hoac phan ling sau ban Tuyen

ngon Bac doc

Nhiing gifla ngiidi noi va nhan dan da c6 mot hieu ngam 16n, mot thong cam 16n Cling mot each hieu ngira rieng de dien dich Idi van Theo code ay, ong Ho Chi

Minh tiic la ong Nguyin Ai Quoc Va nhu the Viet Nam mdi tiic la Cong hoa dan

chu roi, Cong hoa xa hoi chu nghia mai sau nfla Ciing theo code ay, thi c6 nhiing dieu ta khong noi, khong can noi het, nhiing ta se lam nhieu

"T6i noi dong bdo

nghe rd kkong?'.

g ma

n hdn , don

toe an

h hiing Th

rd

khong?'

Thiia Bac , Ba

c d

i x

a roi , nhiin

, 1987

)

Ba i3 :

BA

N H UN

G V AN C UA D AN T

OC

Ph an H

I LI CH SU" CU

-a s-a

u ngay

Chu tich

Ho Ch

i Min

h ti i

da da

t de

n din h

18 A TRANDtNHSlJ(Chubi6n)

I L DOI TtrONG TAG D O N G VA MUC D I C H H l / d N G T6I CUA TUYEN

NGONDOCLAP

Minh Hai vftn de viet cho ai va viet de Idm gi da difdc Ngiidi quan triet that sU

sau sac

Can CTj[ vao cau chiJ ndi tren be mat van ban, ta biet doi tifdng hiJ6ng tdi tnfdc

het cua ban Tuyen ngon chinh la dong bao ca midc va nhan dan the gicli noi chung Dieu nay mang tinh chat hien nhien, khong c6 gi phai ban cai

Tuy nhien, van de doi tiidng tiep nhkn ban Tuyen ngon Doc lap khong hoan toan ddn gian nhu vifa tiinh bay Su thiic \k khi viet Tuyen ngon Doc lap, Ho Chi

Minh con nghi den sU tiep nhan n6 cua lu ke cii6p dang mUu toan bop chet chinh

quyen each mang non tre cua chung ta L u ke cxidp do la quan Tu^ng Gicli Thach cl phia Bkc va quan Anh cl phia Nam Di sau Ivfng quan Anh la quan Phap Do dang

nuoi ke hoach tai chiem Dong Difdng nen Phap da tung ra luan dieu: Dong Diidng von la thuoc dia cua Phap, Phap c6 cong khai hoa xii sd nay nen bay gid trd lai la le difdng nhien khi phat xit Nh&t da bi Dong minh danh bai

phap cua Chinh phu lam thdi nU6c Viet Nam Dan chu Cong hoa va dap tan nhuing lu^n dieu xao tra ma bon de quoc difa ra nhSm don dildng cho mot ke hoach xam li/dc mdi

H I BO c u e VA T f N H THUYET PHUC TRONG CACH LAP L U A N CUA

BAN TUYEN NGON

Chi Minh da d i n ra nhCtag Idi bat hu trong ban Tuyen ngon Doc lap 1776 cua M i va ban Tuyen ngon Nhan quyen va Ddn quyen 1791 cua each mang Phap Day la sii mci dau c6 can nhkc ki, the hien each danh dich bang chien thuat "g4y ong dap liing

ong" (dung H le cua ke thii de phan bac lai chung)

V6i hai doan trich d i n tieu bieu, Ho Chi Minh muon nhkc \u de quoc nh6 lai

nh-ang Idi day chi U cua cha ong chiing v6i mot chiit ran de: hay coi chvtag, cac ngUdi

dang di ngUdc lai nhflng U tUclng cao quy ma moi ngiidi thijfa nhan, dang lam vay

b^n ngon cd nhan dao ma to tien cac ngifdi ttfng giUdng cao

Cung v6i phan trich dkn nay, Ho Chi Minh da lam sang to tinh chat hdp

quy luat cua each mang Vi^t Nam trong xu the ^hat trien chung cua each mang the

u da noi, H

o Ch

i Min

h gia

n h ch n lin i ba m - ca t Na i Vie a ngifd g cu g van a vQn n ho h va n En h ba g din tiep khan

o c va a kha n ho n va c ne a ca a cu h qu g than c nhiJn a difd chuyen ho u va p th a tie phep t

o Ch

i Min

h da chi ro: cuo

d uy tin khon

g ai choi ca

i the

m la trong kh

cua quyen tinh cha " tvi g c6 h dan "suy rong Su n bin a c6 g quye tiicing d i san c tif n ngiid n ca nhan co phat trie a ca chu y m cu h da m pha i Min a xa o Ch t kh Idi ba Phap, H

t o g tra o phon a ch y y nghi n da p h lua g go mot don a la e qu n to c da a ca n cu difdng nhie

g i Min o Ch , H n nay g pha Tron n le i ba t ca f mo t nhi h cha c6 tin h va h tin nhieu kic

h n khon i 16 nhiing to y ro i tha e gid n th n da o nha h ch chijtng min e de g li l p trun da ta

g h t eac i mo e no o th C t Nam e Vie n to i da i vd p do n Pha c da a thii i cu g thi the dun

ng^n go

n ve toi cu

a thU

c da

n Phap Nhie

i cuo

Dau tien, ta

p u th rat c g do n chiin c da Ca n de t pha h cha g tin g man n chiin t da t loa bang mo

e hod tri, van : chinh m Idn i nho n ha p tre p hd c ta chiing diid n vi n die t toa g ra ma ciin

o ho, thii

c da

n Pha

p da

dat dUd

c u ca m ma , ta ba ki a re , chi n chii do da n tii i quye u mo u tie : th h tich" nhiing "than

c n ta c da u do , di u dan h ng h sac h chin i han , th each mang c va u nvfd o ye phong tra

bang thuo

c phien, riid

u con, vd vet ta

i nguyen, cu

a cai, da

t ra nhieu thu

li, chen ep cac nha t i i san Viet Nam, lam ban cung hoa cac tang 16p nhan dan lao dong,

Trong phan tiep do, de dap lai nhiing Idi khoe cong "bao ho" cua bon thvtc

dan, ban Tuyen ngon da chi ro: "trong 5 nam, chung da ban nii6c ta hai Ian cho

Nhat" va vi hanh dong do ma chiing da gay nen nan doi tham khoc cuoi 1944 dau

1945 Khi noi den sU dau hang cua Phap, ban Tuyen ngon muoh chi cho phe Dong

Minh thg^y rang thiic dan Phap da phan boi ho, da khong chiu lam theo chu trifdng lien ket cac lUc lifdng chong phat xit cua ho, te hdn, da hen ha giet nhieu t u chinh

tri khi chay tron Nhat Dac biet, khi de cap van de nay, ban Tuyen ngon da ch&ig minh tinh chat dieu tra cua cai lu£ln dieu cho r^ng: Dong Difdng vkn la thuoc dia

ciia Phap, Phap van c6 quyen cai t r i Dong Dudng Ho Chi Minh da may Ian dung

hai chii "sii that" de h' le dua ra cua ban Tuyen ngon them vutag vang, chat che: "Su

that la tif mua thu nam 1940, nildc ta da thanh thuoc dia cua Nhat, chii khong phai thuoc dia cua Phap nQa", "Su that la dan ta da lay lai nii6c Viet Nam tuf tay Nhat

chii khong phai tvi tay Phap"

Cach diing tvi cua Ho Chi Minh trong phan viet nay het siic dich dang

Trong dai tif "chung" diidc lap lai nhieu Ian de chi bon thUc dan Phap ta thay don t u

bao sU cam gian va khinh bi Them vao do, v6i cum tvt "quy go'i dau hang'', tac gia

da thiic sU phdi tran ban chat de hen cua ke luon v6 ngiic t u xifng minh la an nhan

ciia ngiidi Viet Nam

Sau tat ca nhCfng Idi buoc toi day can cii tvi goc do cua nan nhan, ban Tuyen

chung toi Lam thdi Chinh phu cua nii6c Viet Nam mdi, dai dien cho toan dan Viet Nam tuyen bo thoat l i han quan he v6i Phap, xoa bo het nhutng hiep if6c ma Phap da k i ve niidc Viet Nam, xoa bo tat ca moi dac quyen cua Phap tren dat nU6c Viet Nam"

L6-gic cua van de ci day qua la mot 16-gic thep!

3 Phan neu cao vai tro lanh dao each mang cua Viet Minh cung siic m a n h c u a kho'i doan ket toan d a n

•

Trong khi lot bo cai mat na gia nhan gia nghia cua thiic dan Phap, Ho Chi Minh da dong thdi lam ro vai tro lanh dao each mang c6 hieu qua va khong the phu nhan cua Viet Minh ciing nhif no lUc cua toan dan Viet Nam quyet tam gianh tii do, doc lap

Ban Tuyen ngon da nhieu Ian dong nhat Viet Minh v6i dan toe, khang dinh

Viet Minh la mot to chiic each mang chan chinh da diing ve phe Dong minh chong phat xit, da lanh dao dan toe "danh do cac xich xieng thiic dan gan 100 nam nay de gay dung nen nU6c Viet Nam doc lap", da "danh do che do quan chu may mUdi the

B I N H G I A N G V A N 12 C H O N L Q C 21

c vie

n d in thiic t

IV KE

T L UA

N

Tuyen ngon Doc lap

AN D IN

H SU

" (Ch

u bign )

TuantM4

PHAMVAND6NG , NGUYEN DINH CHIEU, N G 6 I SAO SANG

TRONG VAN NGHE CUA DAN TOG

Bai 1:

MOT BAI VAN NGHI LUAN SAU SAC VA CAM DONG

Do Ngoc Thong

1 Lau nay, trong chifdng trinh mon Ngfl van b nha tnfdng pho thong, van nghi

luan chi diidc chii trong ci phan Lam van; viec phan tich, doc - hieu, giang van cac

tac ph^m van nghi luan it difdc chu y So tac ph^m nghi luan hien dai dufdc difa vao giang van, phan tich va hif6ng din hoc sinh doc - hieu la rat it so v6i van chifdng hinh tUdng (truyen ngftn, tieu thuyet, but ki, thd, v.v ) Viec day va hoc mot so tac pham nghi lu£ln (trung dai va hien dai) cung con phien dien Khi phan tich nhiing

tac pham nhu Hick tiidng si (Tr£n Quoc Tuan), Dai cdo hinh Ngo (Nguyen Trai),

Tuyen ngon Doc lap (Ho Chi Minh), phan 16n giao vien va hoc sinh chi chu y den

noi dung, tap trung khai thac tU tifcing yeu nvicic, cam thu giac, tinh than quyet chien, quyet thing, niS'm tu h^o dan toe, v.v Viec khai thac nhiing noi dung, tii

txidng sau sic trong cac tac puam % la hoan toan dung, tuy vay neu chi c6 the thi

jhiia dii, can thay diy con la nhang ang van nghi luan miu mUc Tiic la can phan tich, hinh gia ve dep nghe ihuat cua nhiing ang van do Noi dung hdn la phai xuat

phat tii dac tning v&n nghi lufin, tii cac yeii to hinh thiic nghe thuat cua loai van nay de chi ra ve dep cua noi dung, hi Uidng Qlimg c6 nghia la thay difdc sU gin bo

giiia noi dung va hinh thiic cua van ban - tac phiim

Vay dac tning cua van nghi luan la gi? Nfoi mot each khai quit, van nghi hxkn

la mot the loai nham phat bieu tii tiicing, tinlh cam, thai do, quan diem ciia ngiidi

BIN H GIANG VAN 12 CHON LOG 2 3

c hoa

c chin

h tri, da

o dijtc, lo

, chu

a da

y du Ne

h tiidng Do

la lo

i i\i

duy g nha ) nhfln i noi Go6c-k T M " (nhv a ra , "bi o ra sang ta g de g tifdn i tu6n o tr diia va

n g n khon i lua n ngh Va e thuat m ngh c pha c ta g ca tron h tiet, , tin u chuyen vat, ca

dung hi

f cau, khon

c nh^

m tnn

h n ngh , va h tUdng n hin i va c v6 Kha i viet cua ngUd o do m na n die , qua u tUcing bay t

i lap luan e va g h l u ban u ye c ch i do c ngifd t phu a thuye tifcing v y tif h ba luan trin h te t tin quan sa g 6c y d\in , xa g tifdng i tUcin h tr h thic m kic cau nh^ n hu f va Neu nhv

m ph

a ho

n nhie

n ve thien nhien

e thuat t pha i vie , ngUd c cao t phu siitc thuye n c6 i va De ba

i dil

a ra nhiing U

le, nhiin

g c i da i do t kh p ngiid Mo u ra n giu t ne p lua va la ngutdi vie i le L n de c dang vao va , xa c tin i do u bieu g tie m ngiid g la g chtto g chijtn cac ban n va lap lu& hieu,'c6n ban

hieu v

a tin tiic la

da b

i thuye

t phuc L

g y kie

n ay thifdng l

a cii

a nhfln

g ca nhan c

6 uy tin (ca

c lan

h i lua n ngh i va a ba le cu Li , v.v ) a 16n n ho a va , nh a hoc a kho , nh a van c nh tu, ca

n y li h ba c tiin h thii a eac luan l n lap , co i viet a ba m cu n die c lua g ca e thon n ci h the hie

i viet a ti m cu san pha g la i chun n no i lua van ngh

i du

y 16-gie, su

n Din

h Sit , Nguyi

phai ro rang, lap luan phai chat che, van phong phai sang sua, bao dam do chinh xac, giau siic thuyet phuc, Tuy nhien, noi nhii the khong c6 nghia la van nghi

hikn chi trinh bay van de mot each kho khan, triiu tifdng, tii choi moi cam xuc va

hinh anh Trai lai muon tang them stic thuyet phuc, ben canh viec "go" vao U tri, bai van nghi luan can tac dong manh me vao tinh cam cua ngUdi doc Muon the, ngiidi viet van nghi luan can phai c6 tinh cam, cam xiic cao do Ngon ngQ van nghi luan cung

cin phai hap din, loi cuon bang cac tii ngU giau hinh anh va c6 stjtc bieu cam cao

Bai Nguyen Dinh Chieu - Ngdi sao sang trong van nghe dan toe la mot bai

van nghi luan tieu bieu, sau s^c cua co Thu tii6ng Pham Van Dong, vi the khi phan tich, doc-hieu, khong the khong chii y den nhCtng net dac trvfng cua van nghi

luan vvtSi neu

2 Ngay cau mci dau bai viet, tac gia Pham Van Dong da nhan manh "Ngoi sao Nguy§n Dinh Chieu, mot nha thd 16n cua nif6c ta, dang le phai sang to hdn nuta

trong bau trdi van nghe cua dan toe, nhdt la, trong lue nay" Liic nay la luc nao?

Thdi diem ay rat eo y nghia doi v6i viec tim hieu, phan tich bai van nay C5 cuoi bai viet, tac gia ghi ro: "Nhan ki niem ngay mat cua nha thd Do Chieu (3 - 7 - 1888),

dang tren Tap chi Van hoc thang 7 - 1963" Nhvfng nam 1963 va quang thdi gian do

la nhiing nam thang nhif the nao? Vao luc Sy, dan toe ta, dat nii6c ta dang xay ra

nhCtng sU kien gi trong dai, nhat la b Nam Bo, d Ben Tre, que hvfdng eua nha thd Do Chieu? Va tai sao trong boi canh lich svi do lai cang can lam sang to hdn ngoi sao

Nguyin Dinh Chieu?

Co the noi do la nhiing nam thang ca mien Nam song trong mau 1^, ehiu diing biet bao hi sinh mfil'mat, dau thifdng ma vln ngang cao dau Nh€fng thang nam bi hvmg ay eon in dam trong thd To HiJu:

Co nhitng oijg gia no khdo tra Chang khai, no chem giiJta san nha

Co chi gdn sinh, khong chiu nhuc Lay vo no dap, vot thai ra

Oi keldm sao hei diCdc anh!

Bao nhieu mau ehdy, hay dong kenh Phai chi em gM cho anh duac Nam dat dang nong lica dau tranh!

(Ld thie Ben Tre)

Do la nhiing nam thang chinh quyen Ngo Dinh Diem diide sUung ho cua quan

Ml, nim chic bo may canh sat va quan doi, trien khai quoc sach to eong, truy na

nhiing ngifdi khang chien evi, biie hai nhiing gia dinh c6 ngifdi theo Caeh mang, le

B I N H G I A N G V A N 12 C H O N LOG <- 2 5

m 1960 , M

i quye

t din

h ta

i trci , nga

i san

g "Mien

Nam trong liCa dan,

sang ngdi"

(To Hflu) Han

g de

t Vinatexco , han

h vien Han

n (nga

y 1

1

6 1963); Thic

& \

tii

xifa de

n nay , th

a s

i khac , nhiin

g pha

i

nglu nhien nha th

d L

e An

h Xuan , ngiid

Tdm nam

xa que hilcfng

Tram nam gdn Do

Chieu

Nay long

ta cang hieu:

Th(3 la sung, la

mot Id

i

trach nh

e nhang : Th

RA

N D IN

H SU

" (Ch

u bien )

dan toe khong c6 gi mdi Chung ta deu Met Le Thanh Tong da vi tam hon Nguyen Trai sang nhii sao Khue "l^c Trai tam thilOng quang Khue tdo"; Hoi Tao Dan cua Le

Thanh Tong cung c6 28 nha thd diidc goi la nhi thap bat tii (28 ngoi sao) Cach neu

"Tren trbi c6 nhihtg vi sao c6 dnh sang khdc thiCdng, nhUng con mat cua chung ta phdi cham chu nhin thi mdi thdy, vd cdng nhin thi cdng thdy sang Tha van cua

nay chung ta chifa thay het anh sang dac biet cua ngoi sao Nguyin Dinh Chieu

Ciing tii day Pham Van Dong chi ra nhijfng han che trong viec nhin nhan thd van Nguyen Dinh Chieu: mot la chi biet Nguyin Dinh Chieu la tac gia Luc Van Tien va

hieu tac pham nay ciing con thien lech; hai la it biet thd van yeu nifclc ciia Nguyen

Dinh Chieu "khue ca hiing trdng cua phong trdo yeu nitdc chdng hgn xdm li/cfc

Dinh Chieu la ngifdi the nao? Ngiidi ta hieu thien lech vetac pham Luc Van Tien ra sao va can hieu the nao m6i dung? Thd van yeu nxidc cua Nguyin Dinh Chieu viet

ve nhijtag gi va c6 nhiing tac pham nao tieu bieu? Co the n i t ra bai hoc ^ tii cuoc dcii

va sU nghiep thd van Nguyin Dinh Chieu? v.v Day ciing chinh la noi dung cd ban

ma tac gia Pham Van Dong muoii phan tich va lam sang to trong bai viet Nguyen

Dinh Chieu, ngoi sao sang trong van nghe dan toe

De the hien toan bo noi dung cd ban viia neu, bai van diidc to chiic theo bo cue va ket eau ba phan rat chat che, ro rang, sang siia Trong phan mci bai, tac gia

neu len luan diem trung tam bSng mot eau van khai quat: "Ngoi sao Nguyin Dinh

Chieu, mot nhd thd Idn cua niCdc ta, dang le phdi sdng to hcfn nSa trong bdu trbi

diep n h i m n h i n g^i den ban doc: Nguyin Dinh Chieu, nha thd 16n cua dan toe

can phai diidc nghien c\i\i, tim hieu va de cao hdn niia Nhif de giai dap nhiing ban khoan trong long doe gia, b phan than bai, Pham Van Dong Ian liidt neu len

ba noi dung cd ban:

* - Mot la: gi6i thieu net dac sac ve cuoc ddi cua Nguyen Dinh Chieu (tra Idi cau hoi: Nguyin Dinh Chieu la ngiidi the nao?)

- Hai la: gi6i thieu gia tri thd van yeu nxidc cua Nguyen Dinh Chieu (Thd van Nguyin Dinh Chieu viet ve cai gi va c6 nhiing tac pham nao tieu bieu?)

- Ba la: khang dinh lai gia t r i tac pham Luc Van Tien (Can hieu day d u tac

ph^m Luc Van Tien nhii the nao?)

Khang dinh Nguyin Dinh Chieu la nha thd yeu nii6c, tac gia lap luan: "Vi mu

ca hai mit, nen boat dong ciia ngvidi chien si yeu nvf6c Nguyen Dinh Chieu ehii yeu

la thd van" Ma thd van Nguyin Dinh Chieu la tam giidng "soi sang tam hon trong sang va cao quy la thiidng cua tac gia", dong thdi "ghi lai lich sii ciia mot thdi kho

B I N H G I A N G V A N 12 C H O N L Q C <- 2 7

nhuc nhifng vT dai" Gi6

o phon

g nay

m Va

n

Dong khang dinh: "Th

va kho nhuc cua da

bai va

n te , c

n Din

h Chieu , Pha

Trai Ngifd

i do

c nh\i

cam nhan dUdc ta

i thd

i buoi , nhufn

g mo

t da

n toe Ba

Bai van te

nghia si Can Giuoc

g v in hien

ngang: "song ddnh giac

thdc

cung ddnh giac muon

kiep nguyen diidc trd

thii kia ".

Khong chi c

midc

khac ciia Nguyen

Dinh Chieu, on

i l

a mo

t v

i du

mot Ia

n niia , Pha

e no

i dung , ta

la nhijtag

con ngUdi dan

g kinh , dan

g yeu

,

trong nghia khinh tai, trutci

c sa

u mo

t long , ma

c da

u kh

o cUc , gia

n nguy , quye

i nh6 , c

DINH SU"

(Chu bien)

xem lai, siia chiia Van ban tac pham cung chi la ban sao, khong con nguyen ban

nuta Tat ca nhving H do ay cho thay du con "mot doi ch5 sd sot ve van chUdng"

nhifng v i n "khong the lam giam gia tri van nghe cua ban tnfdng ca that hap d i n tii

dau den cuo'i" nay DUdng nhii ngifdi viet muoh kh&ng dinh: Neu khong c6 gia t r i

van chUdng thi tai sao Luc Van Tien rat pho bien trong dan gian, nhat la d mien

Nam "Ngifdi ta thich Luc Van Tien, ngiidi ta say sUa nghe ke Luc Van Tien, khong

chi vi noi dung cau chuyen, con vi van hay cua Luc Van Tien"

Ket thuc bai viet, Pham Van Dong neu len bai hoc n i t ra tu: cuoc ddi va sU nghiep cua Nguyin Dinh Chieu: "Ddi song va sii nghiep cua Nguydn Dinh Chieu la

mang cua ngUdi chien si tren mat tran van hoa va tii tifclng."

Tii day ngiidi doc c6 the thay, dieu dang tran trong, kinh phuc doi vcti cuoc ddi

Nguyen Dinh Chieu la tam giJdng choi sang ve tinh t h i n yeu n\idc chay bong va long cam thu giac sau sic Quan diem thd van cua Nguyen Dinh Chieu dang tran trong d cho ong luon dung thd van lam vii khi chien dau chong lai bon xam lUdc, de

cao chinh nghia, ngdi ca dao diic dang quy trong ci ddi

Vdi bai Nguyin Dinh Chieu, ngdi sao sang trong van nghe dan toe, Pham Van Dong khong chi thuyet phuc ngifdi doc bang nhrtng luan diem, luan cd va

each lap luan rat chat che, sic sao nhii vvfa neu ma con tac dong vao tinh cam, trai t i m ngiidi doc b i n g nhiing Idi van day cam xuc, sau iSng Mau sic bieu cam cua bai nghi luan nay the hien rat dam net Trong nhieu doan van tac gia cong khai the hien cam hilng ngdi ca cua ngifdi viet doi v6i N g u y i n Dinh Chieu Ong dung rat nhieu tvf ngiJ va hinh anh, nhCfng each dien dat doc dao, sau sic de ca ngdi nha thd mu dat Dong Nai Ching han: 'Tren trdi c6 nhiing v i sao c6 anh sang khac thUdng, nhUng con m i t cua chung ta phai cham chu nhin t h i mdi tha'y, va cang nhin t h i cang thay sang Van thd cua N g u y i n Dinh Chieu ciing v^y"; hoac: "Ngoi but, nghia la tam hon trung nghia cua N g u y i n Dinh Chieu da dien ta, that la sinh dong va nao nilng, cam tinh cua dan toe do'i v6i ngUdi chien

Nguyin Dinh Chieu (ngay 3 t h i n g 7 nam 1888), trong long chung ta, hay dot mot nen hiidng de tifclng nhd ngUdi con quang vinh cua dan toe!"

Ngon ngii van nghi luan ciing diidc the hien rat ro b nhijtng cau van mang tinh

khing dinh, ching han: "Cuoc ddi va thd van cua Nguyin Dinh Chieu la cua mot chien si hi sinh phan dau vi mot nghia 16n."; hoac "Thd van cua Nguyen Dinh Chieu

la thd van chien d i u , d i n h t h i n g vao giac ngoai xam va toi t6 cua chung."

Tat ca nhiing yeu to tren da tao nen siic hap d i n cua bai van nghi luan nay

B I N H G I A N G V A N 12 C H O N L Q C <• 2 9

mot n ta g qua , on h thdi XX Sin e ki trong th e ta n to a da n cu a 16 n ho a va , nh nha van

m c va h viJ g Kn Tron o due e - gia n ngh a - va van ho t la c bie , da h vUc u Hn den nhie

n u an m da in da n va lau be a tri c6 gi c sic, t da t ra i vie u ba i nhie de la g da chUdng, on

Pham Va

n Dong On

g tvta

g vie

t Nguyin

Trdi, ngiidi anh hiing

a tr

i cd ban cu

n diem, lua

n ci

i va each la

p lua

n san

g sua, c6 siic thuye

t phu

c cao

Va

n e hie , th u cam c bie u sa m ma mang da h va h an u hin , gia g sang g tron a on phong cu

^ Ha

T CAC

H DA

T V

AN DE , M

OT KH

A N AN

n mie

n Bl

c nU6

c ta, le

ki nie

m 75 nam nga

cua dan toe cu

a Pha

m Va

n Don

g c6 mot v

i tr

i kh

a da

c biet

, do i mc h Id Chin a no i cu u m6 n cii g nghie i hif6n i mc g gd a nan va kh n de t va each da

l va h Chieu n Din o Nguyg i sa : "Ngo i mci Ld dicu nay y ro cho tha n da g va a an t cu Idi ke, e n ngh i va u trd g bl a tron hdn nfl g to phai san g le ta, dan a midc n cii d 16 a th mot nh

cua da

n toe, nha

t la trong lu

c nay"

Va ldi ket: "Dd

n , ngh n hoc a va g cu c dun va ta a vi o di u ca , ne g sang m giidn mot ta u la Dinh Chie

e Qu tu tiicing" a va n ho n va t trst n ma n si tre i chie a ngUd mang cu o svi u ca thuat, ne

a

Xem Nguyin

Trdi: ve tdc gia

va tdc pham - NX

30 ^ TRAN DIN

H SU

" (Ch

u bien )

nhflng cau vda trich, c6 the hieu rkng trudc do, sii nghiep van hoc cua Nguyin Dinh

Chieu con chUa diidc danh gia mot each toan dien, va thd van yeu nU6c cua ong con

chUa dUdc chii y nghien cijtu cho dung vcli tam ma no c6 Them nuta, trong luc cong

cuoc dau tranh thong nhat midc nha dang doi hoi viec khdi day long yeu nu6c va y

chi chien dau trong toan dan, dong thdi yeu cau xay dttag mot nen van nghe mcli

phuc vu s\i nghiep each mang cua dan toe dang dUde dat ra tren mot tam do mcli, viec khai thae noi dung yeu midc trong thd Nguyin Dinh Chieu cang c6 mot y nghia

het sijle quan trong

2 Viet ve mot van de nghiem trang nhtf noi cl tren, ngUcJi ta c6 the ehon mot

kieu trinh bay duy U, it mau sic bieu cam Nhvtag d day, ngay tvi dau, tac gia da

bieu 16 cam xiie nong nan cua minh khi neu nhuEng doi hoi can thiet do'i v6i viec

danh gia gia tri thd van Nguyen Dinh Chieu Cach noi "ngoi sao Nguyin Dinh Chieu", each vi von "Tren trdi c6 nhutag vi sao eo anh sang khae thUdng, nhUng con

mat cvia chung ta phai cham chii nhin thi m6i thay, va cang nhin thi cang thay

sang Van thd cua Nguyen Dinh Chieu ciing vay" mot mat d§ gay an tUdng vi s\i

tiidi mat cua,giong van va vi lien tUcing hdp H, mat khae, phan anh difdc kha trung

thue sii tran trong, yeu quy het m\ic cua tac gia do'i v6i do'i tUdng dUdc ong noi den Phai noi r^ng mot kieu nhap de nhxi vay c6 the tao dUde nhuing hieu qua tac dong

rat tot dep TnJ6e khi dong tinh v6i ngUdi viet ve nhiJng lap luan, ngifdi ta da chia

se v6i ong ve mot thai do - thai do do'i v6i nha thd cua dan toe va thai do doi vcli

ngifdi tie'p nhan ang van cua ehinh minh

3 Noi dung quan trong nhat cua bai viet la lam sang to gia tri to 16n cua bo

phan thd van yeu nvf6c trong s\i nghiep van hoe cua Nguyin Dinh Chieu Nhijtng Idi

danh gia cao nhat, nhCtng Idi ngdi ea nong nhiet nhat da diJde neu len: "thd van yeu

midc cua Nguyen Dinh Chieu, khuc ca hiing trang cua phong trao yeu midc ehohg

bon xam liidc Phap luc chung den bd coi midc ta", "tac pham la nhiing trang bat hu", "Bai Van te nghia si Can Giugc la khiie ca nhiing ngUdi anh hung that the,

nhitag vin hien ngang", "trong thd van yeu nif6c cua Nguyin Dinh Chieu eon c6

nh€!ng doa hoa, nhiing hon ngoe rat dep", Tuy nhien, neu bai viet chi c6 nhiing Idi ngdi ea chung chung thi rat kho thuyet phue ngadi doe Do hoan toan y thiic diidc

dieu nay, tac gia rat chu y neu va phan tich cac din chiing eu the Tac gia da vita

lam ro moi quan he tho'ng nhat giiia nhan each eon ngifdi nha thd va thd van cua

ong, lai viia chu y dat bo phan thd van yeu nii6c cua Nguyin Dinh Chieu vao dung boi canh no ra ddi de dUa ra nhiing kit luan can thiet Nhiing doan neu tieu svt nha

thd va tai hien khong khi lich sii mot thdi diidc viet rat sue tich va giau cam hiing

Thai do yeu gh^t ranh mach ro rang luon dxide bieu 16, khien Uch sii s6'ng day, eo

hinh, CO khoi, phap phong hdi thcl Ro rang tac gia da thiet lap diide sU "ket noi" giiia xiia va nay, giiip ngiidi doe cam nhan dUdc sau s^c rang cai mach song ciia dan

BINH GIANG VAN 12 CHON LQC <• 3 1

g thon

g

diep gia

u y nghia

n toe Khon

g pha

i n giu nhien

ma ca

c tiji

"nhan dan", "da

n

toe", "da

t nxidc"

dutdc nh

a hie

u r in

n toe , nh

d bie

t no

i

len nhiing y

nguyen thiet th

a cu

a nha

n dan , da

song man

h lie

t de

n the Ta

n bo , dun

g khai

o la : chiei

6 th

e gd

i y difdc nhie

day vfi

n l

a ca

n thiet Va

n th

d nay The

o ta

c gia , nei

a Luc

Van Tien

hanh xt( khon

a da

o dvt

c phon

g kien , nhUn

g s

U thuc , h

N D IN

H SU

" (Ch

u bien )

ngifdi CO ruot gan, xvfdng thit" va thi^c cM't dao If song cua ho la dao H song cua nhan dan Tac gia khSng dinh: "Vi nhiing le do ho gin gui chung ta va cau chuyen cua ho lam chiing ta cam xiic va thich thii" Cho den nay, c6 le lusln diem nay cua Pham Van Dong vin la mot luiLn dilm doc dao, con nguyen gia tri kham kha

Ben canh vigc thUc sU hi^u va dong cam vdi Ngiiyin Dinh Chieu, tac gia cung

to ra nim vflng lich sii tiep nh^n tac ph^m Luc Van Tien Tuy khong phan tich ki cai hay cua Idi van d truyen thd nay nhiftig tac gia to ro quan diem khang dinh cua

minh doi v6i no Nhflng cau thddUdc tac gia d^n ra qua la nhflng cau day vang vong, chan chfla chat thd, dich thflc la san ph^m cua mot tai nang nghe thuat 16n Phai chang, tfl nhflng dieu dfldc trinh bay cuoi bai viet, ta c6 the nghi tdi mot tieu chi danh gia khong cflng nhac ve cai goi la pham tinh van chfldng cua mot sang tac thd ca? Van hay hay khong hay, sfl danh gia do nhieu khi con tuy thuoc vao each doc, each hieu ve dac trflng thi phap cua mot sang tac

5 Nguyin Dinh Chieu, ngdi sao sang trong van nghe cua dan toe qua la mot

bai nghi luan van hoc c6 gia tri Ngoai viec chfla dflng nhflng kham pha dang

tran trong doi v6i thd van Nguyin Dinh Chieu, no con mang tinh chKt cua mot

Icti keu goi hfldng t6i ting 16p van ngh§ si, mong ho het long dem ngoi biit cua minh phuc vu nhan dan, phuc vu each mang Dac biet, no cung dat nen tang cho viee xae lap mot quan diem danh gia dung din doi v6i cac hien tfldng van hoe cua qua khfl Bai viet thflc sfl da ket tinh dfldc nhflng flu diem thfldng thay eiia van nghi lu^n Pham Van Dong: chfla chan nhiet huyet doi v6i cac van de 16n cua

dat nfl6c; li tri va tinh cam quyen chat vko nhau trong m6i dong van; tao dfldc sfl can bang gifla nhflng de xuit thiet thflc va nhflng gdi md ve mot eon dfldng di

tdi cac dich xa

Bai 3:

VE NGUYEN DINH CHIEU

Nguyin Xuan Lac

Tac ph£m Nguyin Dinh Chieu, ngdi sao sang trong van nghi cua dan tgc \k bai vigt cua Pham Van Dong dang trong Tap ehi Van hoc so 1 - 1963 nhan ki niem 75

nam ngay ma't cua Nguyen Dinh Chieu (3 - 7 - 1888) Day la bai viet c6 nhflng phat hien m6i me va nhflng dinh hfldng nghign cflu dung dan ve nha thd 16n Nguyen

B I N H G I A N G V A N 1 2 C H O N LOG ^ 33

Dinh Chieu Ban

g sii ttoig tra

i eac

h mang, svf gin b

n c dd n cuo nhin nha a da c gi , ta e 16n n ngh a va t nh a mo g cu u ron i sa h ngh a eac dan v

i a to h cu n can i hoa t vd khang khi n he i lie g mo' u tron h Chie n Din n Nguye d va va th

quoc lu

c ba

y gi

d va vdi thd

u md

i m

e ve m cu tac pha i va n ngutd y co u qu m ye cang the , de n Nam n d mie c Id u nild d ye nha th

a n n nguye n co g vi nam nhiin n 40 y hd h da 1963, eac ddi iii t ra i vie Ba n do d Id nha th

m Idn

: Nguyen Din n ve g d& n dun h nhi mot eac i eo phat: pha diem xuat - Luan

h g anh san o c6 nhCtng \ sa i eo n trd la: "Tre n do h nhi Cac a ong n cu d va a th Chieu v

khae thUdng, nhifn

e chiin

g min

h ch

o h gi h dan a eac a qu e ho u th dUde e n do g di n diin h nhi : eac t phat m xua lufin die

a n ye d va ; Th h Chieu n Din cua Nguye g tac m san quan nie i va c dd : Cuo ) ve c gia (cua ta

u va, Ta Can Giuoc) tenghia si bai Van u la u ye u (eh h Chie n Din a Nguye nifdc cu

c nghe thuat) g va i dun a no u (c h Chie n Din a Nguye Tien eu Luc Van pham Truyen

- Ke't thuc van

de: Lu^

n die

m ke

t lu^n, ca

i die

h cu

a ba

i viet: dan

n , ngh n hoc a va g cu c dun va ta a vi o di u ca , ne g sang m gUdn mot ta u la Dinh Chie

e ' tut tiicing". a va n ho n va t tra n ma n si tre i chie a ngiid mang cu o sd u ca thuat, ne

Nhin ehung, eac

n xua

t hien) th

i cl day, ta

c gi

a la

i no

i ve thd van'^ye

u niidc^cu

i Chieu? a Do e eu u nutd n ye d va n th n de u y hd c eh i do n ngUd a muo c gi chang, ta

vi thi mdi nha th n ve chu nhin h nhi g eac phai chdm n tron p lua ehung ta g pha mat cua a phUdn y nghi n eo thi/dng", "con t hie t pha sang khdc la mo CO anh thay" Do sao

- "NhOng

vi sao c6 anh sang khdc

n di, da

n da eua th

d va

n Nguye

n Din

h Chieu, ve dep eu

ngiicli dan, mang t i n h nhan dan sau sic V a n chifdng Do Chieu khong ong mUdt,

non na ma chan thUc, cha't phac, c6 cho tifclng nhuf tho kech, nhUng lai chiia dting trong do n h i i n g t i f Wcing, t i n h cam nong hau, cao quy cua n h a n dan "No khong phai la ve dep cua n h i i n g cay lua xanh uon m i n h trong gio nhe No dep ve dep cua

dong thoc may vang" ( N g u y i n D i n h Chu) Ve dep khac thifdng nay dang quy \km,

va cang dang quy hdn k h i ta biet nha thd da sang tac trong hoan canh m u loa, cuoc song gap nhieu kho k h a n va bat hanh

thong thiidng, chung ta quen n h i n loai anh sang khac, ve dep khac Do la loai van chUdng t r a u chuot, got giua, Idi le hoa m i vdi h i n h tiJdng h u n g v i , t r a n g le, p h i thvTdng, Cach n h i n nhif vay t h a t kho den vdi van chifdng Do Chieu, noi chi deri viec cam nhan diidc t i n h y sau xa de thay het ve dep dich thiic cua van thd ong V i vay, "phai cham chii n h i n t h i mdi thay", tiJtc phai day cong, kien t r i nghien cijfu t h i mdi kham pha dUdc ve dep a'y, nhiftig phai cham chu n h i n theo mot each n h i n khoa

hoc, diing dkn ve Nguyen D i n h Chieu

- Dieu do CO y nghia phUdng phap l u ^ n trong viec nghien cdu, danh gia thd van

N g u y i n D i n h Chieu, no la mot s\i dieu chinh ve each n h i n de eo mot d i n h hifdng diing din trong viec nghien ciiu, tiep can mot nha thd nhif Nguyen D i n h Chieu

Tren each n h i n mdi me nay, da xua't hien nhieu cong t r i n h nghien ciiu c6 gia t r i ve

Nguyen D i n h Chieu nhif Nguyen Dinh Chieu, ngoi sao cang nhin cang sang cua Le

3 Tac gia da giiip chung ta n h a n ra nhflng "anh sang khac thiicfn^' cua ngoi sao sang Nguyen D i n h Chieu tren hiu trdi van nghe Viet N a m qua n h i i n g dae diem:

liJc, d i i gap nhieu kho k h a n va ba't hanh, n h i i n g v l n diing thang, ng^ng cao dau ma

song, khong phai v i m i n h ma v i dan v i nvfde, theo l i tildng "Kien nghia bat vi vd

dan Phap Ciing vdi cuoc song dep do la mot quan niem sang tac dung dan va tien

bo: Chd boo nhieu dao thuyen khong kham, Ddm may thang gian but chdng ta! Do

la thd van chien da'u, danh t h i n g vao giae ngoai xam va be l i i tay sai cua chung Doi vdi N g u y i n D i n h Chieu, cam but, viet van la mot thien chiJtc Va ong da lam dung thien chiic do

- Tho van yeu mtdc cua Nguyin Dinh Chieu phuc vu doc lUc cuoc chien dau

chung ta phong trao khang Phap oanh Uet va ben bi cua n h a n dan N a m Bo tii 1860

ve sau, suot hai mvTdi n a m trdi, vdi n h i i n g bai thd, bai van te ma tieu bieu la Van te

nghia SI Can Giugc, tac pham NgU Tieu y thuat van dap, Do la nhiing tac pham

B t N H G I A N G V A N 12 C H O N L O G <^ 3 5

a g ta'r , nhutn a quan cua nghi h tu g lan , nhiin danh giac a si n nghi g da ngutdi non

hao himg

ma thiei iha vi

li tudng

dao n ngifd g co ngdi nhijtn , ca n dan a nha c cu o dtf g da li tUcin g la - cun tdc gid diic cua

i n c6 Tnic, t phiL g da g Tii , quye n Don , VUdn m Va n nguy , gia u dong a Pha c gi o cUc , Tie , ta u kh t Nga c da g dan , mS u Nguye a dun e m t long , Kie i m u mo n Tien n m6 c sa c Va h nhi , tnf6 u Lu g eac h tai n nh B^n , khina 16 i nghi trong nghia da'u v H6n Minh,

sU nhi

n nha

n va danh gi

a la

i "gi

a tri van ngh

e cu

a ba

n tnfdn

g ca that la hap di

n tii i ngh gia tr c lai khoi phu t de n thie " ca "dieu chinh mot sxi y la Da " nay n cuoi dau de

e lang quen u bi diidng nh i ki g thd 6 nhutn ma c a tri , gi c pham cua ta n c6 t vo thuat nhu

g le g thd ca tron con - t la a nhi' n - v a co , m i ^y g thd i tron g ch a khon hdn niJ g to phai san

- Ch

o de

n nay, vS

dich g tron u ron a sa 16n v g to tac dun g c6 m tvfn n Na 16n mie u ruidc d ye a th a nh thUc cu

g n nay g hi§ c son trong cuo y ca ma nga y gid i b^ g thcJ i tron g ch , khon n ta nhan da

i me, c6 gia tr

o din

g la ta'm lon

g gi

n bo c ba n lii n da a nha g cu cuoc son c va 't niici h dft n men i v^ i vd a do c gi cua ta sau sic

y thKy , ta i vig't qua ba , va i viet o ba n ch t va n cha' lam ne y da g na m lon h t^ gid Chin

t c6 th^ la

m son

g ma bie n do i ne n ca , tre n toe a da g cu h hiin a an g m dau thiidn lich svL i ki t thd lai mo

u i i kh m vi t la y bu g ca i diin tron dd t rigii^i u - mo h Chie n Din i Nguyi a ngd diidng c

chien da

u ch

o dan, ch

o niidc, ne

Tuin tiivt?

QUANG DUNG TAY TIEN

TAY TIEN - SV HOA DIEU CUA CAC DOI ClJC

Chu Van SoTn

Toi doc Toy Tim bao Ian, Idn nao cung c6 cam giac dang di vao mot choh sdn

lam ki bi, moi thut deu doi choi gay g^t ma hoa hdp la lung Hiem trcl ma hung vl, hoang da ma thd mong cl do, bi thUdng ma hung trang Da bifdc vao that kho ra Su

hoa dieu tao bao gfy ch&ng phai la ve dep thi ca doc dao cua Tay Tven hay sao?

1 N6i nhd va cau true

Trong Ian in thijt hai, Quang Dung da tif6c b6t di chQ "nh6" h nhan de, ten bai

thd mdi con nhvf hien nay la Toy Tien Co le, khong chi vi thay thiia, ma con H do

khac: sd lo va hep Cocin {Jhai phdi 16 n6i nh6 v6n chan chtia khSp toan bai ra ngay cai "mat tien" la nhan de khong? Cha can, doc vao, se thSy Them chii, iSm khi lam

hep nghia, hep tarn Nhd Tdy Tien la cai tiJa c6 ve nghieng ve loai noi niem rieng tay Con Tdy Tien, xem ra, da khai quat hdn, lai kieu hung hdn No nhif muon thau tom ca dat trch Tay Tien, ca cuoc hanh binh Tay tien vao mot biJtc tranh toan canh gom chiia ca thien nhien cung tran mac Ma thUc 1^ nhil v£iy, quy mo Tay tien c6 the khong 16n, nhUng tiiih chat caa no thi c6 khac nao mot cuoc van li tnfdng chinh

Den nay, qua bao thang traiu, Tdy Tien da chitog to: tu no 1^ mot the gidi ngh§

mot thcfi trkn mac thuoc cai thuci ban dau dan quoc Ify*"

Bai 1:

Ldi Xuan Di|u, miicin each noi trong m6t cau thd The LQ "Cai thuci ban dau lUu luyen ay"

B I N H G I A N G V A N 12 C H O N L O G <- 3 7

a ho

a thach No

g txidi

tim

den day , muo

g b

o duoc , ttoi

g vac

h da , ttoi

g cho

p may , khie

h l

ii ngan

g tang , than

h bie

n a

i m

o hoang , go

Cau th

d ba

y chii , th

g nhii , k

e t

v T gia

y phii

t ay , chiin

khoi I Mai Chdu miia em

thcfm nep x6i.

u ngfl Khon

t mien

g ra , m

a di

i b

a sii

c tich L

u c

o phong , nhifn

N D IN

H SU

" (Ch

u bien )

Toy tien Nghia la c6 tuan theo thdi gian, nhifng thdi gian khong dieu hanh tat ca,

CO tuan theo lo trinh, nhifng 16 trinh cung ch4ng doc quyen troi buoc, c6 theo cung bac cao dan cua cam xuc, nhUng cung khong phai hoi ha mot leo Ngifdi doc vin c6 the Ian theo tuyen thdi gian, Ian theo 16 trinh hanh binh nao do cua bif6c chan Tay tien Nhiftig mach thd chu yeu la dan det cua ki niem, v6i nhiing sUc nh6 mien man, nhfing vut hien bat chdt, ma trong do cac dia danh c6 khi chi hien thoang mot dong ten, c6 khi la mot diem nha'n nao do cua ki niem Con ki niem bao gid ciing chan hoa canh v6i ngifdi, cung song hanh va dan xen ca hai mach: viia gian kh6' hao

hung, viia thd mong hao hoa Vi nhii: Sai Khao si/cfng lap doan qudn moi I Mudng

Lot hoa vi trong dem hd Bcti cai t6i Tay Tien viia kieu hiing viia nghe si, nen m6i

ki niem muoh diidc lifu trong tam hon Sy ciing phai hoa hdp diidc ca hai net lang man kia

Nhu the, chinh noi nh6 trap triing va chdi vdi do la nhan to' dau tien da thong

nhat cac doi ciic phong phu cua Tay Tien vao mot nguon cam hiing sang tao

2 Hao hung va hao hoa

Neu noi nh6 lam hinh tiidng song d&y, thi hinh tUdng lam cho noi nhd c6 khoi c6 hinh Ca hai tham dvfdm trong nhau dem den cho thi pham mot sU-s6ng-thd

Hinh tUdng ngiidi Tay Tien d day la biic chan dung hoa chung cua ca cai toi Tay

Tien an hien do day cung doan chien binh Tay tien diidc khSc hoa trong toan bai

Cam nhan nghe thuat, ngiidi ta cxt thich phan lap ngUdi v6i canh Phan \kp de khoi \hn, la nen Nhiing ca tin vao phan lap, v6 hinh trung dang tach ca khoi nii6c

Trong mot chinh the nghe thuat, nhat la vdi thd, canh va ngiidi nhi vi ma nhat the Khong chi theo nghia quen mon mot chieu: canh la ph6ng nen de ton con ngiidi Ma

la quan he hai chieu mau thit: canh xam nhap vao ngifdi, ngtfdi san minh vao canh Cuoc gap g3 con ngifcJi v6i canh vat ndi nay la mot moi liidng duyen Chat ngUdi Tay Tien chi toa sang khi co xat v^ t6i luyen trong thien nhien mien Tay Va chon riing

thieng midc doc kia chi thiic sii thanh trang thd nay khi in soi vao nhiing tam hon

Tay Tien Tham chi, canh da a'p vao n6 dang ngiidi, ngiicJi da pha vao minh net canh Tay Tien hao hvmg va hao hoa la b& mien Tay dii doi va thd mong Co the noi: canh mien Tay va ngufdi Tay Tien la mot cap tudng than

Gian nan bao gid cung diidc xem la ngon lika th^ vang doi vdi chf khi anh

hiing Cha the ma c6 cau 'Lua thit vang gian nan thit si&"<'>, lai c6 cau "Lao xao

song vo ngon tiing I Gian nan id nd anh hiing phai vay""' De lam bat chi anh hiing,

van chiidng xUa nay thiidng phai dat nhan vat vao hoan canh dac thii la gian nan

Tuc ngO

»>Th0D4oTan

B I N H G I A N G V A N 1 2 C H Q N L Q C <^ 39

ihvi thach

C) day cun

g the Ve kieu hun

g c6

le la tufdng man

t nghie

n ra

sa tnidng Gia

n a n to y Tie g Ta u hiin chat kie i de cd ho a la c vC( h thii la thac tnidng viia n sa nan cho

sang Dudn

g nhif, mac

h c&'

u tii cung dU

g da

u va cii 1

^ liid

t vifd

t qua Na

l cu

a 16

tiinh: Doc

len khuc khuyu doc

tham thdm I

Heo doc luo g mldc g thien a riJCn hiem cu h bi i lin Nao oa ng^ trdi. may sung hut con

n uy : Dem u dvi a th o cu rinh m Roi sU gam thet. linh thdc chieu oai : Chieu h than hiep tin

dim MUcfng Hich cop

i thac

h cuo

i cung, ngo

a ca

i m go h ca f thac ca tht g ke ! NhvTn u hung thI kie o c6 m sa , la a no t qu g wfd chet Khon

nhat ^y, ho ciing vifd

t qua H

o c6 the chet, nhUn

g la net noi, nhun

i ha

o ho

a i ca cua con^ngifcii.vd n he g qua n tron n nh& c nhi o diid N e si t ngh m cha i pha la no

i Mo e thuat trong ngh n va n nhie g thie , tron c ddi g cuo p tron cai de m ca dep, go

t p i de g ca tran tron i do , tha i dep i ca m v6 nhay ca u sU e thie g th a khon o ho ngiidi ha

ngdn thiCdc xuong, lu

a th

i sa

o c6 the thieu

hoa Th

hoa Ro

i th

i hon

lau neo ben bb,

roi th

i Trdi

dbng niCdc

lu hoa n ngh m va g de u nhiin e thie g th cung khon y ho n m^ n de Nhoc nhS dong dUa

e niem n la nh^'t vS g ke , dan Nhiing i thd , Id t nhac , ne u mtia , die g khen v6i tien

quyen luye

n vd

i tin

h ngiidi, tin

h yeu Ngay

thi Nhd

6i Tay Tiih cdm

len khoi

I n gi thcfm Co dang kieu Hd Ngi i md m th xdi De thcfm nep hdn! h tti miia em a tin hao ho Mai Chdu

Sd hii

u ca hai pha

m cha

t kie

u hiin

g va h^o hoa, nghi