On thi TN mon Anh

Past simple A: S + V-ed/ V2N: S + did not didn’t + VerbQ: Did + S + Verb ?… Verb ?… • To describe an action in the past taking place once, never or several times • Actions taking place o

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 A Gramar (Ngữ pháp)

 Kiến thức đã học:

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Tenses Form Use example

The

present

simple

A: S +verb(es, s) N: S + don’t/

doesn’t+

verb(infinitive) Q: Do/ Does + S +verb(infinitiv e) ?

• An action in the present taking place once, never

or several times

- An action set

by a timetable or schedule

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continuous A: S + be + V- ing

N: S + be + not + V-ing Q: Be + S + V- ing ? …

ing ? …

• To describe an action taking place in the moment of speaking.

• An action happening around now, but perhaps not

at the moment

of speaking

• An action arranged for the future

• After the commend sentences

-They are playing football in the garden at the moment.

- She is studying Maths at university.

-We are having a test next week.

-Smell! Something is burning

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Present

perfect A: S + have/has + PN: S +haven’t/hasn’t II

+ PIIQ: Have/ Has + S +

PII… … ? ?

- An action that has taken place once, never or several times

- An action which happened in the past but still up to present.

- An action which happened in the past and shows the result at present

- I’ve never visited Ha Long Bay before

- I have studied English since I was 12

- I have had a broken leg because of that stair

Present

perfect

continuous

A: S + have/has + been + V-ing N: S + haven’t/hasn’t + been + V-ing Q: Have/has + S + been + V-ing ? …

been + V-ing ? …

• Putting emphasis on the course or

duration (not the result)

• An action that refers

to an activity and still going on

• Finished action that influenced on the present

- I have been waiting for a long time.

- My teacher has been teaching me since 2005.

- He has been cleaning up his room all day.

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Past simple A: S + V-ed/ V2

N: S + did not (didn’t) + VerbQ: Did + S +

Verb ?…

• To describe an action in the past taking place once, never or several times

• Actions taking place one after another

- Tom went to Paris in

• An action going on

at a certain time

in the past

• Actions taking place at the same time

• An action in the past that is interrupted by another action

- What were you doing from 3p.m to 6p.m yesterday?

- My father was watching

TV while I was learning

- My friends was bitten by a dog while she was

talking with me

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Past perfect A: S + had + PII

N: S + had not (hadn’t) + PIIQ: Had + S + PII… … ? ?

• An action taking place before a certain time

in the past

• Sometimes interchangeable with past perfect progressive

• Putting emphasis only

on the fact (not the duration)

- When I got up, my father had already left.

- It was the most difficult question that I had ever known

- Until yesterday, I had never

heard about it.

Past perfect

continuous

tense

A: S + had + been + V-ing

N: S + hadn’t + been + V-ing

Q: Had + S + been + V-ing ? …

• Putting emphasis on the duration or course of an action

- The men had been playing card for 3 hours.

- When I came to see them they were playing chess They said they had been playing for two hours

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Near

Future A: S + be +going to + Verb

(bare- infinitive)N: S + be + not + going to + verbQ: Be + S + going

to + verb ?…

• intention made for the future

• predict action that surely happen in the future

- He is going to give a party next week

- It’s going to rain

Future

simple A: S +will/ shall+ Verb (bare-

infinitive

- express an action that happens in the future but not surely

- predict an action that probably happens in the future

- Will is used in keeping the promise, request, determination

- The play will be over at ten oclock

- I think it will rain next week

- The music is too loud I’ll turn it down

- He will waite for you until you come

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continuous A: S +will/ shall+ be + verb-ing - express an action that is happing in

the future

- express an intention that will happen

- This time tomorrow I will

agree determine manage promise

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b Some common verbs followed by gerunds

c Some common verbs followed by either gerunds or infinitives

continue intend remember need

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 3 Modal verbs

 Mỗi một động từ hình thái được chia giống nhau ở tất cả các ngôi và theo sau bởi dạng nguyên mẫu không có To Đông từ hình thái trong tiéng Anh gồm: can, could, had better, might, must, ought to, shall, should, will, would Mỗi động từ dùng để diễn đạt một nét nghĩa khác nhau

- May I borrow your pen?

- Could I borrow your pen? - certainly/ of course- yes, certainly

- Would you lend me a pen?

- Could you lend me a pen?

- Can you lend me a pen?

- yes, I’d be happy to

- yes, I’d be glad to

- Certainly.

- I’d like to, but

Would you mind

- No, not at all

- No, of course not.

- No, that would be fine.

- No, I’d be happy to.

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Sù b¾t buéc HiÖn t¹i Qu¸ khø

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C.

Should - You should study harder

- You shouldn’t play too much. - You should have studied last week Ought to - You ought to try harder.

- You ought not to play too much (ít dùng)

- We ought to have tried harder last week.

Had better - You had better study harder

- You’ d better not play too much

- We had better have tried harder last week.

D.

Đề nghị

Với Modal verbs Tương đương với

Với chủ ngữ I/ WE

Shall

- Shall I open the window?

- Let’s go, shall we? - Why don’t we open the window?

- Let’s open the window

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E

100%( động từ ở trực thái

cách) - Jill is sick She isn’t well

- Tom works hard

- Jill was sick yesterday

- Tom worked hard then

>95%

Must/ Can not/Could not - Jill must be sick - Jill can’t be well

- Jill couldn’t be well

- Jill must have been sick

- Jill can’t have been well

- Jill couldn’t have been well

>50%

May/ Might/ could/ May

not/ Might not

- Jill may be sick

- Jill might be sick

- Jill could be sick

- Jill may have been sick

- Jill might have been sick

- Jill could have been sick

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situation that existed

in the past but which

no longer exists.

- My uncle used to live in Japan - I didn’t use to live in Japan.

- Did you use to live there?

LÆp ®i lÆp l¹i

Would - My father would tell me a story before

bedtime when I was a child

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 4 Subject and Verbs Ageement

 Thông thường trong tiếng Anh một chủ ngữ

số ít được theo sau bởi một động từ chia ở số

ít Một chủ ngữ số nhiều được theo sau bởi

một động từ chia ở số nhiều Tuy nhiên có

một số dạng bất qui tắc và một số điểm cần lư

u ý khi hai hoặc nhiều chủ ngữ được đứng trư

ớc một động từ theo bảng sau:

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B Danh từ với các từ chỉ số lượng

Từ chỉ số lượng Động từ ở số ít Động từ ở số nhiều

Each, every, one - Each student needs a textbook

- Every student has come

- One of the students is absent

Some

Most

A lot of, Fractions,

percent

- Some/ Most money is needed

- Some/ Most of the rice is good

- Two thirds of water is frozen

- Five percent of the money has been spent

- Some / most children are not well

- a lot of students come late

- Two thirds of the students in the class are boys.- Five

percent of the students are from Japan

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A/ The number of - The number of students is

increasing - A number of students have come

A great deal of - A great deal of money is spent -

C Danh tõ víi c¸c tõ nèi

and, both and Chia ë sè nhiÒu - Both my mother and my

father are here

Not only but also,

either or , neither nor Chia theo chñ ngữ 2 - Not only my mother but

also my sisters are here

- Either my mother or my sisters are here

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- Tên gọi các môn khoa học: physics,

mathematics, statistics, linguistics

- Danh từ khác: news, billiards

- Measles is a common childhood disease

- Physics is my favourite subject

- No news is good news

- Một số danh từ riêng chỉ tên thành phố

hoặc tên nước có hỡnh thức số nhiều:

Naples, Marseilles, the United states, the

Philippines

- Marseilles is a city in France

- The Philippines is in Asia

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- Six miles is a long distance

- Two years is long enough

- The fifty dollars he gave me was soon spent

-Cụm từ với “and” được hiểu như

một đơn vị: fish and chips, meat

pie and peas, bread and butter,

bed and breakfast

- Biểu thức toán học với: “and”

- Fish and chips is Tom’s favourite.

- Bed and breakfast doesn’t cost much.

- Two and two is four

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 ở số nhiều :

 - Một số danh từ tập hợp( collective nouns) :people, police, staff,

cattle, the rich

 Eg: + Those people are from England

 + The police have been informed.

 + Cattles are domestic animals

 - Danh từ chỉ số lượng được đề cập đến như một tổng thể gồm những cá nhân riêng lẻ

 + Eight dollars are on the table.

 + Ten years have passed

 - Một số danh từ có dạng só nhiều bất qui tắc: bacterium- bacteria, medium- media, criterion- criteria, datum- data, fungus- fungi,

stimulus- stimili, phenomenon – phenomena

 + Some phenomena of nature include thunder and lighting.

 + There are some criteria we need to know

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-adj-y - ier + than

- you are younger than me

- I’d like a happier life

- It’s quieter here I like it

More + adj + than - This building is more

modern than we expected

- Between the two girls, Mary

is more attractive

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- The earliest bird gets the worm

- This is the simplest way

The most+ adj - The most handsome student

in the class is Tom

- This is the most important question

less

The bestThe worstThe farther/ furtherThe most

The least

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6 Tag questions.

Câu hỏi đuôi là phần câu hỏi thêm vào sau một câu thường ở trước đó Câu hỏi đuôi dùng để xác nhận ý nêu ra ở câu trước đó vá người hỏi thường dự kiến trước một câu trả lời đồng ý

Phần câu thường ở phía

trước Phần câu hỏi đuôi Câu đáp lại được sự kiện

Mary is here, isn’t she ? Yes, she is

Mary won’t be absent, will she ? No, she won’t

She looks happy, doesn’t she ? Yes she does

You don’t work hard, do you ? No, I don’t

I’m all right now, aren’t I ? Yes , you are

There is a meeting today, isn’t there ? Yes, there is

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This is a book, isn’t it ? Yes, it is.

Those aren’t your books, are they ? No, they aren’t Everyone is ready, Aren’t they ? No, they aren’t Somebody has come, Haven’t they ? Yes, they have Everything was cheap then, Wasn’t it ? Yes, it was

No one came late, Did they ? No , no one did Nothing has gone wrong, Has it ? No, nothing has Let’s go out, Shall we ? Yes let’s

Sit down, Won’t you/ will

you ? Yes , I will

Don’t look at your book, Will you ? No, I won’t

He ought to practise more

regularly, Shouldn’t he ? Yes, he should

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7 Relative clauses( mệnh đề quan hệ )

Mênh đê quan hê la co n đ̣ ̀ ̣ ̀ ̀ ược goi la ̣ ̀

mênh đê ti nh t (adjective clause), đ̣ ̀ ́ ừ ược

s dung đê biê n hai câu đ n tha nh môt ử ̣ ̉ ́ ơ ̀ ̣

câu ph c Va luôn đăt ngay sau danh t ứ ̀ ̣ ừ

ma no thay thê (ca c đai t quan hê) Vi ̀ ́ ́ ́ ̣ ừ ̣ ́

du: The picture is hanging on the wall The ̣

picture is drawn by Mr Huy - The picture

Huy Ca c đai t quan hê trong tiê ng Anh ́ ̣ ừ ̣ ́

la : Whò

Đai t chi ng̣ ừ ̉ ười la m ch c năng chu ̀ ứ ̉

ng ̃ư

Whom Đai t chi ngĐai t chi ng̣ ự ừ̀ ̉̉ ươườ̀i, la m ch c năng tân i, la m ch c năng tân ̀̀ ưứ́

ng (nga y nay co thê du ng who đê thay ữ ̀ ́ ̉ ̀ ̉

thê cho whom trong văn no i) ́ ́

Whose + N Đai t s h u luôn đi cu ng danh t (chi Đai t s h u luôn đi cu ng danh t (chi ̣ ư ở ự ư ở ừ̀ ̃̃ ̀̀ ưừ̀ ̉̉

người)

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Which Đai t chi vât la m ch c năng chu ng Đai t chi vât la m ch c năng chu ng ̣ ự ừ̀ ̉ ̣̉ ̣ ̀̀ ưứ́ ̉̉ ưữ̃

va tân ng̀ ữ

Of which + N Đai t s h u du ng chi vâtĐai t s h u du ng chi vâṭ ư ở ự ư ở ừ̀ ̃̃ ̀̀ ̉ ̣̉ ̣

That Đai t co thê thay thê cho who, whom, Đai t co thê thay thê cho who, whom, ̣ ự ừ̀ ́́ ̉̉ ́́

which trong mênh đê han đinḥ ̀ ̣ ̣

When Trang t th i gian hay thê cho cum Trang t th i gian hay thê cho cum ̣̣ ưừ̀ ơờ̀ ́́ ̣̣

trang t / trang t chi th i gian No ̣ ừ ̣ ừ ̉ ờ ́

được biê n t in/on/at which́ ừ

Where Trang t n i chô n hay thê cho cum Trang t n i chô n hay thê cho cum ̣̣ ư ơư ờ̀ ́́ ́́ ̣̣

trang t / trang t chi n i chô n No ̣ ừ ̣ ừ ̉ ơ ́ ́

được biê n t in/on/at which́ ừ

Why = for which, trang t chi li do, nguyên = for which, trang t chi li do, nguyên ̣̣ ưừ̀ ̉̉ ́́

nhân thường theo sau reason

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 Co hai loai mênh đê quan hê trong tiê ng Anh Co hai loai mênh đê quan hê trong tiê ng Anh ́ ́ ̣ ̣ ̣ ̣ ̀ ̀ ̣ ̣ ́ ́

 A Defining relative clauses: mênh đê quan hê han đinh A Defining relative clauses: mênh đê quan hê han đinh ̣ ̣ ̀ ̀ ̣ ̣ ̣ ̣ ̣ ̣

 La mênh đê ma xa c đinh cho chu ng ta nh ng thông tin La mênh đê ma xa c đinh cho chu ng ta nh ng thông tin ̀ ̀ ̣ ̣ ̀ ̀ ̀ ̀ ́ ́ ̣ ̣ ́ ́ ư ư ̃ ̃ thiê t thiê t ́ ́

yê u, quan trong ́ ̣

yê u, quan trong ́ ̣ vê danh t ma no dang thay thê Chu ng ta vê danh t ma no dang thay thê Chu ng ta ̀ ̀ ư ư ̀ ̀ ̀ ̀ ́ ́ ́ ́ ́ ́

không thê bo đi mênh đê na y, nê u bo no , câu tr nên tô i nghi a, ̉ ̉ ̣ ̀ ̀ ́ ̉ ́ ở ́ ̃

thâm chi vô nghi a Vi du: The man ̣ ́ ̃ ́ ̣

thâm chi vô nghi a Vi du: The man ̣ ́ ̃ ́ ̣ who is standing next to the Liberty

statue is Mr Comf (nê u bo đi mênh đê na y thi câu tr nên vô nghi a, is Mr Comf (nê u bo đi mênh đê na y thi câu tr nên vô nghi a, ́ ́ ̉ ̉ ̣ ̣ ̀ ̀ ̀ ̀ ̀ ̀ ở ở ̃ ̃

ng ươ ̀ i nghe không biê t/ xa c đinh đ ́ ́ ̣ ượ c ai ca) ̉

 B Non-defining relative clauses: mênh đê quan hê không han B Non-defining relative clauses: mênh đê quan hê không han ̣ ̣ ̀ ̀ ̣ ̣ ̣ ̣ đinh ̣

đinh ̣

 Co n goi la mênh đê phu, bô tr thêm thông tin trong câu đa xa c Co n goi la mênh đê phu, bô tr thêm thông tin trong câu đa xa c ̀ ̀ ̣ ̣ ̀ ̀ ̣ ̣ ̀ ̀ ̣ ̣ ̉ ợ ̉ ợ ̃ ̃ ́ ́ đinh, nên ̣

đinh, nên ̣ thông tin na y không câ n thiê t thông tin na y không câ n thiê t ̀ ̀ ̀ ̀ ́ ́ , co thê bo đi ma câu , co thê bo đi ma câu ́ ́ ̉ ̉ ̉ ̉ ̀ ̀

không thay đôi nghi a Dâ u hiêu nhân biê t dang mênh đê na y la ̉ ̃ ́ ̣ ̣ ́ ̣ ̣ ̀ ̀ ̀

nă m sau môt ̀ ̣

nă m sau môt ̀ ̣ dâ u phây dâ u phây ́ ́ ̉ ̉ hoăc trong hai dâ u phây (commas) hoăc trong hai dâ u phây (commas) ̣ ̣ ́ ́ ̉ ̉

 This man, who is about 26 years-old now, is Mr Comf

 Uncle Ho, who is called Ho Chi Minh , is the old and respected father of peoples.

 L u y : không bao gi đ L u y : không bao gi đ ư ư ́ ́ ơ ượ ơ ượ ̀ ̀ c bo đai t quan hê hay s dung đai t c bo đai t quan hê hay s dung đai t ̉ ̣ ư ̉ ̣ ư ̀ ̀ ̣ ̣ ử ử ̣ ̣ ̣ ư ̣ ư ̀ ̀ That thay thê cho Who, Whom, Which trong mênh đê không han ́ ̣ ̀ ̣

That thay thê cho Who, Whom, Which trong mênh đê không han ́ ̣ ̀ ̣

đinh ̣

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 C Relative clauses with preposition: mênh đê quan hê C Relative clauses with preposition: mênh đê quan hê ̣ ̣ ̀ ̀ ̣ ̣

v i gi i t ơ ́ ơ ́

v i gi i t ơ ́ ơ ́ ừ

 Khi gi i t bô nghi a tr c tiê p cho danh t ma đ Khi gi i t bô nghi a tr c tiê p cho danh t ma đ ơ ư ơ ư ́ ́ ̀ ̀ ̉ ̉ ̃ ̃ ự ự ́ ́ ư ư ̀ ̀ ̀ ̀ ượ ượ c c

thay thê bă ng đai t quan hê thi chu ng ta chuyên gi i t ́ ̀ ̣ ư ̀ ̣ ̀ ́ ̉ ơ ́

thay thê bă ng đai t quan hê thi chu ng ta chuyên gi i t ́ ̀ ̣ ư ̀ ̣ ̀ ́ ̉ ơ ́ ừ

đo lên tr ́ ươ ́ c đai t quan hê The girl was very beautiful He ̣ ư ̀ ̣

falls in love with her so much - The girl whom he falls in love

falls in love so much was very beautiful L u y : trong mênh ư ́ ̣

đê dang na y không đ ̀ ̣ ̀ ượ c du ng Who hoăc That cu ng nh ̀ ̣ ̃ ư

không đ ượ c b ỏ

which his son was sitting , was made from China L u y : nê u was made from China L u y : nê u ư ư ́ ́ ́ ́ đông t la cum t co nghi a riêng c a no thi không ta ch ̣ ư ̀ ̀ ̣ ừ ́ ̃ ủ ́ ̀ ́

đông t la cum t co nghi a riêng c a no thi không ta ch ̣ ư ̀ ̀ ̣ ừ ́ ̃ ủ ́ ̀ ́

ra (vi du: look after (chăm so c), go across (ti nh c găp), ́ ̣ ́ ̀ ờ ̣

look up (tra t )….) The word ư ̀

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 D Omission of relative pronoun: giảm lược đại từ quan hệ

chu ng , thi chu ng ta co thờ bo đi đai t quan hờ va đụng t ̉ ư ̃ ̀ ́ ́ ̉ ̉ ̣ ư ̀ ̣ ̀ ̣ ư ̀

theo sau phai chuyờn tha nh hiờn tai phõn t (Ving) - The man who ̉ ̉ ̀ ̣ ̣ ư ̀

understands what I say is a talent

 The man understanding what I say is a talent Nờ u trong mờnh đờ what I say is a talent Nờ u trong mờnh đờ ́ ́ ̣ ̣ ̀ ̀ quan hờ thi tiờ p diờ n thi chu ng ta bo đi đai t quan hờ va đụng ̣ ở ̀ ́ ̃ ̀ ́ ̉ ̣ ư ̀ ̣ ̀ ̣

quan hờ thi tiờ p diờ n thi chu ng ta bo đi đai t quan hờ va đụng ̣ ở ̀ ́ ̃ ̀ ́ ̉ ̣ ư ̀ ̣ ̀ ̣

t to Be ư ̀

 - The man who is driving on the left side is illegal

 The man driving on the left side is illegal Nờ u trong mờnh đờ quan The man driving on the left side is illegal Nờ u trong mờnh đờ quan ́ ́ ̣ ̣ ̀ ̀

hờ la thi hoa n tha nh (th ̣ ̀ ̀ ̀ ̀ ươ ̀ ng la qua kh hoa n tha nh) thi ̀ ́ ư ́ ̀ ̀ ̀

chu ng ta bo đai t quan hờ, chuyờn tr đụng t HAD tha nh ́ ̉ ̣ ư ̀ ̣ ̉ ợ ̣ ư ̀ ̀

HAVING hoăc bo đi thi Vpp biờ n tha nh Ving ̣ ̉ ̀ ́ ̀

 - After he had finished his homework, he went out.

 - After having finished his homework, he went out.

 - After finishing his homework, he went out

 - Having finished his homework, he went out

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 2 Past participle clauses: Sử dung qua khứ phân từ để thay thế Sử dung qua khứ phân từ để thay thế ̣ ̣ ́́

 Cu ng tCu ng t̃̃ ươương t nh dang 1., nh ng chi s dung mờnh đờ na y cho cõu bi đụng ng t nh dang 1., nh ng chi s dung mờnh đờ na y cho cõu bi đụng ựự ư ̣ư ̣ ưư ̉ ử̉ ử ̣̣ ̣̣ ̀̀ ̀̀ ̣̣ ̣̣

 The man who was arrested by police had been a robber

 - The man arrested by police had been a robber

 3 To -infinitive clauses: Sử dung ụng từ nguyên mãu để thay thế Sử dung ụng từ nguyên mãu để thay thế ̣ ̣ đ ̣ đ ̣

 Cu ng tCu ng t̃̃ ươương t nh dang 1 nh ng dang na y chi s dung khi: ng t nh dang 1 nh ng dang na y chi s dung khi: ựự ư ̣ư ̣ ưư ̣̣ ̀̀ ̉ ử̉ ử ̣̣

 a Mờnh đờ chi nh dang so sa nh nhõ t a Mờnh đờ chi nh dang so sa nh nhõ t ̣̣ ̀̀ ́́ ở ̣ở ̣ ́́ ́́

 - The most important thing which is said today is conservation

 - The most important thing to be said today is conservation

 - The most integral protection which needs mentioning is the wild life

 - The most integral protection to need mentioning is the wild life

 b Mờnh đờ chi muc đi ch b Mờnh đờ chi muc đi ch ̣̣ ̀̀ ̉̉ ̣̣ ́́

 - This is the most delicious restaurant where we can have dinner

 - This is the most delicious restaurant to have dinner

 c Danh t trong mờnh đờ chi nh luụn đi cu ng: the first, the second, the third,…, c Danh t trong mờnh đờ chi nh luụn đi cu ng: the first, the second, the third,…, ưừ̀ ̣̣ ̀̀ ́́ ̀̀the next, the last, the only…

 - The last person who leaves out of the room has to turn off the light

 - The last person to leave out of the room has to turn off the light

 - Cao bang upper secondary school is the only school where we can train the talented and gifted students

 - Cao bang upper secondary school is the only school to train the talented and gifted students

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 4 Non-relative clauses: Bo hăn đ i t 4 Non-relative clauses: Bo hăn đ i t ̉ ̉ ̉ ̉ ạ ư ạ ừ̀ quan hê khi no la m tân ng quan hê khi no la m tân ng ̣ ̣ ́́ ̀̀ ư ữ̃

 Chi co thê bo hăn đi đai t quan hê khi ma no la m ch c năng tân ng Chi co thê bo hăn đi đai t quan hê khi ma no la m ch c năng tân ng ̉̉ ́́ ̉̉ ̉̉ ̉̉ ̣ ự ừ̀ ̣̣ ̀̀ ́ ̀́ ̀ ưứ́ ưữ̃

(objective)

 The man whom/who I am meeting for lunch is a staff of training and education ministry

 The man I am meeting for lunch is a staff of training and education ministry

 E Relative pronoun: THAT

 THAT đTHAT đượ ửượ ửc s dung đê thay thê cho who, whom, which trong mênh đê han đinh c s dung đê thay thê cho who, whom, which trong mênh đê han đinh ̣̣ ̉̉ ́́ ̣̣ ̀̀ ̣̣ ̣̣

Co nh ng tŕ ữ ường h p câ n s dung THAT ợ ̀ ử ̣

  trong so sa nh nhâ t trong so sa nh nhâ t ́́ ́́

  trong cu danh t không xa c đinh ngtrong cu danh t không xa c đinh ng̣̣ ưừ̀ ́́ ̣̣ ươườ̀i hay vât i hay vât ̣̣

  trong ca c đai t bâ t đinh (anyone, something, none…) trong ca c đai t bâ t đinh (anyone, something, none…) ́́ ̣ ự ừ̀ ́́ ̣̣

  trong câu trâ n thuât (reported speech) trong câu trâ n thuât (reported speech) ̀̀ ̣̣

  trong dang the first, second, third, next, last, only… +N trong dang the first, second, third, next, last, only… +N ̣̣

  trong so that (chi muc đi ch) trong so that (chi muc đi ch) ̉̉ ̣̣ ́́

  trong so/ such… that (chi qua kha năng) trong so/ such… that (chi qua kha năng) ̉̉ ́́ ̉̉

  trong câu bi đông đăc biêt trong câu bi đông đăc biêt ̣̣ ̣̣ ̣̣ ̣̣

  trong lô i no i it was not until … that trong lô i no i it was not until … that ́́ ́́

  trong dang thay thê cho mênh đê (nh which: connector) That he died is trong dang thay thê cho mênh đê (nh which: connector) That he died is ̣̣ ́́ ̣̣ ̀̀ ưư

concerned with you

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 8 REPORTED SPEECH: cõu trõ n thuõt 8 REPORTED SPEECH: cõu trõ n thuõt ̀ ̀ ̣ ̣

 D ng cõu na y D ng cõu na y ạ ạ ̀ ̀ thường i t xuõ t hiờn trong đờ thi, i t xuõ t hiờn trong đờ thi, ́ ́ ́ ́ ̣ ̣ ̀ ̀

du co thi cu ng chi mụt, hoăc hai cõu dang viờ t ̀ ́ ̀ ̃ ̉ ̣ ̣ ở ̣ ́

lai cõu sao cho khụng thay đụi nghi a Vi võy ca c ̣ ̉ ̃ ̀ ̣ ́

em h c sinh khi đ c phõ n na y, chi cõ n nă m ọ ọ ̀ ̀ ̉ ̀ ́

v ng kiờ n th c c ban Cõu trõ n thuõt (Co n g i ư ̃ ̀ ư ́ ơ ̉ ̀ ̣ ̀ ọ

la cõu tr c tiờ p va cõu gia n cõu tiờ p) la cõu ̀ ự ́ ̀ ́ ́ ̀

thuõt l i l i ạ ờ

thuõt l i l i ạ ờ người kha c (thõm chi mi nh) no i kha c (thõm chi mi nh) no i ́ ́ ̣ ̣ ́ ́ ̀ ̀ ́ ́ Dõ u Dõ u ́ ́ hiờu nhõn biờ t cõu tr c tiờ p: nă m trong hai dõ u nha y: ̣ ̣ ́ ự ́ ̀ ́ ́

hiờu nhõn biờ t cõu tr c tiờ p: nă m trong hai dõ u nha y: ̣ ̣ ́ ự ́ ̀ ́ ́

“…” Vi du: “I love you” he said to me Chu ng ta thuõt lai ́ ̣ ́ ̣ ̣

cõu no i na y thi co nghi a la chu ng ta đang du ng cõu ́ ̀ ̀ ́ ̃ ̀ ́ ̀

gia n tiờ p: He said to me/ told me that he loved me ́ ́

Nguyờn tă c chung: ́ Thi cua ca c đụng t trong cõu Thi cua ca c đụng t trong cõu ̀ ̀ ̉ ̉ ́ ́ ̣ ̣ ư ư ̀ ̀

gia n tiờ p thay đụi theo nguyờn tă c ́ ́ ̉ ́

gia n tiờ p thay đụi theo nguyờn tă c ́ ́ ̉ ́ LU I MễT THI LU I MễT THI ̀ ̀ ̣ ̣ ̀ ̀

Vấ QUA KH ̀ ́ Ứ (back-shift

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Reported speech refers to using a noun clause to report what someone has said No quotations marks are used Verb forms also change from direct speech to reported speech as follow.

REPORTED SPEECH

 She said (that) she watched TV every day.

 She said she was watching TV.

 She said she had watched TV.

 She said she would watch TV.

 She said she was going to watch TV.

 She said she could watch TV.

 She said she might watch TV

 She said she might watch TV.

 She said she had to watch TV.

 She said she should watch TV.

 She said she ought to watch TV.

 She told me to watch TV.

 She asked (me) if I watched TV.

She wanted to know what I had done the night before.

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e) She said, I “

e) She said, I “ will watch TV.”

f) She said, I “

f) She said, I “ am going to watch TV.”

g) She said, I can “

g) She said, I can “ watch TV.”

m) She said, I “ ought to watch TV.”

REPORTED SPEECH

 She said she might watch TV

She wanted to know what I had done the night before.

Direct speech:

She said , “ Watch TV.”

Reported speech:

She told me to watch TV.

If the reporting verb (e.g., said) is in the past, the verb in the

In reported speech, an imperative is changed to an infinitive

Tell is used instead of say as the reporting verb

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Bảng đổi các đại từ chỉ thị, phó từ chỉ địa điểm và thời gian

The next/ the following day

In two days' time The following + Time The previous + Time Time + before

Then That, Those There, Overthere

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 Vi du: “I’m going to do my exercises tomorrow.” She Vi du: “I’m going to do my exercises tomorrow.” She ́ ́ ̣ ̣ said to me

 - She told me that she was going to do her exercises the next day ( hoăc the following day) + “he will come ̣

in time next time”

 - She said that he would come in time the following

time

 +“this house was built 5 years ago” she said

 - She said that that house had been built 5 years

before

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