TAI LIEU ON THI TN Tiếng Anh 2010

Usage Cách dùng : - Diển tả một hành động đang tiếp diễn ở thời điểm nói ở hiện tại... Note :* Be going to +Vo dùng để diển tả 1 hành động sắp xảy ra mà hiện tượng của nó đã xuất hiện

Tài Liệu Ơn Thi Tốt Nghiệp THPT

b Usage (Cách dùng ) :

- Diển tả một chân lí , một sự thật hiển nhiên

Ex : The Earth goes round the sun / He is a doctor / - Tom comes from

England

- Diển tả 1 thói quen hoặc 1 việc xảy ra thường xuyên ở hiện tại ( always , often

= usually , sometimes = now and then , seldom , rarely , never, every ) dùng để nhận biết

Ex : He often goes to class late / My mother gets up early every morning

Note : Thêm – es vào sau những động từ tận cùng : o , s , x ,z ,sh , ch.

2 The Present Continuous (Thì hiện tại tiếp diễn )

b Usage ( Cách dùng ) :

- Diển tả một hành động đang tiếp diễn ở thời điểm nói ( ở hiện tại )

* Dấu hiệu nhận biết : now , right now = at once , at ( the / this / present ) time,

at the moment, Ra lệnh ( Look ! Listen ! ) Ex : - She is listening to his teacher now

- Diễn tả 1 hành động sẽ xảy ra ở tương lai ( có kế hoạch từ trước )

Ex : She is getting married next year.

Note :* Be going to +Vo dùng để diển tả 1 hành động sắp xảy ra mà hiện tượng của nó

đã xuất hiện hoặc 1 hành động tương lai có dự định trước

Ex: The grey dark appears It is going to rain

3 The Present Perfect (Thì hiện tại hoàn thành )

a Form :

- Khẳng định : S + has / have + V3 , ed - Phủ định : S + has / have ( not ) V3 , ed

- Nghi vấn : Has / Have + S + V3 , ed ?

b Usage ( Cách dùng ) :

Diển tả một hành động vừa mới xảy ra hoặc xảy ra không rõ thời gian (thường đi kèm

với các từ just , recently = lately, not yet, ever, never, aleady )

Ex : We haven’t finished our homework yet

Diển tả 1 hành động : Bắt đầu từ quá khứ … kéo dài đến hiện tại … có khả năng tiếp

tục ở tương lai ( thường đi với các từ since , for ) Ex : - They have lived here for

- Nghi vấn : Did + S + Vo … ?

b Usage : Diển tả hành động đã xảy ra, chấm dứt trong quá khứ ( đôi khi biết

rõ thời gian ) thường có các từ đi kèm : yesterday ,ago , last ( week /night … ) , in 1990 ( thời gian ở quá khứ )

Note : Thói quen ở quá khứ # thói quen ở hiện tại.

- Always, often = usually + V2,ed = used to + Vo hoặc was / were / got used

5 The Past Continuous (Thì quá khứ tiếp diễn )

a Form : S + was / were + V - ing

Ex: We were studying Maths at this time yesterday

b Usage :

- Diển tả một hành động đang xảy ra vào 1 thời điểm xác định trong quá khứ

Ex : - What were you doing at 4 p.m yesterday ?

- Diển tả 1 hành động đang xảy ra vào 1 thời điểm xác định ở quá khứ hoặc 1 hành động đang xảy ( hành động này kéo dài hơn ) thì có hành động khác xen vào

Ex: What were you doing at 4 p.m yesterday ? We were watching television when he

came

- Diển tả 2 hành động đang xảy ra cùng lúc ở quá khứ

Ex: Yesterday , while I was reading a book , my sister was watching T.V

Dấu hiệu nhận biết : at ( the / this / that ) time, at the moment, at 4p.m + thời gian ở quákhứ ( yesterday, last ) Ex : He was watching film at the moment yesterday.

6 The Past perfect (Thì quá khứ hoàn thành )

a Form : S + had V3 , ed

b Usage : Diển tả một hành động xảy ra trước 1 hành động khác trong quá khứ

hoặc trước 1 thời điểm ở quá khứ Ex : When he got up this morning , my mother

had already left

Dấu hiệu nhận biết : before , after

7 The simple future : (Thì tương lai đơn )

a Form : S + shall / will Vo

b Usage : Diển tả hành động sẽ xảy ra ở tương lai : tomorrow , next ( week /

month ) … , in 2010

8 The Perfect Future : ( Tương lai hoàn thành )

Form S + will have V 3,ed

Dấu hiệu nhận biết : By the end of … Ex : By the end of this year, I will have had a

I Put the verb in brackets into the past simple or the past perfect.

1 When I ……… (reach) the station , the train (already, leave)

2 It was not until I (read) your letter that I (understand) the truth

3 He ( sleep) all night but he (be) still tired in the morning

4 Tom and John (know )each other because they (meet) the summer before

5 I (rush) to the air port , but the plane (leave)

6 I (start) college as soon as I (finish ) the school

7 Everyone (eat) dinner by the time we (get ) to the dinning room

8 somebody (tell) me that I (late) for the train

9 My wife (buy) a new hat after I (ask) her not to do so

10.A woman (come) in with a baby , who she (say) just (swallow) a safety pin

II Put the verb in brackets into the past simple or the past continuous.

1.she (work) very hard yesterday.

2 They suddenly (realize) that they (travel) in the wrong direction

3 when I (pick) up the teapot the handle (come) off

While I (swim) , someone (steal) my clothes and I (have) to walk home in my swim suit

4 While I (wonder) whether to buy the dress or not someone else (come) and (buy) it

5.Everyone (read) quietly when suddenly the door (burst) open and

a complete stranger (rush) in

6 when he (come) I (watch) TV

7 I (water) the flower it (start) to rain

8.She (talk) to John when I (arrive)

III Put the verb in brackets into the present perfect or the simple past

1 she is studying She (start) to study tem minutes ago She (study) for fifteen minutes

2 The taxi (come) ; so we must go

3 I live in this flat , I (move) here in 1995 (live) since 1995

4 Peter: You (see) any good films lately?

Tom: yes, I (go) to Hoa Binh theatre last week and (see) a

Japanese film

5 We (telephone) your office everyday this week

6 I (never, visit) Australia, but I ( see) a program on T.V about it two weeks ago

7 World war II (end) in 1945

8 They (work) at the bookstore, they (take) the same classes, and they (live) in the same dormitory

9 where (you, be) all this morning? It’s nearly midday now

10.Where (you, be) this morning? I rang you up several times before

midday

A Barbara Lively, the writer , is married with two children She …1……( write) over

40 books She ……2…( start) writing after the death of her first husband She …3……(live) in many parts of the world she ……4…(spend) her childhood in Egypt, but ……5…(come) to England in 1966 She …6……( write) both prose and poetry, but is bestknown for her romantic novels She………7 (win) many wards , including the bookerprize , which she ……8… (win ) in 1988 for the novel “ Dark Times to come”

1 a writes b wrote c has written d written

2 a starts b started c was starting d had started

3 a lives b has lived c lived d living

4 a has spend b spent c had spent d has spent

5 a has come b had come c came d comes

6 a writes b is writing c wrote d has written

7 a wins b won c has won d win

8 a wins b won c has won d win

I Give the correct form of the verb :

1 I (walk) down the street when I (see) this man I thought I knew I probably wouldn’thave recognized him if he (not smile) at me, but I’d known that smile any where.Christ! I (not see) him since I left college We went and had a drink and (talk) aboutold times and the people we’d known and the things we (do) together He (tell) me

he spent the first few years after college working in a hospital in Brazil and then he(find) a job teaching He said he (be) married but it hadn’t worked out, and they(get) divorced It seemed that he (have) a pretty bad time; but he said that nowthings (start) to get better I said I (often think) about him, and had wondered what(happen) to him

2 I met George and Linda someday last week as I (walk) through the park They (be)

to the Sports Center where they had been playing tennis They (go) to a café for a drink and invited me to join them but I (arrange) to meet a friend and (not, have) time

Part II: THE SEQUENCE OF TENSES IN ADVERBIAL CLAUSES OF TIME ( Hòa hợp thì trong menh de trang ngu )

Ex : When / by the time he comes, he will have taken a break for 15 minutes

Remind me when I forget

- When + S + V2/ ed , S+ V2/ ed ( 2 chủ từ giống nhau )

S + was / were + Ving ( 2 chủ từ khác nhau / hành động diển ra lâu hơn )

S + had + V3,ed ( just, already, for + time / hành động xảy ra trước )

Ex : When we came, they were dancing / When we came, we saw many people there

When I got home, everybody had gone to bed.

2.While :

- While S + am / is / are + V-ing , S + V1 / Vs, es ( often, usually, always )

- While S + was / were + V-ing , S + was / were + V- ing ( 2 hđộng đồng thời xảy ra ở quá khứ )

S + V2 , ed

3 Before + S + V2/ ed , S + had + V3 , ed # After + S + had + V3,ed , S + V2/ ed

4 Since S + V2/ ed , S + have / has + V3,ed

Note : - Before he went to bed, he had brushed his teeth

- After I finish my homework, I will watch TV ( Hiện tại )

Bài tập áp dụng

1 By the time you (get ) there, the train (already leave)

2 Before my family (move ) here , we ( live) in Hue for ten years

3 After she ( finish) work , she (go) out for coffee

4 As soon as the police (come) , the theft (run ) away

5 My sister ( work) for that company for 6 years before she (move) to Paris

6 …

1 Her eyes were red because she

A- had been crying B- has been crying C- has been cried D- has cried

2 He saw a bear while he _ in the forest

A- am walking B- walked C- were walking D- was walking

3 “Would you like to go to the pop concert?” -Thanks, but I _ it already A- had seen B- have been seeing C- have seen D- did see

4 My brother for a job since he graduated from college

A- has been looking B- was looking C- looked D- is looking

5 “How are you feeling?” -“I’ve been feeling better since _”

A- the doctor has came B- the doctor will come C- the doctor had come D- the doctor came

6 His mother _ English in a junior high school

A- teach B- teaches C- teaching D- have taught

7 Jane is 18 years old, but she sometimes acts as a child She seems to be _ for her age

A- inattentive B- informal C- dishonest D- immature

8 My father asked me of the film

A what do you think B what I think C what did you think D what I thought

9 Mr Gibbon usually drinks mineral water, but in this party he champagne

A drinks B will drink C has drunk D is drinking

10 Mary………… to work everyday, but today she ……….for the bus

a is driving / waits b drives/ is waiting

c has driven / is going to wait d is going to drive / has waited

11 She seemed……… some trouble with her computer

12 The problem………we could not find the way to get out of the forests before it got darker and darker

a was to b was which c was that d that was

13 Please close the windows The rain………

a came b is coming c would come d.had come

14 Are you free this afternoon? - No, I am not I…………a lecture given byProfessor Jones

a am attending b attend c attended d have attended15 What will you do with this room ? I …………it repainted

a have had b had c is going to have d would have

15.There is an international football match on T.V tonight Liverpool ……… against Manchester

a are playing b has played c was playing d has been playing

16 These boys …………in the garden for three hours

a are working b have been working c will be working d

were working

A TRANSFORMATION OF VERBS ( Biến đổi động từ )

1 S + have / has not V3,ed + ( O ) for / since + time Ex : I have not met him for 3 years

The last time + S + V2/ ed was time ago

2 S + started / began / came + V –ing / to – Vo / N + time ago

S + has / have V3,ed + since / for + time

S + has / have +been + Ving + since / for + time

Ex : I started working here 2 months ago ……… 1.The last time I saw him was in 1998 n

2.It’s ten years since we met each other

3.I have never seen such a good film before

4.Mai began playing the piano in 1998

5 I bought that book yesterday

Rewrite the sentence without changing their meaning

1. She started working as a secretary five years ago

> She has

2. I had a swim in the sea for the first time

This

3. This is the first science fiction film I have seen

I have never

4. She has not been to the hairdresser for three months

It is

5. Laurence last saw his sister when she left for Japan

Laurence has not

1. The last time it rained was a fortnight ago

It hasn't

B : Subject and Verb Agreement ( Sự hòa hợp chủ ngữ – động từ )

* Trường hợp 1 : Động từ chia ở số ít

1 Chủ từ là từ chỉ thời gian ( year / month / week / day ), tiền bạc ( dollar, pound ), khoảng cách(…metres ,mile) , trọng lượng ( ton )

Ex : Ten tons of rice was distributed to the poor

2 Chủ từ là V-ing hoặc To – Vo

Ex : Swimming is good for your health

3 Chủ từ là các đại từ không xác định : no -, each - , every - , …… body, …… one,

….thing

Ex : No students is absent Everything comes to you

4 Chủ từ là một mệnh đề

Ex : That books are best friends has been proved

5 Chủ từ là các từ chỉ môn học ( tận cùng bằng ICS như physics … ), bệnh tật ( mumps , meascles, rickets ), tên riêng ( Miss White ), danh từ không đếmđược ( news, goods, water, sugar …… ), danh từ số ít ( thường không có s, es )

Ex : Physics is difficult to study

* Trường hợp 2 : Động từ chia ở số nhiều

1 Chủ từ là danh từ số nhiều ( thường tận cùng –s, es hoặc people, children, men, women )

Ex : My jeans are torn

2 Chủ từ là The + adj ( the poor, the rich, the blind … )

3 Both ……… and …… ( Both Peter and Mary are at the party )

* Các trường hợp khác :

- One of N ( Số nhiều ) ………… + V-số ít ………

Ex : One of the most important things to succeed is hard – working

- A number of ……… + V- số nhiều

The number of ……… + V – số ít

- S1 + 0R + S2 …

Either + S1 + or + S2 …… Động từ hòa hợp với S2

Neither + S1 + nor + S2 ……

Not ( only ) + S1 + but ( also ) + S2

Ex : Either Tom or his parents are absent

- S1 + as well as + S2

along / together with Động từ hòa hợp với S1

giới từ ( in, with … )

Ex : She as well as her friends has just come

- There be ……… Động từ be ( is, are, was, were ) hòa hợp với danh từ đứng sau

Note : + A lot of = lots of = plenty of ( = much / many : nhiều ) + Dtừ đếm được số nhiều / dtừ không đếm được

+ A few ( = some : một vài ) , few ( rất ít ) + Danh từ đếm được số nhiều

+ A little ( = some : một vài ), little ( rất ít ) + Danh từ không đếm được

Bài Tập áp dụng

Exercise 1 Choose the best option

1 Despite she was in her middle age, she looked very graceful and charming

A B C D

2 It was so a difficult mathematic puzzle that we could not do it

9 John's father as well as his brothers………here yesterday

A) have been B) was C) had been D) were

10) The number of the students in this class……… 30

A) has B) is C) have D) are

1 No news - good news

A is B are C were

D have been

2 Here - some accounts that you must check

3 A lot of homework - me tired

A make B makes C have made D are

making

4 Not only Mr Pike but also his sons - tea

A likes B like C has liked D liking

5 Mathematics - us with many aspects

A helps B help C have helped D helping

6 The United States - of about 160 nations

A consists B consist C Consisting D have consisted

7 Coffee contains caffeine, and -

A tea does so B so tea does C so does tea D does tea so

8 Both Tom - Mary are students

A and B nor C or D with

9 Plenty of milk - consumed everyday

A are B is C was D were10.Neither you nor I - responsible for the bad result

A are B is C am D be

11.Ten thousand dollars - a large sum of money

A are B is C were D being

12 I can not speak Spanish – -

A So can I B Neither can I C Either can I D Neither can’t I

13.Both Jane and Mary, as well as John, - ready for the exam

14.Working for 12 hours a day - her very tired

A make B makes C making D have made

15.The number of the days in a week - seven

16.What he told you - to be of no importance

A seems B seem C is seeming D has seemed

17.The army - eliminated this section of the training test

18.The quality of these recordings - not very good

19 - Julia - her sister are going to the party

A Both /and B Neither / nor C Either /or D Not only / but also

20 My wife had never been to Hue, and - I

A never hav B neither have C neither had D neither did

Exercise 2

1 The longest fish in the contest was eighteen inches long"

"It _ by Thelma Rivers"

a was catching b is caught c was caught d catch

2 "I heard you decided to take up tennis"

"Yes, I have _ every day"

a been played b been playing c playing d been play

3 "Are we about to have dinner?"

"Yes, it _ in the dinning room"

a is serving b serves c is being served d was served

4 "Why is Stanley in jail?" "He _ of robbery"

a has been convicted b has been being convicting

c has convicted d was convicted

5 "Where are Jack and Jan?" "They the boxes you asked for into the house"

a have been bringing b bringing c have been brought d is brought

6 "Where's the old chicken coop?"

"It _ by a windstorm last year"

a is being destroy b is destroyed c was destroyed d will be destroyed

7 "We're still looking for Thomas"

"Hasn't he _ yet?"

a been found b to find c was found d being found

8 "Whatever happened t that fortune - teller?"

"I don't know She _ around her in a long time"

a hasn't seen b was not seen c hasn't been seeing d hasn't been seen

9 "Diana is a wonderful ballet dancer"

"She _ since she was four"

a has been dancing b has been danced c is danced d was danced

10 "What a beautiful dress you're wearing!"

"Thank you It _ especially for me by a French tailor"

a is made b has made c had been made d was made

Passive in reported form

1- People say that he has lived here for 10 years

2- They believed that an apple a day kept doctors away

3- People said that jobs are important to the youth

4- They thought that Nam was killed in the jungle by one of his colleagues 5- It is reported that a little girl was found in the park by the police

Part 5 : The comparisons of Adj / Adv Các hình thức so sánh của tính từ và trạng từ )

1 So sánh bằng :

- Khẳng định : as + adj / adv + as

- Phủ định : not as / so + adj / adv + as

2 So sánh hơn :

a Tính từ ngắn : adj + ER than

b Tính từ dài : more + adj + than

3 So sánh nhất :

a Tính từ ngắn : the adj + EST + ( NOUN )

b Tính từ dài : the most adj + ( NOUN )

4 So sánh kép :

- So sánh hơn and so sánh hơn ( more and more crowded,safer and more careful )

- the so sánh hơn , the so sánh hơn ( the younger , the easier )

@ Hình thức so sánh phổ biến :

Note : * Các hình thức so sánh phổ biến :

So sánh hơn so sánh bằng ( phủ định ) hoặc so sánh hơn ( tính từ trái nghĩa )

Ex : He drives more carefully than his brother.

His brother does not drive as carefully as him.

His brother drives more carelessly than him.

Chủ ngữ phủ định + so sánh hơn

Ex : No students in his class is clever than TamTam is the cleverest in his class

* Tính or trạng từ đặc biệt :

good / well - better than – the best bad - worse than - the worst

1 Sarah is better at chemistry than Susan > Susan isn’t

2 Apples is usually cheaper than oranges >Apples are not

3 She is a better cook than her sister > Her sister doesn’t

4 She drove more carefully than John > She is

5 She knew much more about it than I did > I didn’t

6 You didn’t speak English as fluently as I did > I

7 I ran faster than Tom > Tom didn’t

8 My salary is high but yours is higher > I can’t

9 They are ……… they used to be

a more careful than b as careful than

c careful more than d more than careful

10 Gas is ……….coal

a more cheap then b more cheaper as

c much cheaper than d so cheaper than

1 My house is (big) bigger than yours

2 This flower is (beautiful) than that one

3 This is the (interesting) book I have ever read

4 Non-smokers usually live (long) than smokers

5 Which is the (dangerous) animal in the world?

6 A holiday by the sea is (good) than a holiday in the mountains

7 It is strange but often a coke is (expensive) than a beer

8 Who is the (rich) woman on earth?

9 The weather this summer is even (bad) than last summer

10 He was the (clever) thief of all

Choose the best option

1.Toommy has ( good / better ) qua;ifications than the other applicants

II CHOOSE THE CORRECT ANSWER ONLY ONE IS CORRECT.

1 to our surprise, the so-called cheap shop was we expected

a as twice as expensive b expensive as twice as

c twice as expensive as d as expensive as twice

2 mr johnson's company has expanded rapidly it's grown :

a the biggest b bigger c as big as d bigger and bigger

3 our old flat was near the. shops our new place is , for shopping

a less convenient b better and better

c the least expensive ' d the most dangerous

4 the more expensive the car is, the ………

a less buyers b less economical

c more comfortable d more quickly

5 the larger the surface area is, the ………

6 the smaller the room is, the………… it retains heat.

7 the more you work, the……… you can earn

a more promotion b more tired

8 the warmer and damper the weather is, the better it is for insects and bacteria……

a growing b to breed c to be bred d breeding

9 the…the hotel is, the more comfortable its rooms are and the better service it supplies

to its guests

a cheaper b larger c more expensive d more storey

10 the more i live with her, the……… i understand her

11 the more i look into this problem, the more complicated it seems …………

12 the more………….you eat, the fatter you become

13 he cannot express what he means clearly therefore, the more he speaks,… i

understand

14 the book is interesting the more i read it, the more i am………… in it

15 we could enjoy the fresh air when we came……… to the sea

16 nowadays everything is getting…………

a more expensive b more expensive and more expensive

c more and more expensive d the most expensive

17 it is……….embarrassing experience i have ever met

18 it is getting……… find a good job in hanoi if you don't have qualifications

a more and more b less and less c the most d the least

-19 two hundred years ago people thought it to travel to the moon

c less impossible d the most impossible

20 the more money you have, the more easily you can profits

21 the fatter i become, the………i run

22 the more i learn, the more i realize that my……….is still poor

23 he is unreliable the more he promises,………….i believe him

24 the longer you stay at the hotel, the more money you have…………

25 the more cigarettes you smoke, the………… you will die

Part 6 : Sentence Patterns ( Maãu caâu )

1 S + V + so adj / adv that + S +V ( can / will Vo )

2 S + V + such ( a / an ) adj Noun that + S + V

Ex1 : The lesson is very difficult Nobody can understand it

The lesson is so ……….

It is such ………

Ex2 : The film is so interesting that I have seen it twice,

It is such ………

3 S + V( khẳng định ) + too adj / adv ( for O ) + to - Vo ( quá …… nên không thể )

4 S + V + adj / adv enough ( for O ) + to - Vo

Ex3 : The box is so heavy that she can’t carry it

The box is too ………

Ex4 : This shirt is too expensive for me to buy

This shirt isn’t ………

5 It + is / was + adj + ( for O ) + to -V 0 ……

V -ing + is / was + adj + to – Vo …

Ex 5 : It is dangerous to go alone at midnight

Going

6 S + be + of + ( adj ) + N

Ex : Fresh air is of great use to our health

Note : So adj / adv that ( cho đến nỗi mà ) # so that ( để / để mà )

Too / so much + Dtừ không đếm được # too / so many + Dtừ số nhiều đếm ;

1 The lesson was very difficult Students can’t do it at all

 It was such

2 The book was so interesting that I read it twice

It was such ………

3.The car is so old that he cannot drive it

The car is not

4.The car was so rusty that it couldn't be repaired

The car was too

5.The weather was so fine Consequently the children spent the whole day in the garden

(mixed

)

S+ V2 ( present time) S+ had + V3 ( past time)

S would/could have + V3 ( past time )

S + would/ could + V ( present time)

EX: (mixed)

1 I didn’t have dinner last night so I am hungry now

 If I had had dinner, I wouldn’t be hungry now

2 I didn’t study hard so I can do this exercise easily now

-  If I had studied hard , I could do this exercise easily now

Notes: when we want to OMIT IF , we must use inversion

- Should you meet him , please give him my book

- were I rich , I would help you

- were it not his help, I would die

- Had I not studied hard , I would have failed the exam

I/ Give the correct verb forms.

1. They would do it if they (can)

2. If I (be) you, I (tell) her the truth

3. If she were older, she (have) more sense

4. We all (not,go) to school if tomorrow (be) Sunday

5. Peter would answer the phone if he (be) in

IV/ Make conditional sentences, using the words provided.

1 If/today/be/Sunday/We/not go/to school

2 If/she/be/5 years younger/I/marry/her

3 What/you/buy/if/you/have/one million dollars now?

4 If/pig/have/wings/they/fly

I Give the correct tense of the verbs in parentheses (5ms)

1 If you (continue) to talk so loudly, I’m sure you (ask) toleave

2 A huge tree crashed through the roof and broke his bed If he (be) in bed

at the time, he (kill)

3 Without oxygen, human beings (not / exist)

4 If the woman (have) more money, she (buy) some warm clothes for thecoming winter, but poor her, she doesn’t have enough money

5 If I (not / stay up) late last night, I (not / be ) so tired now.

6 I (phone) you some days ago, but I didn’t know your phone number

II Rewrite the following sentences, using the words given (5ms)

1 Hurry up or we’ll be late

2 Bài tập sửa lỗi : Kiểm tra công thức của 02 mệnh đề và If / Unless.

3 If # Unless = If not : Unless + S + V ( khẳng định )

Ex : These plants will die unless he waters them

4 Viết lại câu đã cho, sử dụng câu điều kiện :

Bước 1 : Xác định loại điều kiện ( thường là ĐK 2,3 )

Tương lai ( thì , trạng từ : ……… ) ĐK 1

Hiện tại ( thì, trạng từ : ……… ) ĐK 2

Quá khứ ( thì, trạng từ : ……… ) ĐK 3

Bước 2 : Xác định mệnh đề If ( sau because ), mệnh đề chính

Bước 3 : Dùng công thức để viết lại ( ngược thể với câu đã cho : khẳng định Phủ định )

Ex 1 : Mary didn’t come, so we cancelled the meeting

………

Part 8 : Wishes ( Câu ao ước )

Tương lai S + could / would + Vo ) Hiện tại : S + were / V2, ed …… Quá khứ : S + had V3,ed Note : cách xác định giống câu ĐK.Note : S + regret ( not ) V –ing thi su dung DK3 va ao uoc o qua khu

Ex : She regretted not working hard ……… She wishes she had worked hard

I didn’t invite her to my party > I wish

She didn’t concentrate on her study much so she failed the exm  She wish

Nam isn’t here with us – We wish

Part 9 : Mệnh đề, cụm từ chỉ lý do, tương phản, kết quả va mục đích

1 Mệnh đề, cụm từ chỉ lý do ( vì, bởi vì, do ) :

Because + S + V # because of ( vì, bời vì ) + V – ing / NounNote : Due to / owing to được dùng như because of

2 Mệnh đề, cụm từ chỉ sự tương phản ( dù, mặc dù )

Although / even though / even if + S +V # in spite of / despite + V – ing / Noun

Ex : Although he didn’t study, he succeeded ( có although thì không có

but )

He didn’t study, but / yet he succeeded.

He didn’t study.However / nevertheless / on the other hand, he

succeeded

3 Mệnh đề, cụm từ chỉ kết quả ( vì thế, cho nên, kết quả là ) : so, therefore,

consequently, as a result

Ex : He felt hungry, so / consequently he ate two cakes.

He felt hungry.Therefore / As a result, he ate two cakes.

4 Mệnh đề chỉ mục đích ( để, để mà ): Câu đã cho có từ want, need, intend

S + V + in order ( not ) to S + V + so that + S + can / will ( not ) Vo ( hiện tại )

so as ( not ) to + Vo # S + V + so that + S + could / would ( not )

Vo ( quá khứ )

(not ) to

not ) To

In order (not) to +V( bare – inf)  … so that S + V

Complete the following sentences

a He is in a hurry …

b Alice prepared the lesson carefully so that …

c despite his serious illness…

d Because of his bad cold …

e Although he hasn’t eaten for 24 hours …

f He hurried to the station so as not to …

g Her spoke in a low voice so that …

h I studied hard so that

I please turn down the radio so that …

J We tried to study English well in order to

Clause /phrases of purposes

II Combine 2 sentences into one by using phrase or clause of purpose

1 He studies very hard He doesn’t want to fail the final examination

2 She practices English everyday she wanted to speak to foreigners

3 She bought a new car She wanted to make a trip to Canada

4 I got up early I didn’t want to be late for school

5 We lower the volume of the radio We don’t want to bother our neighbors

6 We wore warm clothes so that we wouldn’t get cold

7 I gave them my address so that they could contact me

8 We are having a party so that we can celebrate Ann’s birthday

9 I try to be on time so that the teacher wouldn’t punish me

10.The man spoke loudly he wanted that everyone could hear him clearly

I Fill in although, in spite of/despite

1 _ the weather was bad, we enjoyed our trip

2 The children slept well the noise

3 earning a low salary, Linda gave money to her parents

4 John rarely sees Paul _ they live in the same town

5 Julie failed the exam of working very hard

6 it was cold, she didn't put on her coat

7 Tom went to work _ not feeling very well

8 Anna never learned the language _ she lived there for two years

9 of the difficulty, they managed to climb to the top of the mountain.

10 I couldn't eat _ I was very hungry

II.Rewrite the following sentences with the same meaning, using the word provided

1) Although Tom was a poor student, he studied very well

Part 10 : Relative pronouns

1 Who : N ( người ) + who + V

2 Whom : N ( người ) + whom + S + V

3 Which : N ( vật ) + which

4 Where = in which : N ( nơi chốn ) + where + S + V

1 Whose : N 1 whose + N 2 ( N2 của N1 , whose thay thế tính từ sở hữu : his,her,

my, your )

2 When : N ( thời gian ) + when ……

3 Why = for which : đứng sau the reason

4 That :

+ That thay thế cho who, whom, which trong mđề không có dấu phẩy.

+ Không được dùng that sau dấu phẩy và sau giới từ ( sau giới từ dùng whom

hoặc which )

+ Bắt buộc dùng that :

 Sau so sánh nhất

 Sau đại từ không xác định : no - , some - , every - , any - + one / thing / body

 Sau chủ ngữ hổn hợp ( người và vật ) Ex : The man and his dog that ……

 Trong cấu trúc : It is / was noun / pronoun who / that ( It is Mary that I admire )

 Sau only / the first / the last + N Ex : The first thing that I do is ….

A Combine into one, using relative pronounce

Alice is my friend Her mother died last year

The boy will be punished He threw that stone

My sister wants to speak to you You met my sister yesterday

The flowers were roses I bought the flowers for my sister

Do you know the boy? He sat next to me at the dinner party

Swimming makes people strong It is a good sport

The woman is a nurse We saw her daughter last week

I will take you to Dalat You can enjoy pure air there

The car is very modern Mr Green was driving the car

10 The paint on the chair is still wet You are sitting on that chair

11 The man is a secretary You saw the man at the desk

12 The house was built twenty years ago We are living in the house

13 The girl is very beautiful Her dress is red

14 The road is narrow It leads to my village

15 Jane is a woman Jane is going to china next year

C Choose the best option

1 No body knows the school ………my uncle taught 10 years ago

2 This morning I met the girl ………you were talking about

3 The boy …………mother is an English teacher is very helpful

4 The man ………….answered the phone said you were out

5 Please tell me the reason …………you didn’t come to the party last night

6 The cat ………….leg was broken was found in an expensive restaurant

7 I never forget the place ………… we first met each other

8 The news ……… she moved to live in Laos, wasn’t surprised me

II Rewrite trhe sentence without changing their meaning

1 The people who were at the meeting will say nothing to the press

Part 11 : Reduced forms ( Hình thức rút gọn )

1 Câu có các đại từ quan hệ :

- Câu chủ động : Bỏ đại từ quan hệ, động từ chính trong câu đưa về nguyên mẫu (to-V) và thêm V– Ing

Ex : The man who is standing overthere is my father.

The man standing overthere is my father.

- Câu bị động : Bỏ đại từ quan hệ, động từ chính trong câu đưa về V3,ed

Ex : The chair which is made in Japan is expensive

The chair made in Japan is expensive.

Như vậy trong câu chỉ có 01 động từ chính được chia, dộng từ còn lại ở dạng V – ing ( chủ động hoặc V3,ed ( Bị động )

2.Hai câu có cùng chủ từ : Tương tự như trên

Ex : He met his old friends He felt very happy

Meeting his old friends, he felt very happy

3 Từ chỉ thời gian : While / when / after / before …

Ex : When I met him, I told him that story ……… Meeting him, I told him that story

Choose the word or phrase - a, b, c or d that best completes the sentence

1 Nellie Ross of Wyoming was the first woman…….governor in the United States

a who elected b to be elected c was elected d her election as

2.Pioneers, in isolated areas of the United States, were almost totally

self-sufficient

3.Completed in 1756, Nassau Hall is the oldest building now……… on the campus of Princeton University

a standing b it stands c has stood d stood

4.Jerome Kern's most famous work is Showboat,………… , most enduring musical

comedies

a it is one of the finest b of the finest one c the finest one d one of the finest5.……… in large quantities in the Middle East, oil became known as

black gold because of the large profit it brought

a Discovering b which was discovered c Discovered d That when discovered6.Neil Armstrong,……person to set foot on the moon, reported that the surface was fine and powdery

a the first b to be the first c was the first d as the first

7.The Massachusetts State House, …… in 1798, was the most distinguished building in the United States

at that time a completing b which was completed c was completed d to be completed

8.Lady Astor was the first woman her seat in Parliament

a take b to take c taking d who takes

9.Norman Weiner, mathematician and logician, had an important role in the development of the completer

10.War and Peace, ………… , was published in 1869

a. Leo Tolstoy's most celebrated novel c.which most celebrated novel of Leo

Tolstoy

b. is a Leo Tolstoy's most celebrated novel d.that is Leo Tolstoy's most celebrated novel

Part 12 : Reported Speech / Indirect Speech ( Lời nói tường thuật / gián tiếp )

1 Statement : ( Câu nói bình thường )

S + said to + O / told + O ( that ) + S would / could … + V0 ( Tương lai )

S had V3,ed ( Quá khứ )

 Tương lai : after, next, following

 Hiện tại : then, that day, this ( week, year … )

 Quá khứ : before, previous

2 Command : ( Mệnh lệnh )

a Khẳng định : S + asked / told / ordered / … + O + To – Vo …

b Phủ định : S + asked / told / ordered / … + O + Not To – Vo

- what / where / why … + To – Vo …

MỘT SỐ CÁCH BIẾN ĐỔI TƯƠNG ĐƯƠNG :

1 Would you like ……… thì sử dụng S invite O + to - Vo

Ex : Mary said to Peter : “ Would you like to go for walk ? “

Mary invited Peter to go for walk

2 If I were you … hoặc had better / should / ought to + Vo thì sử dụng S +

advise + O + not to – Vo

Ex : I said “ You should not smoke, Tam “

I advised Tam not to smoke

3 Shall we … ? / why don’t you … ? / Let’s … / How about / what about … ? thì sử dụng

S + suggest ( that ) S + should ( not ) Vo

Ex : Miss White said to her husband : “ Why don’t you give up drinking