Who: Dùng để thay thế cho DT chỉ người và làm chủ từ hoặc tân ngữ trong mệnh đề quan hệ.. Whom: Dùng để thay thế cho DT chỉ người và làm tân ngữ trong mệnh đề quan hệ.. Which: Dùng để th
Trang 1TRƯỜNG PTTH NGUYỄN TRƯỜNG TỘ
ĐỀ CƯƠNG ÔN TẬP THI HỌC KỲ II MÔN TIẾNG ANH LỚP: 11 -NH: 2011-2012
I LÝ THUYẾT:
A Hình thức ra đề thi : 40% trắc nghiệm, 60% tự luận.
B Nội dung : Ôn tập ở chương trình học kỳ 2 từ bài 9 đến bài 16 ( bỏ bài 14)
1 ĐTQH( who, whom, which, that, whose)
2 Giới từ + ĐTQH ( whom/ which)
3 Rút gọn MĐQH về V-ing, V3/ V-ed, to - Infinìtive
4 Ngữ âm
5 Bị động ( ôn lại các thì đã học)
6 Word form
7 Chọn lỗi sai(đại từ quan hệ, thì, cleft sentence ,tag questions,…)
8 Viết lại câu:
- dùng các đtqh: who, whom, which, that, whose
- dùng MĐQH dạng rút gọn
- giới từ + whom/ which
- câu chẻ ( Cleft sentence)
………
9.Đọc hiểu đoạn văn (chọn A,B,C,D) hoặc trả lời câu hỏi
* Cụ thể:
UNIT: 9,10, 11,12
Grammar: RELATIVE CLAUSES
EX: His lovely son, who has just won a marathon race, was a good student
A DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSE & NON-DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSE.
I Relative pronoun:
1 Who: Dùng để thay thế cho DT chỉ người và làm chủ từ hoặc tân ngữ trong mệnh đề quan hệ.
EX: I visited the man He helped me.® I visited the man who hepled me.
2 Whom: Dùng để thay thế cho DT chỉ người và làm tân ngữ trong mệnh đề quan hệ.
EX: He is the man I met him at the party ®He is the man whom I met at the party.
3 Which: Dùng để thay thế ch DT từ chỉ vật và làm chủ từ hoặc tân ngữ trong mệnh đề quan hệ.
EX: The movie was interesting We wanted to see it ®The movie which I wanted to see was
interesting
4 That: Có thể thay thế cho who,whom và which trong mệnh đề hạn định.
EX:The girl that you like very much has just left.
5 Whose: Dùng để thay thế cho TTSH hoặc DTSH.
EX: He is the young boy His father is a famous writer
® He is the young boy whose father is a famous writer
II Defining relative clauses: Mệnh đề hạn định
Dùng để bổ nghĩa cho DT đứng trước nó nhằm giải thích và làm rõ nghĩa cho DT đó Nếu ta bỏ đi MĐ này thì câu sẽ không rõ nghĩa
EX: The book which I borrowed from you is very interesting.
III.Non-defining relative clauses: Dùng để bổ nghĩa cho DT đứng trước nó nhằm bổ sung hoặc cung cấp
thêm thông tin về DT đó
Không dùng That ở mệnh đề QHKXĐ.MĐQHKXĐ được nối với mệnh đề chính bởi dấu phẩy (,).Nếu ta
bỏ MĐQHKXĐ này đi thì trong câu vẫn rõ nghĩa
EX: Dalat, which is a famous tourist city in Vietnam, attracts lots of travellers every year
*Để phân biệt Non-defining clauses ta cần chú ý những điểm sau:
- Khi DT mà nó bổ nghĩa là một DT riêng:
EX: Marie Curie, whose father was a Polish, was a French physicist
- Khi DT mà nó bổ nghĩa là một tính từ sở hữu:
-Khi DT mà nó bổ nghĩa đi với this, that, these, those…
Trang 2EX: That young man, who has sent you a nice present, lives next door to me.
A RELATIVE PRONOUN WITH PREPOSITIONS.
Đại từ quan hệ có thể là bổ ngữ của giới từ:
EX: The restaurant which we normally go to is closed for decoration.
I found the letter that I was looking for.
2 Chúng ta có thể lược bỏ đại từ quan hệ khi chúng làm bổ ngữ cho giới từ
EX: I found the letter I was looking for
These are the people we went on holiday with last year
3.Giới từ thường đứng trước ĐTQH whom và which Giới từ không đặt trước ĐTQH that và who.
EX: I found the letter for which I was looking.
B RELATIVE CLAUSE REPLACED BY PARTICIPLES AND INFINITIVE.
1.Replaced by present participle (V-ing): khi động từ trong mệnh đề quan hệ được dung ở dạng chủ động Ex: This is the man who helpedme last night
This is the man helping me last night.
2.Replaced by past participle (V3/ Ved) : khi động từ trong mệnh đề quan hệ được dung ở dạng bị động Ex: This is the house which was built 20 years ago.
This is the house built 20 years ago.
3.Replaced by to- infinitive (to -Infinitive): khi trong mệnh đề chính có các trường hợp như sau:
(…The first, the second, the third, the only, the last…, the + so sánh nhất của tính từ + N)
Ex: This is the only man who enteredthis room
This is the only man to enterthis room
D THE OMMISION OF RELATIVE PRONOUNS.
Đại từ quan hệ có thể lượt bỏ đi nếu nó có vài trò làm tân ngữ trong mệnh đề quan hệ mà trước nó không có giới từ.
UNIT 13 :
Grammar: Cleft sentences
1 Subject focus: It + be + SUBJECT + that/who +V…
2 Object focus: It + be + OBJECT + that/who + S + V…
3 Adverbial focus: It + be + ADVERB + that/who + S +V…
UNIT 15 :
Grammar:
1 COULD / BE ABLE TO + V ( bare infinitive)
2 TAG QUESTIONS: The basic structure is:
Affirmative statement , negative tag?
Negative statement, affirmative tag?
*Look at these examples with affirmative statements:
Ex :
- You have a brother, don’t you?
- Mr Minh has been to Hue, hasn’t he?
- We have finished ,haven't we?
- Lan will come next week, won't she?
*Look at these examples with negative statements:
Ex:
- We don't eat dinner at home, do we?
- It isn't raining, is it?
- You don't like coffee, do you?
- They will not help, will they?
Trang 3* Some special cases :
a) If the main clause is " I am" , tag question must be "aren't I?"
Ex: I am coming here ,aren't I?
b) If the main clause have " let's" ,tag question must be " shall we?"
Ex: - Let's go to the movies, shall we?
c) If the main clause is request ,tag question must be " will you?"
Ex: - Open the window, will you?
d) If the main clause is invitation, tag question must be "won't you?"
Ex: - Take your seat, won't you?
e) If the main clause have: " seldom, rarely, hardly, no, without, never, " ,tag question must be affirmative
Ex: -He never goes to school late, does he?
UNIT 16 :
Grammar: Câu bị động có 2 mệnh đề ( động từ: think/ say/ suppose/ believe/ consider/ report… )
Khi câu chủ động dùng các động từ: acknowledge; assume; believe; claim; consider; estimate; feel; find; know; presume; report; say; think; understand… với cấu trúc:
Active: People/ they + V1 + that + S2 + V2+…
( V1: acknowledge; assume; believe; claim; consider; estimate; feel; find; know; presume; report; say; think; understand…
Thì ta có 2 cách đổi sang dạng bị động tương ứng như sau:
Ex1: People think that she is a good student.
1 It + be+ thought/ said/ supposed/ believed… that + S2 + V2
Ex1: It is thought that she is a good student
2 S2 + be + thought/ said/ supposed/ believed….+ to infinitive (V2) ( khi V1 và V2 cùng thì)
+ to have + p.p (V2)( khi V1 và V2 khác thì)
+ to be + V- ing (khi V2 chia ở tiếp diễn)
Ex1: She is thought that to be a good student
Ex2: People believe that he crossed the river last year.
Cách 1 : It is believed that he crossed the river last year.
Cách 2 : He is believed to have crossed the river last year.
More examples:
1 People believe (that) she was a good student.
It is thought that she was a good student.
She is thought that to have been a good student.
2 People believed (that) computer was invented in the 18th century
It was believed that computer was invented in the 18th century
Computer was believed that to have been invented in the 18th century
3 Lots of people believe the crimial is living abroad.
It is believed that the crimial is living abroad.
The crimial is believed that to be living abroad.
4 Everyone expects that AC Milan will win the cup.
It is expected that AC Milan will win the cup.
AC Milan is expected that to win the cup.
*PHONETICS : Unit 9,10,11,12,13,15,16
*The rules to sound “-ED” and “-S”:
1 Pronunciation of –ed.
Trang 4/id/: after /t/, /d/: eg: wanted, needed
/t/: after /p/, /k/, /f/, /tʃ//ʃ/,/s/,/θ/ (ph, ch, sh, c, gh, k, f, p, s, x)
/d/: sau các phụ âm còn lại và các nguyên âm
Note: Một số động từ có đuôi ed đọc bằng /id/
Adj: naked, crooked, ragged, wretched, rugged, learned, beloved, wicked, sacred,… Adv: deservedly, supposedly, markedly, allegedly,…
2 Pronunciation of –s or –es (present simple/ plural nouns/ possessive).
/s/: after /p/, /k/, /t/, / /f/, /θ/ (ph, f, c, gh, t, th)
/iz/: after /ʃ/, /tʃ/, /ʤ/, /ʒ/, /z/, /s/ ( sh, x, j, ch, ge, se, ce, s, z)
/z/: sau các phụ âm còn lại và các nguyên âm
B EXERCISES:
I PRONUNCIATION:
Choose the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from the others.
3 A regarded B punched C missed D pushed
10 A practiced B stamped C indulged D accomplished
14 A biscuits B magazines C newspapers D vegetables
18.A guitars B stamps C relatives D friends
19.A thousand B relatives C newspaper D transfer
20 A occupy B simply C accompany D hobby
22.A power B gold C only D solar
23.A added B limited C promoted D developed
24.A tells B speaks C heats D sleeps
25.A heat B nuclear C feat D clean
26.A power B slow C snow D show
27.A plenty B energy C only D hydropower 28.A.attract B aquatic C added D facility
29 A athlete B appreciate C wrestling D freestyle
30.A gather B athletics C enthusiam D through
* RELATIVE CLAUSES.
I Combine the following pairs of sentences, using relative clause.
1.You sent me a present Thank you very much for it.
Trang 5® Thank you very much for the present which you sent me.
2.A man brought in a small girl Her hand had been cut by flying glass
® ……… 3.The car crashed into a queue of people Four of them were killed
® ……… 4.The roads were crowded with refugees Many of them were wounded
® ……… 5.A man answered the phone He said Tom was out
® ……… 6.Tom had been driving all day He was tired and wanted to stop
® ……… 7.Ann had been sleeping in the back of the car She felt quite fresh and wanted to go on
® ……… 8.Paul wanted to take the mountain road His tyres were nearly new
® ……… 9.Jack’s tyres were very old He wanted to stick the starred road
® ……… 10.Mary didn’t know anything about mountains She thought it would be quite safe to climb alone
® ………
11 My bike has disappeared I left my bike at the gate.
® ………
12.A bomb went off this morning It caused a lot of damage.
® ………
13 A footballer has been banned from playing He took drugs.
® ………
14 Paul’s sister is a doctor She is my close friend.
® ………
15 I read the newspaper The newspaper was lying on the table.
®……… ………
1 The teacher is Mr Pike We studied with him last year.
The teacher with whom we studied last year is Mr Pike.
2.The problem has been discussed in class We are very interested in it
………
3.Many diseases are no longer dangerous People died of them years ago
………
4.Do you see my pen? I have just written the lesson with it
………
5.I like standing at the window I can see the park from this window
………
6.We are crossing the meadow We flew kites over it in our childhood
………
7.They are preparing the tubes Water is brought into our house through the tubes
………
8.In the middle of the village, there is a well The villagers take water from this well to drink
………
9.The middle – aged man is the director My father is talking to him
………
10.This is a race opportunity You should take advantage of it to get a better job
………
11 The boy is my cousin You made fun of him
………
12.This matter is of great importance You should pay attention to it
Trang 613.The woman lives next door to me you gave place to her on the bus
………
14.This snake is venom less You are afraid of it
………
15.The examination lasted two days I was successful in this examination
………
16 The children are orphans She is taking care of these children
………
17.The two young men are not good persons You are acquainted with them
………
18.This is the result of our work I’m pleased with it
………
19.There is no parking sign I do not take notice of it
………
20.Mr Brown is the man I’m responsible to him for my work
………
III.Reduce the following relative clauses to phrases, using to -infinitive phrases.
1 He was the last person that would be considered for that position
………
2 Thomas was the first man that reached the top of the mountain
………
3 The first student that hands in the paper will get a small gift
………
4 She was the fourth woman who finished the race
………
5 I really don’t know the first man that traveled around the world
………
6 They are the last children who leave my birthday party last night
………
7 The most beautiful girl who was sent to China for the Miss World Contest is a student
………
8. This is the last man who was offered a course in my language center
………
9 The only rule that allows public access to wilderness areas needs to be reconsidered
………
10 She is the only student that came to see me yesterday
………
11 I have some letters that I must write
………
12 I haven’t anyone that I can go with
………
13 He was the second man who was killed in this way
………
14 We have some picture books that children can read
………
15 There are six letters which have to be written today
………
IV Reduce the following relative clauses to phrases, using participle phrases.
1 The man who is living next door invites us to his wedding anniversary
Trang 72 The book which is written by Robert gets lots of attention
………
3 A bridge which was built only two years ago has been declared unsafe
………
4 The victims who were injured in the accident were taken to the hospital
………
5 The message which is sent today may reach them tomorrow
………
6 Do you know the woman who is coming toward us?
………
7 The people who was waiting for the bus in the rain are getting wet.
………
8 The children who attend that school receive a good education
………
9 The scientists who are researching the causes of cancer are making progress.
………
10 The fence which surrounds our house is made of wood.
………
11 I saw many houses that were destroyed by the storm
………
12 We are driving on the road which was built in 1980
………
13 The streets which leads to the school is very wide
………
14 The candidates who are sitting for the exam are all from Vietnam
………
15 Customers who complain about the service should see the manager
………
V Combine the following sentences, using relative clauses and put the relative pronouns in brackets if
1.The computer isn’t powerful enough I bought it last week
The computer which I bought last week isn’t powerful enough
The computer that I bought last week isn’t powerful enough
The computer I bought last week isn’t powerful enough
2 This is the man I sold my bike to him
3 The plane leaves at 7 o’clock I’m taking it to Hanoi
4 This is the school I used to go to this school
5 I have a class It begins at 8 am.
6 I know a park It has the zoo and the Open – Air theater.
7 My sister asked me a question I couldn’t answer it.
8 A lion is an animal This animal lives in Africa.
9 The bus is always crowded I take it to school every day.
10 The blouse is made of silk Mary is wearing it.
* CLEFT SENTENCES.
VI Rewrite the following sentences after the model, paying attention to the Subject, Object or Adverb
of the sentence:
Trang 81 The woman gave me the nice present.
®It was
2 His uncle bought him a nice present on his birthday
® It was
3 The boy broke the vase yesterday
® It
4 The man hit the dog in the garden
® It
5 Peter left the window unlocked
® It
6 People are destroying the environment
® It
7 I was born in that house
® It
8 John read that novel last night
® It
9 The fireman warmed him not to re-enter the house
® It
10 Jane advised me to see a doctor
® It
11 Mary invited Helen to lunch on Sunday
® It
12 The man gave her the book
® It
13 The neighbour told them about it
® It
14 My friend came to see me last night
® It
15 That boy scored the goal for his team
® It
16 The dog grabbed at the piece of meat and ran away
® It
17 The strong wind blew the roof roof
® It
18 The woman answered the man rudely
® It
19 The boy played ping pong the whole afternoon
® It
20 The girl gave the boy a special gift on his birthday
® It
* TAG QUESTIONS.
VII Make Tag questions for the following sentences:
1 Harry takes sugar in tea, ?
2 The lift isn't working today, ?
3 It never works very well, ?
4 Everybody realized the danger, ?
5 There was a lot of noise here, ?
6 Nobody complained about the noise, ?
7 Mary hardly ever cooks, ?
8 We had to wait for a long time to get our visa, _?
9 Nothing went wrong with him, ?
10 He never takes advice, ?
Trang 911 There used to be trees here, ?
12 Dick wouldn't tell anyone about this story, ?
13 Let's go out tonight, ?
14 Sue doesn't know John, ?
15 There is an exam tomorrow, ?
16 We've seen that movie before, ?
17 He'd never met her before, ?
18 You don't really love her, ?
19 I couldn't help it, ?
20 You'll tell me if she calls, ?
21 We'd never have known, ?
22 She won't be late tomorrow, ?
23 Nobody knows the answer, ?
24 The moon goes round the earth, ?
25 Elephants live in Europe, ?
26 He's still sleeping at the moment, ?
27 Mary goes to school, ?
28 We won't be late tonight, ?
29 Someone called me last night, ?
30 Linda bought a car yesterday, ?
31 George Washington was the first President of the United States, ?
32 Jack and Jill didn't go up the hill, ?
33 George was a very bad student, ?
34 Mary didn't do her homework last Monday, ?
35 There are seven days in a week, ?
Notes:
There there
This/That it
These/Those they
* Some special cases :
a If the main clause have " let's" ,tag question must be " shall we?"
Ex: Let's go to the movies, shall we?
b If the main clause is request, tag question must be " will you?"
Ex: Open the window, will you?
c If the main clause is invitation, tag question must be "won't you?" Ex: Take your seat, won't you?
* PASSIVE VOICE.
WRITING
I Write these sentence in another way, beginning as shown.
1 People know that he is armed
He
2 It is believed that the man was killed by terrorists
The man
3 People think that the company is planning a new advertising campaign
The company
4 It was reported that the President had suffered a heart attack
The President
5 It is alleged that the man was driving at 110 miles an hour
The man
6 People know that the expedition reached the South Pole in May
The expedition
7 It is said that there is a secret tunnel between them
There
8 People consider that she was the best singer that Australia has ever produced
Trang 10She
9 It is expected that the weather will be good tomorrow
The weather
10 A lot of people believe that the Prime Minister and his wife have separated
The Prime Minister and his wife
11 It is reported that the building has been badly damaged by the fire
The building ………
12 It is believed that the length of the Great Wall of China is 3,400 km
Thelength of the Great Wall of China……… 13.People believe that he has special knowledge which may be useful to the police
He 14.Journalists suppose that the footballer is earning ten million pounds a year
The footballer 15.It is reported that the damage is extensive
The damage
16 They say that John is the brightest student in class
It is ………
17 They know that English is an international language
It is ………
18 They declared that she won the competition
………
19 They rumoured that man was still living
……… 20.People believe that 13 is an unlucky number
………
II Multiple Choices:
I Vocabulary: Choose the best answer
1.The hotel staff are friendly and _
A unhelpful B courteous C discourteous D impolite
2.A person who receives something is called
3.The post office offers the _ Mail Service which is particularly fast
4.We are proud of our staff, who are always friendly and efficient
A well-done B well-appointed C well-behaved D well-trained
5 EMS stand for
A Electronic Mail Service B Express Mail Service
C Economic Mail Service D Environment management Service
6 People can buy daily in many local post office in early morning
7 All post offices in Vietnam are equipped with advanced
8.You can choose to send your letters by air or surface mail
9.Prices are going to in a worry way
10.The society was set up to _ endangered species from extinction
11.The Earth will be a planet where human beings, animals and plants live in peaceful _
A cooperation B coordination C corporation D co-existence
12.It is forbidden to hunt for that kind of bird It has been listed as one of the _ species
13.The war brought death and to the city