Materials Science and Engineering Handbook [CRC Press 2001] Episode 12 pps

CRC Handbook of Materials Science & EngineeringSource: from Kennard, O., in Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 69th ed., Weast, R... CRC Handbook of Materials Science & EngineeringTo con

CRC Handbook of Materials Science & Engineering

Source: After a tabulation by R A Flinn and P K Trojan, Engineering Materials and Their

Applications, Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, 1975

©2001 CRC Press LLC

Shackelford & Alexander 1293

Source: After a tabulation by R A Flinn and P K Trojan, Engineering Materials and Their

Applications, Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, 1975

©2001 CRC Press LLC

CRC Handbook of Materials Science & Engineering

Source: After a tabulation by R A Flinn and P K Trojan, Engineering Materials and Their

Applications, Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, 1975

©2001 CRC Press LLC

Shackelford & Alexander 1295

* The ionic radii are based on the calculations of V M Goldschmidt, who assigned radii based

on known interatomic distances in various ionic crystals

Source: After a tabulation by R A Flinn and P K Trojan, Engineering Materials and Their

Applications, Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, 1975

©2001 CRC Press LLC

CRC Handbook of Materials Science & Engineering

Source: from Kennard, O., in Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 69th ed., Weast, R C.,

Ed., CRC Press, Boca Raton, Fla., 1988, F-167

©2001 CRC Press LLC

Shackelford & Alexander 1297

Source: from Kennard, O., in Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 69th ed., Weast, R C.,

Ed., CRC Press, Boca Raton, Fla., 1988, F-167

©2001 CRC Press LLC

CRC Handbook of Materials Science & Engineering

1298

S ELECTING B OND A NGLES B ETWEEN E LEMENTS

Source: from Kennard, O., in Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 69th ed., Weast, R C.,

Ed., CRC Press, Boca Raton, Fla., 1988, F-167

©2001 CRC Press LLC

Shackelford & Alexander 1299

S ELECTING D ENSITY OF THE E LEMENTS

Source: data from James F Shackelford, Introduction to Materials Science for Engineers,

Second Edition, Macmillian Publishing Company, New York, pp.686-688, (1988).

©2001 CRC Press LLC

CRC Handbook of Materials Science & Engineering

Source: data from James F Shackelford, Introduction to Materials Science for Engineers,

Second Edition, Macmillian Publishing Company, New York, pp.686-688, (1988).

©2001 CRC Press LLC

Shackelford & Alexander 1301

Source: data from James F Shackelford, Introduction to Materials Science for Engineers,

Second Edition, Macmillian Publishing Company, New York, pp.686-688, (1988).

©2001 CRC Press LLC

List of Tables

1303

CHAPTER 11 Selecting

Thermodynamic and Kinetic Properties

Selecting Melting Points of Ceramics

Heat of Fusion

Selecting Heat of Fusion For Elements and Inorganic Compounds

Entropy

Selecting Entropy of the Elements

Diffusion Activation Energy

Selecting Diffusion Activation Energy

in Metallic Systems

©2001 CRC Press LLC

Shackelford & Alexander 1305

To convert kcal to KJ, multiply by 4.184.

Source: from Kerr, J A., Parsonage, M J., and Trotman–Dickenson, A F., in Handbook of

Chemistry and Physics, 55th ed., Weast, R C., Ed., CRC Press, Cleveland, 1974, F-204.

©2001 CRC Press LLC

CRC Handbook of Materials Science & Engineering

To convert kcal to KJ, multiply by 4.184.

Source: from Kerr, J A., Parsonage, M J., and Trotman–Dickenson, A F., in Handbook of

Chemistry and Physics, 55th ed., Weast, R C., Ed., CRC Press, Cleveland, 1974, F-204.

©2001 CRC Press LLC

Shackelford & Alexander 1307

To convert kcal to KJ, multiply by 4.184.

Source: from Kerr, J A., Parsonage, M J., and Trotman–Dickenson, A F., in Handbook of

Chemistry and Physics, 55th ed., Weast, R C., Ed., CRC Press, Cleveland, 1974, F-204.

©2001 CRC Press LLC

CRC Handbook of Materials Science & Engineering

To convert kcal to KJ, multiply by 4.184.

Source: from Kerr, J A., Parsonage, M J., and Trotman–Dickenson, A F., in Handbook of

Chemistry and Physics, 55th ed., Weast, R C., Ed., CRC Press, Cleveland, 1974, F-204.

©2001 CRC Press LLC

Shackelford & Alexander 1309

To convert kcal to KJ, multiply by 4.184.

Source: from Kerr, J A., Parsonage, M J., and Trotman–Dickenson, A F., in Handbook of

Chemistry and Physics, 55th ed., Weast, R C., Ed., CRC Press, Cleveland, 1974, F-204.

©2001 CRC Press LLC

CRC Handbook of Materials Science & Engineering

To convert kcal to KJ, multiply by 4.184.

Source: from Kerr, J A., Parsonage, M J., and Trotman–Dickenson, A F., in Handbook of

Chemistry and Physics, 55th ed., Weast, R C., Ed., CRC Press, Cleveland, 1974, F-204.

©2001 CRC Press LLC

Shackelford & Alexander 1311

To convert kcal to KJ, multiply by 4.184.

Source: from Kerr, J A., Parsonage, M J., and Trotman–Dickenson, A F., in Handbook of

Chemistry and Physics, 55th ed., Weast, R C., Ed., CRC Press, Cleveland, 1974, F-204.

©2001 CRC Press LLC

CRC Handbook of Materials Science & Engineering

To convert kcal to KJ, multiply by 4.184.

Source: from Kerr, J A., Parsonage, M J., and Trotman–Dickenson, A F., in Handbook of

Chemistry and Physics, 55th ed., Weast, R C., Ed., CRC Press, Cleveland, 1974, F-204.

©2001 CRC Press LLC

Shackelford & Alexander 1313

To convert kcal to KJ, multiply by 4.184.

Source: from Kerr, J A., Parsonage, M J., and Trotman–Dickenson, A F., in Handbook of

Chemistry and Physics, 55th ed., Weast, R C., Ed., CRC Press, Cleveland, 1974, F-204.

©2001 CRC Press LLC

CRC Handbook of Materials Science & Engineering

To convert kcal to KJ, multiply by 4.184.

Source: from Kerr, J A., Parsonage, M J., and Trotman–Dickenson, A F., in Handbook of

Chemistry and Physics, 55th ed., Weast, R C., Ed., CRC Press, Cleveland, 1974, F-204.

©2001 CRC Press LLC

Shackelford & Alexander 1315

To convert kcal to KJ, multiply by 4.184.

Source: from Kerr, J A., Parsonage, M J., and Trotman–Dickenson, A F., in Handbook of

Chemistry and Physics, 55th ed., Weast, R C., Ed., CRC Press, Cleveland, 1974, F-204.

©2001 CRC Press LLC

CRC Handbook of Materials Science & Engineering

To convert kcal to KJ, multiply by 4.184.

Source: from Kerr, J A., Parsonage, M J., and Trotman–Dickenson, A F., in Handbook of

Chemistry and Physics, 55th ed., Weast, R C., Ed., CRC Press, Cleveland, 1974, F-204.

©2001 CRC Press LLC

Shackelford & Alexander 1317

To convert kcal to KJ, multiply by 4.184.

Source: from Kerr, J A., Parsonage, M J., and Trotman–Dickenson, A F., in Handbook of

Chemistry and Physics, 55th ed., Weast, R C., Ed., CRC Press, Cleveland, 1974, F-204.

©2001 CRC Press LLC

CRC Handbook of Materials Science & Engineering

To convert kcal to KJ, multiply by 4.184.

Source: from Kerr, J A., Parsonage, M J., and Trotman–Dickenson, A F., in Handbook of

Chemistry and Physics, 55th ed., Weast, R C., Ed., CRC Press, Cleveland, 1974, F-204.

©2001 CRC Press LLC

Shackelford & Alexander 1319

To convert kcal to KJ, multiply by 4.184.

Source: from Kerr, J A., Parsonage, M J., and Trotman–Dickenson, A F., in Handbook of

Chemistry and Physics, 55th ed., Weast, R C., Ed., CRC Press, Cleveland, 1974, F-204.

©2001 CRC Press LLC

CRC Handbook of Materials Science & Engineering

To convert kcal to KJ, multiply by 4.184.

Source: from Kerr, J A., Parsonage, M J., and Trotman–Dickenson, A F., in Handbook of

Chemistry and Physics, 55th ed., Weast, R C., Ed., CRC Press, Cleveland, 1974, F-204.

©2001 CRC Press LLC

Shackelford & Alexander 1321

* The strength of a chemical bond, ∆(R - X), often known as the bond dissociation energy, is

defined as the heat of the reaction: RX -> R + X It is given by: ∆(R - X) = ∆Hf˚(R) +

∆Hf˚(X) - ∆Hf˚(RX) Some authors list bond strengths for 0 K, but here the values for 298K

are given because more thermodynamic data are available for this temperature Bond

strengths, or bond dissociation energies, are not equal to, and may differ considerable from,

mean bond energies derived solely from thermochemical data on molecules and atoms

The values in this table have usually been measured spectroscopically or by mass

spectro-metric analysis of hot gases effusing from a Knudsen cell

To convert kcal to KJ, multiply by 4.184.

Source: from Kerr, J A., Parsonage, M J., and Trotman–Dickenson, A F., in Handbook of

Chemistry and Physics, 55th ed., Weast, R C., Ed., CRC Press, Cleveland, 1974, F-204.

©2001 CRC Press LLC

Shackelford & Alexander 1323

To convert kcal to KJ, multiply by 4.184.

Source: data from: Kerr, J A., Parsonage, M J., and Trotman–Dickenson, A F., in

Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 55th ed., Weast, R C., Ed., CRC Press, Cleveland, 1974,

F–213

©2001 CRC Press LLC

CRC Handbook of Materials Science & Engineering

To convert kcal to KJ, multiply by 4.184.

Source: data from: Kerr, J A., Parsonage, M J., and Trotman–Dickenson, A F., in

Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 55th ed., Weast, R C., Ed., CRC Press, Cleveland, 1974,

F–213

©2001 CRC Press LLC

Shackelford & Alexander 1325

To convert kcal to KJ, multiply by 4.184.

Source: data from: Kerr, J A., Parsonage, M J., and Trotman–Dickenson, A F., in

Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 55th ed., Weast, R C., Ed., CRC Press, Cleveland, 1974,

F–213

©2001 CRC Press LLC

CRC Handbook of Materials Science & Engineering

To convert kcal to KJ, multiply by 4.184.

Source: data from: Kerr, J A., Parsonage, M J., and Trotman–Dickenson, A F., in

Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 55th ed., Weast, R C., Ed., CRC Press, Cleveland, 1974,

F–213

©2001 CRC Press LLC

Shackelford & Alexander 1327

* The values refer to a temperature of 298 K and have mostly been determined by kinetic

methods Some have been calculated from formation of the species involved according to

To convert kcal to KJ, multiply by 4.184.

Source: data from: Kerr, J A., Parsonage, M J., and Trotman–Dickenson, A F., in

Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 55th ed., Weast, R C., Ed., CRC Press, Cleveland, 1974,

F–213

©2001 CRC Press LLC

Shackelford & Alexander 1329

The ∆Ho values are given in gram calories per mole

Source: data from CRC Handbook of Materials Science, Vol II, Charles T Lynch, Ed., CRC

Press, Cleveland, (1974)

©2001 CRC Press LLC

CRC Handbook of Materials Science & Engineering

The ∆Ho values are given in gram calories per mole

Source: data from CRC Handbook of Materials Science, Vol II, Charles T Lynch, Ed., CRC

Press, Cleveland, (1974)

©2001 CRC Press LLC

Shackelford & Alexander 1331

2 As(c) + 3/2 O2(g) = As2O3 (orthorhombic) 298.16–542K –154,870

Ca(α ) + 1/2 O2(g) = CaO(c) 298.16–673K –151,850Ca(β ) + 1/2 O2(g) = CaO(c) 673–1,124K –151,730

The ∆Ho values are given in gram calories per mole

Source: data from CRC Handbook of Materials Science, Vol II, Charles T Lynch, Ed., CRC

Press, Cleveland, (1974)

©2001 CRC Press LLC

CRC Handbook of Materials Science & Engineering

1332

Ti(α) + 1/2 O2(g) = TiO( α ) 1,150–1,264K –125,040Ti(α ) + 1/2 O2(g) = TiO( α ) 298.16–1,150K –125,010

Table 345 S ELECTING H EAT OF F ORMATION OF I NORGANIC

O XIDES (SHEET 5 OF 9)

Reaction

Temperature Range of Validity ∆H0

The ∆Ho values are given in gram calories per mole

Source: data from CRC Handbook of Materials Science, Vol II, Charles T Lynch, Ed., CRC

Press, Cleveland, (1974)

©2001 CRC Press LLC

Shackelford & Alexander 1333

The ∆Ho values are given in gram calories per mole

Source: data from CRC Handbook of Materials Science, Vol II, Charles T Lynch, Ed., CRC

Press, Cleveland, (1974)

©2001 CRC Press LLC

CRC Handbook of Materials Science & Engineering

1334

0.947 Fe(γ ) + 1/2 O2(g) = Fe0.9470(l) 1,647–1,803K –59,650

D2(g) + 1/2 O2(g) = D2O(g) 298.16–2,000K –58,970Co(γ ) + 1/2 O2(g) = CoO(c) 1,400–1,763K –58,160

I2(g) + 5/2 O2(g) = I2O5(c) 456–500K –58,020Ni(α ) + 1/2 O2(g) = NiO(c) 298.16–633K –57,640Ni(β ) + 1/2 O2(g) = NiO(c) 633–1,725K –57,460

H2(g) + 1/2 O2(g) = H2O(g) 298.16–2,000K –56,930Co(α , β ) + 1/2 O2(g) = CoO(c) 298.16–1,400K –56,910

The ∆Ho values are given in gram calories per mole

Source: data from CRC Handbook of Materials Science, Vol II, Charles T Lynch, Ed., CRC

Press, Cleveland, (1974)

©2001 CRC Press LLC

Shackelford & Alexander 1335

The ∆Ho values are given in gram calories per mole

Source: data from CRC Handbook of Materials Science, Vol II, Charles T Lynch, Ed., CRC

Press, Cleveland, (1974)

©2001 CRC Press LLC

CRC Handbook of Materials Science & Engineering

The ∆Ho values are given in gram calories per mole

Source: data from CRC Handbook of Materials Science, Vol II, Charles T Lynch, Ed., CRC

Press, Cleveland, (1974)

©2001 CRC Press LLC

CRC Handbook of Materials Science & Engineering

See also: Thermodynamic Coefficients of the Elements

Source: data from Weast, R C., Ed., Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 55th ed., CRC Press, Cleveland, 1974, D-144., Kelly, K K., Bulletin 592, Bureau of Mines, Washington, D.

C., 1961.and Hultgren, R., Orr, R L., Anderson, P D., and Kelly, K K., Selected Values of

Thermodynamic Properties of Metals and Alloys, John Wiley & Sons, New York, (1963).

©2001 CRC Press LLC

Shackelford & Alexander 1339

See also: Thermodynamic Coefficients of the Elements

Source: data from Weast, R C., Ed., Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 55th ed., CRC

Press, Cleveland, 1974, D-144., Kelly, K K., Bulletin 592, Bureau of Mines, Washington, D.

C., 1961.and Hultgren, R., Orr, R L., Anderson, P D., and Kelly, K K., Selected Values of

Thermodynamic Properties of Metals and Alloys, John Wiley & Sons, New York, (1963).

©2001 CRC Press LLC

CRC Handbook of Materials Science & Engineering

See also: Thermodynamic Coefficients of the Elements

Source: data from Weast, R C., Ed., Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 55th ed., CRC Press, Cleveland, 1974, D-144., Kelly, K K., Bulletin 592, Bureau of Mines, Washington, D.

C., 1961.and Hultgren, R., Orr, R L., Anderson, P D., and Kelly, K K., Selected Values of

Thermodynamic Properties of Metals and Alloys, John Wiley & Sons, New York, (1963).

©2001 CRC Press LLC

CRC Handbook of Materials Science & Engineering

1342

Acrylics; Cast Resin Sheets, Rods: General purpose, type I 0.35Acrylics; Cast Resin Sheets, Rods: General purpose, type II 0.35

ABS Resins; Molded, Extruded; Low temperature impact 0.35—0.38Phenolics; Molded; General: woodflour and flock filled 0.35—0.40

Cellulose Acetate; Molded, Extruded; ASTM Grade: H2—1 0.3—0.42Cellulose Acetate; Molded, Extruded; ASTM Grade: H4—1 0.3—0.42Cellulose Acetate; Molded, Extruded; ASTM Grade: H6—1 0.3—0.42Cellulose Acetate; Molded, Extruded; ASTM Grade: MH—1, MH—2 0.3—0.42Cellulose Acetate; Molded, Extruded; ASTM Grade: MS—1, MS—2 0.3—0.42Cellulose Acetate; Molded, Extruded; ASTM Grade: S2—1 0.3—0.42Cellulose Acetate Butyrate; Molded, Extruded; ASTM Grade: H4 0.3—0.4Cellulose Acetate Butyrate; Molded, Extruded; ASTM Grade: MH 0.3—0.4Cellulose Acetate Butyrate; Molded, Extruded; ASTM Grade: S2 0.3—0.4Cellusose Acetate Propionate; Molded, Extruded; ASTM Grade: 1 0.3—0.4Cellusose Acetate Propionate; Molded, Extruded; ASTM Grade: 3 0.3—0.4Cellusose Acetate Propionate; Molded, Extruded; ASTM Grade: 6 0.3—0.4

Table 347 S ELECTING S PECIFIC H EAT OF P OLYMERS

(SHEET 2 OF 3)

Polymer

Specific Heat (Btu/lb/•F)

Source: data compiled by J.S Park from Charles T Lynch, CRC Handbook of Materials

Science, Vol 3, CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida and Engineered Materials Handbook, Vol.2,

Engineering Plastics, ASM International, Metals Park, Ohio, 1988

©2001 CRC Press LLC