Sun Fundamentals of Solaris 7 Student Guide With Instructor Notes phần 3 pps

Exercise: Using the Front PanelExercise objective – In this lab you will customize the Front Panel using the skills you have learned in this module.. 3 Check Your ProgressBefore continui

Application Manager

Application Manager

The Application Manager window contains six folders

Open the Desktop folders to see icons which can be added to asubpanel This is achieved by dragging and dropping the desired icon

on the Install Icon area of the subpanel Once the icon has been added

to the subpanel, that application can be invoked from the subpanelitself

Icons can also be added to the Front Panel by right clicking in a blankarea of the Front Panel and then clicking Add Icon

Note – An application icon can be placed on the workspace display in

the same way The application is then available directly from theworkspace

The System_Admin folder contains icons which are useful for systemadministrators The OpenWindows folder contains icons which can be

Exercise: Using the Front Panel

Exercise objective – In this lab you will customize the Front Panel

using the skills you have learned in this module

Tasks

Complete these steps:

1 Switch between each workspace by clicking on the appropriateworkspace button

2 Lock your display so that only you can return to your CDEsession

3 Invoke the Style Manager and undertake each of the followingtasks:

▼ Increase the size of your font display

▼ Change the backdrop of your current workspace

▼ Change the backdrop of workspace Three

▼ Turn on the keyboard click capability

▼ Change your Startup controls so that you are not requested toconfirm when you log out

▼ Set your Home Session to the current active windows

▼ Set CDE to return to your Home Session

4 Log out from your CDE session, then log back in to see what haschanged

3 Exercise: Using the Front Panel

Tasks

5 Open the Application Manager from the Applications subpaneland add the following two objects to the Applications subpanel.(You will have to find the appropriate icons in the ApplicationManager’s folders.)

a Customize your desktops so that their names reflect projects

or programs you work with

b Make each backdrop different and make any othercustomizations that you prefer (for instance, whether awindow is active when clicked in or when the pointer is in thewindow, font size, screen locking characteristics)

c Have all minimized icons be displayed in an icon box on thedesktop

d Once you have made your changes, log out in such a way thatyou will return to your home session and log back in

2 Add icons for the calculator and a terminal window to a subpanel.Place the icon you would use the most in this subpanel on the

Exercise: Using the Front Panel

Exercise Summary

Discussion – Take a few minutes to discuss what experiences, issues,

or discoveries you had during the lab exercises

✓ Manage the discussion here based on the time allowed for this module, which was given

in the “About This Course” module If you find you do not have time to spend on

discussion, then just highlight the key concepts students should have learned from the lab exercise.

● Experiences

✓ Ask students what their overall experiences with this exercise have been You might want

to go over any trouble spots or especially confusing areas at this time.

✓ Explore with students how they might apply what they learned in this exercise to

situations at their workplace.

3 Check Your Progress

Before continuing on to the next module, check that you are able toaccomplish or answer the following:

❑ Describe the arrangement of the Front Panel

❑ Add workspaces to the Front Panel

❑ Remove workspaces from the Front Panel

❑ Minimize the Front Panel

❑ Open the Front Panel window from the icon

❑ Lock your workstation

❑ Add an application to a Front Panel subpanel

❑ Customize your workspace

Think Beyond

What application would you put on your Front Panel? How wouldyou customize the different workspaces? What are some of the waysyou might customize the Front Panel for your work environment?

Getting Help 4

Objectives

Upon completion of this module, you should be able to:

● Describe how to obtain help from the Front Panel

● Describe how to obtain application-specific help

● Invoke the Help Viewer from the Front Panel

● Invoke help from an application window

● Display on-line manual pages, including different sections of themanual

● Search the on-line manual pages by keyword

✓ In order for the man -k command to work, the MANPATH variable must be set to:

/usr/local/man:/usr/share/man:/usr/openwin/share/man:/usr/dt/man and the catman

utility must be run by root Depending on the processor, running this utility may take up

to one hour and should be done before teaching this section.

✓ Present the following question to stimulate the students and get them thinking about the issues and topics presented in this module While they are not expected to know the answer to the question, the answer should be of interest to them and inspire them to learn the content presented in this module.

Discussion – How do you typically get information about how to

complete computer tasks?

What types of information do you usually need?

Front Panel Help

The Help Manager icon is situated at the right side of the Front Panel.Clicking on the icon with the left mouse button will open up a HelpViewer window

Front Panel Help

Help Managersubpanel

4 Help Viewer

The hypertext links, shown as underlined text or boxed graphics, can

be used to quickly move to a related help page by clicking on theappropriate area of text in the Help window

The Backtrack option allows you to retrace the path you followedthrough the help screens

Searching the Help Index

The Index Search enables you to see all volumes of help Thesevolumes are displayed as hyperlinks, which can be used to referenceany help page You can also search for specific help items based on akeyword search

By default AnswerBook2 uses the HotJava™ browser to displayinformation You can perform searches of parts of the AnswerBook or

of the entire collection installed on your system

Due to the amount of disk space which is taken up by theAnswerBook2 pages, your system administrator may not haveinstalled AnswerBook2 on the computer’s hard disk However, it ispossible to access AnswerBook2 files from a compact disc-read onlymemory (CD-ROM) or hard disk device connected to a remote host onyour computer network

If AnswerBook2 is accessible through your network, be aware thatthere will be a delay between requesting and displaying AnswerBook2pages The speed with which the pages are collected from the remotehard drive or CD-ROM device is dependent on network configurationand activity

On Item Help

The On Item Help icon is situated in the subpanel When this function

is selected, the mouse pointer will change from an arrow pointer to aquestion mark with an arrowhead at its base The pointer can then bepositioned over a Front Panel icon to access the appropriate help pagefor that item, which will be displayed in a Help Viewer window Themouse pointer will revert back to an arrow pointer at this time

On Item Help

The On-Item Help function will only work on icons or within theApplication Manager windows

Note – The Information menu item accesses the Application Manager

Information README files

The On ItemHelp icon

Other Ways to Access Help

Right clicking in any free space on the desktop will display theWorkspace menu From the Workspace menu, you can select the Helpoption from the Programs submenu

This is another method for invoking the Help Viewer displayed byclicking on the Front Panel Help icon Once the Help Viewer has beeninvoked, you can use it as described previously

Other Ways to Access Help

Most windows also have a Help menu option specific to the currentapplication

Help menu

Displaying Man Pages

The UNIX Programmer’s Manual (also called man pages) describes

what you need to know about the system’s on-line commands, systemcalls, file formats, and system maintenance The on-line man pages arepart of the Solaris computing environment

Using the man Command

Use the mancommand to display on-line man pages for commands

Command Format

man nameman -k keywordman -s section name

Displaying Man Pages

Using the man Command Without Options

sh

cd [ argument ]

chdir [ argument ]DESCRIPTION

/usr/bin/cdThe cd utility will change the working directory of thecurrent shell execution environment When invoked with nooperands, and the HOME environment variable is set to anon-empty value, the directory named in the HOME environment variable will become the new working directory

<Output Omitted>

OPERANDS The following operands are supported:

directory An absolute or relative pathname of the directory

that becomes the new working directory Theinterpretation of a relative pathname by cd depends on the CDPATH environment variable

SEE ALSOcsh(1), ksh(1), pwd(1), sh(1), chdir(2), attributes(5), environ(5)

Displaying Man Pages

Scrolling in Man Pages

Use the following keys to control the scrolling capabilities while usingthe mancommand:

Spacebar Scroll through a manual page one screen at a

timeReturn Scroll through a manual page one line at a time

/string Search forward for information

Displaying Man Pages

Searching Man Pages by Section

There are multiple sections in the man pages The SEE ALSO part atthe bottom of a man page lists alternate references that pertain to thetopic addressed When these references are followed by a numberother than 1 in parentheses, it indicates a section of the man pageswhich can be accessed using the-soption with the mancommand

For example, executing$ man passwdwill display information on thepasswdcommand and give instructions on how to change a password.The SEE ALSO section of this man page reads in part as follows:

SEE ALSOfinger(1), login(1), nispasswd(1), crypt(3C),passwd(4)

Executing$ man -s 4 passwd will display information on the/etc/passwdfile and$ man -s 3C cryptwill display information

4 Displaying Man Pages

Searching Man Pages by Keyword

If you are not sure of the command name, use the -koption to specify

a keyword as a subject

Note – Using $ whatis commandwill display the header line fromthe manual section The man page itself can then be displayed with byusing themancommand

an -k calendar

cm (1) - calendar manager, appointment and

resource scheduling tooldelete cm_delete (1) - delete appointments from Calendar

Manager databaseinsert cm_insert (1) - insert appointments into Calendar

Manager databaselookup cm_lookup (1) - look up appointments from Calendar

Manager database.cmsd rpc.cmsd (1) - calendar manager service daemonrade_cm upgrade_cm (1) - script for upgrading Calendar Manager

from SVOL to Openwindowscal (1) - display a calendar

endar calendar (1) - reminder serviceftime difftime (3c) - computes the difference between two

calendar timesime mktime (3c) - converts a tm structure to a calendar

time

Exercise: Getting Help

Exercise objective – In this lab you will practice using the help

functions available with CDE and the command-line man pages

Tasks

Complete the following steps:

1 Open a Help Viewer window by clicking on the appropriate FrontPanel icon

2 In the Help Viewer window, select Index and choose All Volumes

3 Find information on how to play an audio file After reading thisinformation, open the Audio player from the Workspace menuand play the /usr/demo/SOUND/sounds/spacemusic.au audiofile

4 Display the on-line manual (man) page for thelscommand

5 Display the on-line manual pages for the passwdcommand andthepasswdfile

6 Find the on-line manual page that describes how to clear theterminal screen (use the keyword “clear”)

7 Display the Help subpanel and determine whether AnswerBook2has been made available on your system

8 If you do have AnswerBook2, invoke it from the subpanel and

look through the Solaris CDE User’s Guide.

9 When you are finished, close the AnswerBook2 window

4 Exercise: Getting Help

Workshop Labs

Use what you have learned so far in this course to work through thefollowing:

1 Using the Calendar Manager, add an appointment for lunchtime

on every Wednesday for the next month Have the system sendyou an email message 30 minutes before the appointment andplace a reminder on your desktop 10 minutes before theappointment Use any version of help you need to perform thistask

2 What meaning would an ampersand “&” in thegcosfield of apassword file entry carry for the system?

Exercise: Getting Help

Exercise Summary

Discussion – Take a few minutes to discuss what experiences, issues,

or discoveries you had during the lab exercises

✓ Manage the discussion here based on the time allowed for this module, which was given

in the “About This Course” module If you find you do not have time to spend on

discussion, then just highlight the key concepts students should have learned from the lab exercise.

● Experiences

✓ Ask students what their overall experiences with this exercise have been You might want

to go over any trouble spots or especially confusing areas at this time.

✓ Explore with students how they might apply what they learned in this exercise to

situations at their workplace.

4 Exercise: Getting Help

6 Find the on-line manual page that describes how to clear theterminal screen (use the keyword “clear”)

man -k clear

Check Your Progress

Before continuing on to the next module, check that you are able toaccomplish or answer the following:

❑ Describe how to obtain help from the Front Panel

❑ Describe how to obtain application-specific help

❑ Invoke the Help Viewer from the Front Panel

❑ Invoke help from an application window

❑ Display on-line manual pages, including different sections of themanual

❑ Search the on-line manual pages by keyword

4 Think Beyond

Which type of help would you be most likely to use? Would thischange depend on what you needed help on?

Accessing Files and Directories 5

Objectives

Upon completion of this module you should be able to:

● Contrast absolute and relative pathnames

● Access files and directories within the file structure using absoluteand relative pathnames

● Identify and describe the parts of a command line

● Access files and directories within the file structure usingpathname abbreviations

● List the contents of directories and their file types

● Identify various metacharacters

● Enter more than one command on a single command line

● Demonstrate the use of wildcard characters

✓ Present the following question to stimulate the students and get them thinking about the issues and topics presented in this module While they are not expected to know the answer to the question, the answer should be of interest to them and inspire them to learn the content presented in this module.

Discussion – How does the Solaris system know how to find files and

directories?

Additional Resources

Additional resources – The following reference can provide additional

details on the topics discussed in this module:

● Solaris User’s Guide, Part Number 802-6499

5 File System Structure

Figure 5-1 shows a typical Solaris system file structure; you will refer

to this again later in this course

notes planets

mars pluto

flowers home

/

A pathname uniquely identifies a particular file or directory by

specifying its location Pathnames are similar to a road map or a set ofdirections that tells you how to get from one place in the directoryhierarchy to another

Note – Depending on the setup of your system, home directories can

be found in either/homeor/export/home For the purposes of thisdiscussion,/homeis used

The slashes within the pathnames are delimiters between objectnames A slash in the first position represents the / (root) directory.For example:

/home/user2/dir1/coffees

Delimitersroot directory