Sun Fundamentals of Solaris 7 Student Guide With Instructor Notes phần 2 docx

This button is used to make selections in any of the following ways: ● Make a window active by clicking the left mouse button while themouse pointer is in that window area ● Invoke a win

✓ Present the following question to stimulate the students and get them thinking about the issues and topics presented in this module While they are not expected to know the answer to the question, the answer should be of interest to them and inspire them to learn the content presented in this module.

Discussion – Passwords are a major key to a secure system What

characteristics would a good password have?

Additional Resources

Additional resources – The following reference can provide additional

details on the topics discussed in this module:

● Solaris Common Desktop Environment: User’s Guide,

“Starting a Desktop Session,” Part Number 802-6485

User Accounts

You must have a user account on the system to log in The user account

is defined in the /etc/passwdfile and contains the elements whichidentify each unique user to the system

System administrators are responsible for creating and maintaininguser accounts

The Root Account

The root account is the system administration account and is set up bythe installation process The root login account owns all system filesand has access to all files

User Accounts

The /etc/passwd Entry

Each entry in the/etc/passwdfile is made up of seven fieldsseparated by a colon

Figure 2-1 Example /etc/passwdEntry

● Login ID – Is the identification required by the operating system

for a successful login It is the user’s “public name.” Depending onthe system administrator, login IDs are usually some combination

of a user’s first and last names For example, user Bob Wood’slogin ID might bebobw,bwood,woodb, orbw2

The login ID must:

▼ Be limited to eight alphanumeric characters

▼ Use lowercase characters only

▼ Be unique

● Placeholder – Maintains the field for the password, which is kept in

the/etc/shadowfile The/etc/shadowfile contains encryptedpasswords and password aging information (for example, howlong before a user must change a password and how long apassword must be in use before it can be changed) This file canonly be read by the system administrator

● UID – Identifies the user to the operating system.

● GID – Identifies the primary group to which the user belongs.

The /etc/passwd Entry

● Comment – Is usually the full name of the user.

● Login directory – Is commonly referred to as the “home” directory,

where users store their files

● Default shell – Defines which shell the user will have upon login.

Password Requirements

Your password protects your account from unauthorized access

In the Solaris 7 computing environment, a password

● Must be six to eight characters in length

● Should contain at least two alphabetic characters and one numeric

or special character

● Must differ from the login ID

● Must differ from the previous password by at least threecharacters

● May contain spacesThese password requirements do not apply to the systemadministrator (superuser)

The Mouse Buttons

The mouse settings can be modified to suit a user’s preferences Once

a setting has been modified, that setting can be stored into a specific file This means that any personalized settings will be thedefault whenever a CDE session is initiated

user-The Left Mouse Button

Most actions use the left mouse button, alternatively known asbutton 1 or the SELECT button This button is used to make selections

in any of the following ways:

● Make a window active by clicking the left mouse button while themouse pointer is in that window area

● Invoke a window menu by clicking on the left mouse button whilethe mouse pointer is on the window’s menu box area

● Select an option from the Front Panel

The Mouse Buttons

The Left Mouse Button

● Open an icon by double-clicking the left mouse button while thepointer is over the icon

● Highlight text to be selected by dragging over the text area, whilethe left mouse button is being pressed

The Middle Mouse Button

Button 2, also known as the ADJUST button, is used to paste selectedtext The text must have been selected using the left mouse button asdescribed previously

The Right Mouse Button

When the right mouse button, or MENU button, is clicked or helddown, a menu of choices will appear The options available on themenu will be determined by the position of the mouse pointer whenbutton 3 was pressed

Note – For the purposes of this course, you will be instructed to left or

right click to perform a specific action This assumes the standardright-hand configuration of the buttons These notes will instruct youwhen a double-click is required

Logging in identifies you to the system Before logging in to youraccount, CDE displays the Login Manager.

You can log in using the login screen shown, or at the command line

The host name of your workstation

Menu of login options

Logging in

The Options Button

The Options button on the CDE login screen provides a set of choices

The Options Button

If a user chooses to work with a different windowing environment, thegraphics display to the right of the login, and password entry boxeswill display a graphic appropriate to the chosen windowing

environment The Failsafe session, where only the minimum servicesare available, is used for troubleshooting

As an alternative to the CDE login display, the user can choose to log

in from a conventional login prompt

Note – If the Command Line Login option is chosen, you must press

the Return key within 10 seconds of making this choice, otherwise theCDE login screen will restart

When the user successfully logs out from a command-line prompt, theCDE login screen will be restarted

Logging in

Logging in Using the Login Screen

The CDE login screen replaces the usual login prompt

You must enter your login name into the appropriate boxed area, thenpress the Return key or left click on the OK button

If you log in incorrectly, you must repeat the procedure of enteringyour login name and password

Note – If you make a mistake when entering either your login name or

your password, you will be required to reenter both pieces ofinformation Alternatively, you can left click on the Start Over button

to return to the login display The Start Over button will completelyrefresh the screen and remove any typed entry

Logging in

Logging in Using the Command Line

To log in at the command line, follow these steps:

1 Display the Options pull-down menu and select Command LineLogin

2 Press Return to get a prompt for user name entry

Note – You need to press Return fairly quickly or the Login Manager

will restart

3 Type your user name (login ID) at the prompt and press Return

✓ Assign user names and have the students log in to their systems.

4 Type your password at thepasswordprompt and press Return

Logging in

Logging in Using the Command Line

Note – Your password does not appear as you type it By default, if

you do not have a password, you are automatically prompted for oneduring the initial login

Exiting From the Command Line

To log out, at the prompt type:

$ exit

This will exit you from the system and display the CDE LoginManager

Changing Your Password

Changing your password frequently helps prevent unauthorizedaccess to your system

To change your password:

1 If you are logged into a CDE session, right click on the background

to bring up the Workspace Manager, click on Programs, and open

a terminal window (On some systems, the Workspace Managerwill have a menu selection labelled Windows If that is the case,click on this instead of Programs to access a terminal window.)

2 Type the passwdcommand after the system prompt and pressReturn

3 When the prompt Enter login password:appears, type yourcurrent password and press Return

4 When the prompt New passwordappears, type your newpassword and press Return

Changing Your Password

newkey -u username -s nisplus

This puts the user login password in the NIS+ cred table.

The CDE Workspaces

When you log in to a CDE session, four workspaces are available toyou by default Each workspace is equivalent to a desktop

Managing Windows

Overlapping Windows

When an icon is selected from the Front Panel, a window will open onyour workspace screen Normally, windows on the workspace willoverlap each other, with the most recently opened window

overlapping previously opened windows

Lowering a Window

To choose the window menu, position the mouse pointer on thewindow title area and press the right mouse button One option in theresulting menu is to lower the window This option will force thewindow to the back of the overlapping windows on your screendisplay

The alternative keyboard action is to hold down the Alt key and pressfunction key 3 (Alt-F3)

Note – There is no alternative to raising a window to the front of a set

of overlapping windows When selected, a window automaticallycomes to the front of any overlapping windows in a CDE display TheFront key on the keyboard will also bring a window to the front of thedisplay

Window title area

Managing Windows

Moving a Window

To move a window, you can do either of the following:

● Choose the Move option from the window menu The mousepointer will change from an arrow to a small cross Drag the crosspointer to move the window As the cross moves, an outline of thewindow will be displayed on your screen When the outline is inthe desired position, click once with the left mouse button and thewindow will move there

Moving a Window

● Place the mouse pointer over the window’s title area, hold downthe left mouse button, and drag the window to its new screenlocation

When the window is being moved, a pair of numbers will bedisplayed on your screen These are the X and Y axis values whichshow the new position of the window on your workspace display The

number on the left (385) represents the horizontal (X) position The number on the right (231) represents the vertical (Y) position.

These numbers are useful to developers and programmers who want

to have a window appear in the same position every time anapplication is invoked

Single left click

Double-click left button

Maximizing a Window

When the window is reduced to its previous size, it is placed in itsprevious display position on the workspace

Note – When a window occupies all of the workspace display, no

other windows can be seen (as they are covered up) To switch toanother window, you must either lower the full-display window orreduce it to its previous size

You can use the F9 and F10 function keys with the Alt key, as keyboardalternatives to using the mouse

The Minimize and Maximize buttons are shown along with thewindow menu equivalents in the above figure

Managing Windows

Closing a Window

To close a window, double-click with the left mouse button in theupper left corner of the window A window can also be closed bysingle clicking with the left mouse button in the upper left corner andthen selecting the Close option

Double-click left button

Single left click

Closing a Window

The keyboard alternative to close a window is Alt+F4

Most applications will request that you confirm the closure of awindow that contains unsaved data

Leaving the CDE Session

Logging out prevents unauthorized users from gaining access to yourfiles

Using the Exit Button

The Exit Button, on the Front Panel, is used to log out from your CDEsession

By default, you will be asked to confirm that you want to log out.Confirmation is done by clicking on the OK button or by pressingReturn when the OK button is highlighted

Using the Exit Button

The current CDE session will be saved automatically so that you canreturn to the same workspace windows at your next CDE session.However, any data contained in the current set of open windows will

be lost You must therefore save all data before exiting from your CDEsession

It is possible to change the default activities of the Exit button so thatconfirmation is not required This is discussed in a later module

Single left click

Notes

Exercise objective – In this exercise, you will practice logging in on

the command line, changing your password, logging out, and otherbasic CDE skills

Tasks

Complete the following steps:

1 Obtain a user name and password from your instructor

2 Log in to the system using the Command Line Login option

3 Change the password tomypass1

4 Log out of the system

5 Log back in to the system using the Command Line Login optionand the new password, then log back out

6 At the CDE login screen, enter the following (incorrect) details:

Login Name: nosuchuser

Password: wrong

Observe the information displayed on the screen

7 At the CDE login screen, enter your own (correct) details and log

in to a CDE session

8 Using the correct mouse and Front Panel buttons, switch from thedefault workspace display to Workspace Three From WorkspaceThree, switch back to Workspace One

9 Click on the Text Note icon on the Front Panel to open a Text Notewindow

10 Once the Text Note window has been opened, convert the window

to an icon

Exercise: Accessing Your System

14 Reduce the Text Note window back to its previous size

15 Type some text into the Text Note window, then attempt to closethe window

16 Confirm that you want to close the window without saving thetext

17 Exit from your current CDE session

18 Confirm that you want to log out

19 Once you are back at the CDE Login Screen, log in again usingyour allocated login name and password

Exercise Summary

Discussion – Take a few minutes to discuss what experiences, issues,

or discoveries you had during the lab exercises

✓ Manage the discussion here based on the time allowed for this module, which was given

in the “About This Course” module If you find you do not have time to spend on

discussion, then just highlight the key concepts students should have learned from the lab exercise.

● Experiences

✓ Ask students what their overall experiences with this exercise have been You might want

to go over any trouble spots or especially confusing areas at this time.

✓ Explore with students how they might apply what they learned in this exercise to

situations at their workplace.

Exercise: Accessing Your System

Exercise Solutions

2 Log in to the system using the Command Line Login option

Click on Option button on CDE Login screen Click on Command Line Login Press Return and enter your login name at the prompt, followed

by the assigned password.

3 Change the password tomypass1

$ passwd

old password:

new password:

re-enter new password:

4 Log out of the system

$exit

Before continuing on to the next module, check that you are able toaccomplish or answer the following:

❑ List the characteristics of an effective password

❑ Change your password

❑ Describe the function of a mouse button

❑ Log in and log out of a system from the command line

❑ Log in and out of a CDE session

❑ Manipulate windows within the CDE

❑ Invoke and use menus and menu bars

Think Beyond

On a UNIX system, it is not unusual for users to be forced to changetheir passwords on a regular basis What are some reasons for this?

Upon completion of this module, you should be able to

● Describe the arrangement of the Front Panel

● Add workspaces to the Front Panel

● Remove workspaces from the Front Panel

● Rename workspaces

● Minimize the Front Panel

● Open the Front Panel window from the icon

● Lock your workstation

● Add an application to a Front Panel subpanel

● Customize your workspace