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shopping on her bicycle 쑗 He’s
learn-ing to ride a bicycle.
bid
bid /bd/ noun 1 an offer to buy
some-thing at a particular price 쑗 His bid for
the painting was too low 2. an attempt
to do something 왍 she made a bid for
make an offer to buy something at an
auction 쑗 He bid £500 for the car.
(NOTE: bids – bidding – bid)
big
big /b'/ adjective of a large size 쑗 I don’t
want a small car – I want a big one 쑗
His father has the biggest restaurant in
town 쑗 I’m not afraid of him – I’m
big-ger than he is 쑗 We had a big order
from Germany (NOTE: big – bigger –
biggest)
bike
bike /bak/ noun a bicycle (informal) 쑗
He goes to school by bike 쑗 If the
weather’s good, we could go for a bike
ride.
bill
bill /bl/ noun 1 a piece of paper showing
the amount of money you have to pay
for something 쑗 The total bill came to
more than £200 쑗 Ask the waiter for the
bill 쑗 Don’t forget to pay your gas bill.
2. same as beak 쑗 The bird was picking
up food with its bill 3 a proposal
which, if passed by parliament,
be-comes law 쑗 Parliament will consider
the education bill this week 쑗 He has
drafted a bill to ban the sale of guns 4.
US a piece of paper money 쑗 a
10-dol-lar bill
billion
billion / bljən/ noun 1 one thousand
million 쑗 The government raises
bil-lions in taxes each year 2 one million
million (dated) 3 a great many 쑗
Bil-lions of Christmas cards are sent every
year (NOTE: In American English billion
has always meant one thousand
mil-lion, but in British English it formerly
meant one million million, and it is still
sometimes used with this meaning
With figures it is usually written bn:
$5bn say ‘five billion dollars’.)
bin
bin /bn/ noun 1 a container for putting
rubbish in 쑗 Don’t throw your litter on
the floor – pick it up and put it in the bin.
2. a container for keeping things in 쑗 a
bread bin 쐽verb to throw something
away into a rubbish bin 쑗 He just binned
the demand for payment (NOTE: bins –
binning – binned)
bind
bind /band/ verb 1 to tie someone’s
hands or feet so they cannot move 쑗
They bound her arms with a rope 2 to
tie something or someone to something
else 쑗 Bind the sticks together with strings 쑗 They bound him to the chair
with strips of plastic 3 to force
some-one to do something 쑗 The contract
binds him to make regular payments 4.
to put a cover on a book 쑗 The book is
bound in blue leather (NOTE: binds –
binding – bound – has bound)
biologist
biologist /ba ɒləd"st/ noun a scientist who does research in biology
biology
biology /ba ɒləd"i/ noun the study of living things
bird
bird /
and feathers, most of which can fly 2 a
young woman (informal; usually used
by men and sometimes regarded as offensive by women)
birth
birth /
born 쑗 He was a big baby at birth 왍 by
birth according to the country
some-one’s parents come from 쑗 He is French
by birth 왍 to give birth to a baby to
have a baby 쑗 She gave birth to a boy
last week.
birthday
birthday /
which someone was born 쑗 April 23rd
is Shakespeare’s birthday 쑗 My birth-day is on 25th June 쑗 What do you want for your birthday?
biscuit
biscuit / bskt/ noun a small flat,
usual-ly sweet, hard cake (NOTE: The US term
for a sweet biscuit is cookie)
bit
bit /bt/ noun 1 a little piece 쑗 He tied the
bundle of sticks together with a bit of string 쑗 Would you like another bit of
cake? 2 the smallest unit of information
that a computer system can handle 쐽 verb 쏡 bite앳 to bits 1 into little pieces
2. very much 쑗 thrilled to bits 앳 to
chair has come to bits 앳 to take
order to repair it 쑗 He’s taking my old
clock to bits 앳 a bit a little 쑗 The
paint-ing is a bit too dark 쑗 She always plays that tune a bit too fast 쑗 Let him sleep
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a little bit longer 쑗 Can you wait a bit?
I’m not ready yet 쑗 Have you got a
piece of wood a bit bigger than this one?
앳 for a bit for a short period of time 쑗
Can you stop for a bit? I’m getting tired.
bite
bite /bat/ verb 1 to cut someone or
something with your teeth 쑗 The dog
tried to bite the postman 쑗 She bit a
piece out of the pie 2 (of an insect) to
make a small hole in your skin which
turns red and itchy 쑗 She’s been bitten
by a mosquito (NOTE: bites – biting –
noun 1 a small amount of food that you
cut with your teeth in order to eat it 쑗
She took a big bite out of the sandwich.
왍 a bite or a bite to eat a small meal 2.
a place on someone’s body where it has
been bitten
bitter
bitter / btə/ adjective 1 not sweet 쑗
This black coffee is too bitter 2 angry
because something is not fair 쑗 She was
very bitter about the way the company
treated her 3 causing great
disappoint-ment or unhappiness 쑗 a bitter winter
night 쑗 a bitter wind coming from the
Arctic 쑗 Losing her job was a bitter
blow.
bitterly
bitterly / btəli/ adverb strongly 쑗 He
bitterly regrets what he said.
bitterness
bitterness / btənəs/ noun 1 a bitter
taste 2 angry feelings 쑗 His bitterness
at being left out of the England team
was very obvious.
black
black /blk/ adjective 1 having a very
dark colour, the opposite to white 쑗 a
black and white photograph 쑗 He has
black hair 2 belonging to a race of
peo-ple with dark skin, whose families are
African in origin
blackboard
blackboard /
board which you can write on with
chalk, especially on the wall of a
class-room (NOTE: now often called a
‘chalk-board’)
blade
blade /bled/ noun 1 a sharp cutting part
쑗 the blades of a pair of scissors 쑗 Be
careful – that knife has a very sharp
blade 2 a thin leaf of grass 3 one of the
long flat parts that spin round on some
aircraft engines or to keep a helicopter
in the air
blame
blame /blem/ noun criticism for having
done something wrong 쑗 I’m not going
to take the blame for something I didn’t
do 왍 to get the blame for something to
be accused of something 쑗 Who got the blame for breaking the window? – Me,
of course! 왍 to take the blame for
something to accept that you were
re-sponsible for something bad 쐽 verb 왍 to
blame someone for something, to
blame something on someone to say
that someone is responsible for
some-thing 쑗 Blame my sister for the awful
food, not me 쑗 He blamed the accident
on the bad weather 왍 I don’t blame
don’t blame you for being annoyed, when everyone else got a present and you didn’t 왍 you have only yourself to
blame no one else is responsible for
what happened 쑗 You have only yourself
to blame if you missed the chance of a free ticket 왍 to be to blame for to be
re-sponsible for something 쑗 The manager
is to blame for the bad service.
blank
blank /blŋk/ adjective not containing any information, sound or writing, e.g
쑗 She took a blank piece of paper and
drew a map 쑗 Have we got any blank videos left? 쐽 noun an empty space, es-pecially on a printed form, for
some-thing to be written in 쑗 Just fill in the
blanks on the second page – age, occu-pation, etc 앳 to go blank to be unable
to remember something 쑗 I went blank
when they asked what I was doing last Tuesday 쑗 When he asked for my work phone number, my mind just went blank.
or cover a piece of writing 쑗 The
sur-name had been blanked out 2 to try to
forget something deliberately 쑗 She
blanked out the days or the memory of the days immediately after the car crash.
blanket
blanket / blŋkt/ noun 1 a thick cover
which you put over you to keep warm 쑗
He woke up when the blankets fell off the bed 쑗 She wrapped the children up
in blankets to keep them warm 2 a
thick layer 쑗 a blanket of leaves 쑗 A
blanket of snow covered the fields 쑗 The motorway was covered in a blanket
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Trang 3blankly 33 blow
of fog 3 a barrier to protect something
쑗 a blanket of secrecy 쐽adjective
af-fecting everything or everyone 쑗 a
blan-ket ban on smoking
blankly
blankly / blŋkli/ adverb not showing
any reaction or emotion 쑗 When the
teacher asked him about his homework
he just stared at her blankly.
blast
Several windows were shattered by the
blast 2. a strong current of wind 쑗 an
icy blast from the north 3 a sharp loud
sound from a signal or whistle 쑗 Three
blasts of the alarm means that
passen-gers should go on deck 쐽verb to
de-stroy with a bomb or bullets 쑗 The
bur-glars blasted their way into the safe 쑗
They blasted their way out of the police
trap.
blaze
blaze /blez/ verb to burn or shine
strong-ly 쑗 The fire was blazing 쑗 The sun
blazed through the clouds 쐽 noun a
large bright fire 쑗 The house was
burned down in the blaze.
bleed
chin bled after he cut himself shaving 쑗
He was bleeding heavily from his
wound (NOTE: bleeds – bleeding –
blend
blend /blend/ noun something,
especial-ly a substance, made by mixing
differ-ent things together 쑗 different blends of
coffee 쐽 verb 1 to mix things together
쑗 Blend the eggs, milk and flour
togeth-er 2 (of colours) to go well together 쑗
The grey curtains blend with the pale
wallpaper.
bless
bless /bles/ verb to make something holy
by prayers 쑗 The church was blessed by
the bishop (NOTE: blesses – blessing
with to experience happiness or good
things 쑗 They were blessed with two
healthy children 앳 bless you said
when someone sneezes
blew
blew /
blind
blind /bland/ adjective not able to see 쑗
He went blind in his early forties.
(NOTE: Some people avoid this word as
it can cause offence and prefer terms
such as visually impaired or partially
un-able to see, especially for a short time 쑗
She was blinded by the bright lights of the oncoming cars.
blindness
blindness / blandnəs/ noun the state
of not being able to see 쑗 The disease
can cause blindness (NOTE: Some peo-ple avoid this term as it can cause
of-fence and prefer visual impairment.)
blink
blink /blŋk/ noun to close your eyes and
open them again very quickly 쑗 The
sudden flash of light made him blink 쐽
verb (of lights) to go on and off 쑗 The alarm light is blinking.
block
block /blɒk/ noun 1 a large building 쑗
They live in a block of flats 2 a large
piece 쑗 Blocks of ice were floating in the
river 3 something that prevents
some-thing happening 쑗 a block on making
payments 왍 to put a block on
some-thing to stop somesome-thing happening 4.
same as blockage 1 5. US a section of
buildings surrounded by streets 쑗 He
lives two blocks away 쐽 verb to prevent something from passing along
some-thing 쑗 The pipe is blocked with dead
leaves 쑗 The crash blocked the road for hours.
blockage
blockage / blɒkd"/ noun 1 something
which prevents movement 쑗 There’s a
blockage further down the drain 2 the
state of being blocked
blood
blood /bld/ noun the red liquid that flows around the body
blossom
blossom / blɒs(ə)m/ noun 1 the mass
of flowers that appears on trees in the
spring 쑗 The hedges are covered with
hawthorn blossom 쑗 The trees are in
full blossom 2. a single flower 쐽 verb to
produces flowers 쑗 The roses were
blos-soming round the cottage door.
blouse
blouse /blaυz/ noun a woman’s shirt
blow
blow /bləυ/ verb 1 (of air or wind) to
move 쑗 The wind had been blowing
hard all day 2 to push air out from your
mouth 쑗 Blow on your soup if it’s too
hot (NOTE: blows – blowing – blew –
blow air through your nose into a
hand-kerchief, especially if you have a cold 쑗
She has a cold and keeps having to blow her nose 쐽 noun 1 a knock or hit with
the hand 쑗 He received a blow to the
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head in the fight 2 a shock, which
comes from bad news 쑗 The election
re-sult was a blow to the government.
by blowing 쑗 His hat blew away 2 to
make something go away by blowing 쑗
The wind will blow the fog away.
something fall down by blowing 쑗 Six
trees were blown down in the storm 2.
to fall down by blowing 쑗 The school
fence has blown down.
some-thing go away by blowing 쑗 The wind
blew his hat off.
some-thing go out by blowing 쑗 She blew out
the candles on her birthday cake.
or a difficult situation) to end 쑗 We hope
the argument will soon blow over 2 to
knock something down by blowing 쑗
The strong winds blew over several
trees.
some-thing get bigger by blowing into it 쑗 He
blew up balloons for the party 쑗 Your
front tyre needs blowing up 2 to
de-stroy something by making it explode 쑗
The soldiers blew up the railway bridge.
3. to make a photograph bigger 쑗 The
article was illustrated with a blown-up
picture of the little girl and her
stepfa-ther.
blue
blue /
sky 쑗 He wore a pale blue shirt 쑗 They
live in the house with the dark blue door.
쐽 noun the colour of the sky 쑗 Is there
a darker blue than this available? 앳 out
came an offer of a job in Australia.
blues
blues /
the southern US 쑗 Bessie Smith, the
great blues singer.
blunder
blunder / blndə/ noun a big mistake,
often one that causes a lot of
embarrass-ment 쑗 A dreadful blunder by the
goal-keeper allowed their opponents to
score.
blunt
blunt /blnt/ adjective 1 not sharp 쑗 He
tried to cut the meat with a blunt knife.
2. almost rude 쑗 His blunt manner often
upset people.
bluntly
bluntly / blntli/ adverb in a direct way that may upset people
blurred
blurred /
쑗 The paper printed a blurred
photo-graph of the suspect.
blush
blush /blʃ/ verb to go red in the face be-cause you are ashamed or embarrassed
쑗 She blushed when he spoke to her board
board /
something such as wood 쑗 The floor of
the bedroom was just bare boards 2 a
blackboard or chalkboard 쑗 The teacher
wrote on the board.
boast
boast /bəυst/ verb 1 to have something
good 쑗 The house boasts a large garden
and pond 쑗 The town boasts an 18-hole
golf course 2 to say how good or
suc-cessful you are 쐽 noun the act of talking
about things that you are proud of 쑗
Their proudest boast is that they never surrendered.
boat
boat /bəυt/ noun a small vehicle that
people use for moving on water 쑗 They
sailed their boat across the lake 쑗 They went to Spain by boat 쑗 When is the next boat to Calais? 앳 in the same
boat in the same difficult situation 쑗
Don’t expect special treatment – we’re all in the same boat.
body
body / bɒdi/ noun 1 the whole of a
per-son or of an animal 쑗 He had pains all over his body (NOTE: The plural is
person, but not the head and arms and
legs 쑗 She had scars on the arms and
upper part of her body (NOTE: The
plu-ral is bodies.) 3 the body of a dead
per-son or animal 쑗 The dead man’s body
was found in the river 쑗 Bodies of
in-fected cows were burnt in the fields 4.
the main structure of a vehicle 쑗 The
factory used to make car bodies 5 the
main part of something 쑗 You’ll find the
details in the body of the report (NOTE:
The plural is bodies.) 6 the thickness
of hair 쑗 The shampoo will give your
hair body (NOTE: no plural)
bodyguard
bodyguard /
son who guards someone 쑗 The man
was stopped by the president’s
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guards 2 a group of people who guard
someone 쑗 He has a bodyguard of six
people or a six-man bodyguard.
boil
boil /bɔl/ verb 1 (of water or other
liquid) to form bubbles and change into
steam or gas because of being heated 쑗
Put the egg in when you see that the
wa-ter’s boiling 쑗 Don’t let the milk boil 2.
to heat a liquid until it changes into
steam 쑗 Can you boil some water so we
can make tea? 3 to cook food such as
vegetables or eggs in boiling water 쑗
Boil the potatoes in a large pan 쐽 noun
an infected swelling 쑗 He has a boil on
the back of his neck.
boiling
boiling / bɔlŋ/ adjective 1 which has
started to boil (i.e for water, at 100°C)
쑗 Put the potatoes in a pan of boiling
water 2 also boiling hot very hot 쑗 It
is boiling in this room.
bolt
bolt /bəυlt/ noun 1 a long piece of metal
with a screw, fastened with a round
piece of metal called a nut 쑗 The legs of
the table are secured to the top with
bolts 2 a long piece of metal which you
slide into a hole to lock a door 쑗 She
pulled back the bolts 3 왍 to make a
guards weren’t looking two prisoners
tried to make a bolt for it 쐽 verb 1 to
run fast suddenly 쑗 The horse bolted 2.
to run away from someone or something
쑗 When the boys saw him coming, they
bolted 3 to fasten something with a
bolt 쑗 He bolted the door when he went
to bed 쑗 The tables are bolted to the
floor 앳 to make a bolt for something
to rush towards something 쑗 At the end
of the show everyone made a bolt for the
door 앳 to make a bolt for it to run
away from someone or something 쑗
When the guards weren’t looking two
prisoners tried to make a bolt for it.
bomb
bomb /bɒm/ noun a weapon which
ex-plodes, and can be dropped from an
air-craft or placed somewhere by hand 쑗
The bomb was left in a suitcase in the
middle of the station 쑗 They phoned to
say that a bomb had been planted in the
main street 쑗 Enemy aircraft dropped
bombs on the army base 쐽 verb to drop
bombs on something 쑗 Enemy aircraft
bombed the power station.
bombing
bombing / bɒmŋ/ noun an occasion when someone attacks a place with a
bomb or bombs 쑗 bombings in centre of
major cities 쑗 a bombing raid by enemy aircraft
bone
bone /bəυn/ noun one of the solid pieces
in the body, which make up the skeleton
쑗 He fell over and broke a bone in his
leg 쑗 Be careful when you’re eating fish – they have lots of little bones.
bonfire
bonfire / bɒnfaə/ noun a fire made out-doors
bonnet
bonnet / bɒnt/ noun 1 the metal cover
over the front part of a car, covering the
engine 쑗 He lifted up the bonnet and
looked at the steam pouring out of the
engine 2 a hat with strings that tie
un-der the chin
bonus
bonus / bəυnəs/ noun 1 extra money 쑗
Sales staff earn a bonus if they sell more
than their target 2 an advantage 쑗 It
was a bonus that the plane arrived
ear-ly, as we were able to catch an earlier bus home (NOTE: The plural is
bonus-es.)왍 added bonus an additional
ad-vantage 쑗 I prefer this job and it’s an added bonus that I can walk to work.
bony
bony / bəυni/ adjective 1 thin, so that
the bones can be seen easily 쑗 She was
riding a bony horse 쑗 He grabbed her
arm with his bony hand 2 (of fish) with
many bones 쑗 I don’t like kippers,
they’re usually too bony (NOTE: bonier
– boniest)
book
book /bυk/ noun 1 sheets of printed
pa-per attached together, usually with a
stiff cover 쑗 I’m reading a book on the
history of London 쑗 He wrote a book
about butterflies 2 sheets of paper to
write or draw on, attached together in a cover 쒁 exercise book, notebook,
a seat, a table in a restaurant or a room
in a hotel 쑗 We have booked a table for
tomorrow evening 왍 to book someone
on or onto a flight to order a plane
tick-et for someone else 쑗 I’ve booked you
on the 10 o’clock flight to New York.
booking
booking / bυkŋ/ noun an arrangement
to have something such as a seat, hotel room or a table in a restaurant kept for you
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boom
boom /
in the amount of money being earned in
a country or region, or by a business 쑗
The economy is improving and everyone
is forecasting a boom for next year 2 a
loud deep noise, like the sound of an
ex-plosion 쑗 There was such a loud boom
that everyone jumped 쐽 verb 1 to
in-crease 쑗 The economy is booming 쑗
Sales to Europe are booming 2 to make
a loud deep noise 쑗 His voice boomed
across the square.
boot
boot /
covers your foot and your ankle or the
lower part of your leg 쑗 long black
rid-ing boots 쑗 walkrid-ing boots 쑗 ankle boots
com-puter start 2 (of a comcom-puter) to be
start-ed up and made ready for use
border
border /
line between countries or regions 쑗
They crossed the border into
Switzer-land 쑗 The enemy shelled several
bor-der towns 쑗 He was questioned by the
border guards 2 a pattern around the
edge of something 쑗 I don’t like the pink
border on the scarf 3 a patch of soil at
the side of a path or an area of grass
where flowers or bushes are planted 쐽
verb to be along the edge of something
쑗 The path is bordered with rose bushes.
쑗 The new houses border the west side
of the park.
bor-der verb
bore
bore /
very interesting 쑗 I don’t want to sit next
to him, he’s such a bore 쐽 verb to make
a hole in something 쑗 Bore three holes
close together.
bored
bored /
what is happening 쑗 You get very bored
having to do the same work every day 쑗
I’m bored – let’s go out to the club.
boredom
boredom /
being bored
boring
boring /
쑗 I don’t want to watch that TV
pro-gramme – it’s boring.
born
born /
mother’s body and begin to live 쑗 He
was born in Scotland 쑗 She was born in
1989 쑗 The baby was born last week.
borne
borne /
borrow
borrow / bɒrəυ/ verb 1 to take
some-thing for a short time, usually with the
permission of the owner 쑗 She
bor-rowed three books from the school li-brary 쑗 He wants to borrow one of my
CDs 2 to take money for a time,
usual-ly from a bank 쑗 Companies borrow
from banks to finance their business 쑗 She borrowed £100,000 from the bank
to buy a flat Compare lend
boss
boss /bɒs/ noun the person in charge,
es-pecially the owner of a business 쑗 If you
want a day off, ask the boss 쑗 I left be-cause I didn’t get on with my boss.
(NOTE: The plural is bosses.)
both
both /bəυθ/ adjective, pronoun two
peo-ple or things together 쑗 Hold onto the
handle with both hands 쑗 Both my shoes have holes in them 쑗 Both her brothers are very tall 쑗 She has two brothers, both of them in Canada 쑗 She and her brother both go to the same school 쑗 I’m talking to both of you.
bother
bother / bɒðə/ noun trouble or worry 쑗
We found the shop without any bother 쑗
It was such a bother getting packed that
we nearly didn’t go on holiday 쐽 verb
1. to make someone feel slightly angry,
especially by disturbing them 쑗 It
both-ers me that everyone is so lazy 쑗 Stop
bothering me – I’m trying to read 2 왍
to bother to do something to take the
time or trouble to do something 쑗 Don’t
bother to come with me to the station –
I can find my way easily.
bottle
bottle / bɒt(ə)l/ noun 1 a tall plastic or
glass container for liquids, usually with
a narrow part at the top 쑗 He opened two
bottles of red wine 쑗 She drank the wa-ter straight out of the bottle 쑗 He bought his wife a bottle of perfume on
the plane 2 confidence (informal) 쑗 He hasn’t got the bottle to do it 쐽verb to
put in bottles 쑗 The wine is bottled in
Germany 쑗 Only bottled water is safe
to drink.
bottled
bottled / bɒt(ə)ld/ adjective sold in bot-tles
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bottom
bottom / bɒtəm/ noun 1 the lowest
point 쑗 The ship sank to the bottom of
the sea 쑗 Turn left at the bottom of the
hill 쑗 Is there any honey left in the
bot-tom of the jar? 2. the far end 쑗 Go down
to the bottom of the street and you will
see the station on your left 쑗 The shed
is at the bottom of the garden 3 the part
of the body on which you sit 쑗 Does my
bottom look big in these trousers? 쐽
plural noun bottoms the lower part of a
set of clothes 쑗 He was wearing just his
track suit bottoms 쐽 adjective lowest 쑗
The jam is on the bottom shelf 쑗 He was
standing on the bottom rung of the
lad-der.
bought
bought /
ple of buy
bounce
bounce /baυns/ noun 1 a movement of
something such as a ball when it hits a
surface and moves away again 쑗 He hit
the ball on the second bounce 2 energy
쑗 She’s always full of bounce 쐽 verb to
spring up and down or off a surface 쑗
The ball bounced down the stairs 쑗 He
kicked the ball but it bounced off the
post 쑗 In this game you bounce the ball
against the wall.
bound
bound /baυnd/ noun a big jump 쐽
ad-jective 1 very likely 쑗 They are bound
to be late 2 obliged 쑗 He felt bound to
help her 쑗 He is bound by the contract
he signed last year 3 tied up 쑗 a bundle
of old letters bound with pink ribbon 쑗
The burglars left him bound hand and
foot 쐽 verb to make a big jump, or
move fast suddenly 쑗 She bounded into
the room 쑗 He bounded out of his chair.
쑗 The dog bounded into the bushes 앳
for the Gulf
boundary
boundary / baυnd(ə)ri/ noun an
imagi-nary line or physical barrier separating
two things 쑗 Their behaviour crossed
the boundary between unkindness and
cruelty 쑗 The white fence marks the
boundary between the two gardens.
bow
bow /baυ/ noun 1 the act of bending
your body forwards as a greeting or sign
of respect 쑗 He made a deep bow to the
audience 왍 to take a bow to stand on a
stage and bend forwards to thank the
au-dience 쑗 The actors took their bows one
after the other 2 the front part of a ship
쐽 verb 1 to bend your body forward as
a greeting or sign of respect 쑗 He bowed
to the queen 2 to bend your head
for-wards 쑗 She bowed her head over her
books.
bowl
bowl /bəυl/ noun 1 a wide, round
con-tainer for something such as food or
wa-ter 쑗 Put the egg whites in a bowl and
beat them 2 the food or liquid
con-tained in a bowl 쑗 He was eating a bowl
of rice 쑗 A bowl of hot thick soup is just what you need in this cold weather 쐽
verb 1 (especially in cricket) to throw a
ball to a batsman 왍 to bowl someone
(out) to throw the ball to someone and
hit his or her wicket 2 (in a game of
bowls) to roll a bowl along the ground to try to get close to the target
box
box /bɒks/ noun 1 a container made of
wood, plastic, cardboard or metal, with
a lid 쑗 The cakes came in a cardboard
box 2 a container and its contents 쑗 He
took a box of matches from his pocket 쑗
He gave her a box of chocolates for her birthday 쐽verb to fight by punching, especially when wearing special thick
gloves 쑗 He learnt to box at a gym in the
East End.
boxing
boxing / bɒksŋ/ noun a sport in which two opponents fight each other in a square area wearing special thick gloves
boy
boy /bɔ/ noun 1 a male child 쑗 A boy
from our school won the tennis match 쑗
I knew him when he was a boy 2 a son
쑗 Her three boys are all at university 3.
왍 the boys men who are friends, or who
play sport together (informal)
boyfriend
boyfriend / bɔfrend/ noun a young or older man that someone is having a
ro-mantic relationship with 쑗 She’s got a
new boyfriend 쑗 She brought her boy-friend to the party.
bra
bra / derwear worn to support the breasts
bracelet
bracelet / breslət/ noun a piece of jew-ellery worn around your wrist or arm
brain
brain /bren/ noun 1 the nerve centre in the head, which controls all the body 2.
intelligence 왍 to use your brain to
think sensibly 왍 she’s got brains, she’s
got a good brain she’s intelligent
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brainy
brainy / breni/ adjective very intelligent
(informal) (NOTE: brainier – brainiest)
brake
brake /brek/ noun a part of a vehicle
used for stopping or making it go more
slowly 쑗 Put the brake on when you go
down a hill 쑗 The brakes aren’t
work-ing! 쐽 verb to slow down by pressing a
vehicle’s brakes 쑗 The driver of the
lit-tle white van braked, but too late to
avoid the dog.
branch
branch /
a tree, growing out of the main part 쑗
He hit his head against a low branch 2.
a local office of an organisation 쑗 He’s
the manager of our local branch of
Lloyds Bank 쑗 The store has branches
in most towns in the south of the
coun-try 3 one part of something larger 쑗
Genetics is a branch of biology 쑗 I’m
not in contact with the Irish branch of
my family 4 a section of a road, railway
line or river that leads to or from the
main part 쐽verb to divide into two or
more parts
brand
brand /brnd/ noun a product with a
name, made by a particular company 쑗
a well-known brand of soap 쐽verb to
describe someone or something
public-ly as bad 쑗 He was branded as a thief 쑗
The minister was publicly branded a
liar in the newspaper.
brand name
brand name / brnd nem/ noun the
official name of a product
brand-new
brand-new /
completely new
brass
brass /
metal used for making things such as
some musical instruments and door
han-dles 쑗 The doctor has a brass name
plate on his door 2 musical
instru-ments made of brass, such as trumpets
or trombones 쑗 the brass section of the
orchestra 쑗 He has composed several
pieces of music for brass.
brave
brave /brev/ adjective not afraid of
do-ing unpleasant or dangerous thdo-ings 쑗 It
was very brave of him to dive into the
river to rescue the little girl (NOTE:
un-pleasant or dangerous conditions in
or-der to achieve something 쑗 We braved
the Saturday crowds in the supermarket
because we needed bread and milk.
bravely
bravely / brevli/ adverb in a brave way
bravery
bravery / brevəri/ noun the ability to
do dangerous or unpleasant things
with-out being afraid 쑗 We admired her
brav-ery in coping with the illness 쑗 He won
an award for bravery.
bread
bread /bred/ noun food made from flour
and water baked in an oven 쑗 Can you
get a loaf of bread from the baker’s? 쑗 She cut thin slices of bread for sand-wiches.
breadth
breadth /bredθ/ noun 1 a measurement
of how wide something is 쑗 The breadth
of the piece of land is over 300m 2 the
fact of being full or complete 쑗 His
an-swers show the breadth of his knowl-edge of the subject 앳 the length and
a place 쑗 We walked the length and
breadth of the field but found no mush-rooms.
break
break /brek/ verb 1 to make something
divide into pieces accidentally or
delib-erately 쑗 He dropped the plate on the floor and broke it 쑗 She broke her leg when she was skiing 쑗 Break the
choc-olate into four pieces 2 to divide into
pieces accidentally 쑗 The clock fell on
the floor and broke 3 to fail to carry out
the terms of a contract or a rule 쑗 The
company has broken its agreement 왍 to
break a promise not to do what you had
promised to do 쑗 He broke his promise
and wrote to her again 4 왍 to break it
or to break the news to someone to tell
someone bad news 쑗 We will have to
break it to her as gently as possible.
(NOTE: Do not confuse with brake Note also breaks – breaking – broke
/brəυk/ – has broken / brəυkən/.) 쐽
noun 1 a short pause or rest 쑗 There
will be a 15-minute break in the middle
of the meeting 왍 without a break
with-out stopping 쑗 They worked without a
break 왍 to take a break to have a short
rest 쑗 We’ll take a break now, and start
again in fifteen minutes 2 a short
holi-day 쑗 a winter break 앳 to break your
before going on 쑗 We’ll break our
jour-ney in Edinburgh.
ma-chine) to stop working 쑗 The lift has
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broken down again 쑗 The car broke
down and we had to push it 2 to show
all the items that are included in a total
separately 쑗 Can you break down this
invoice into travel costs and extras? 3.
to become upset and start crying 쑗
When she got her results she just broke
down 4 to separate a substance into
small parts, or to become separated 쑗
Enzymes break down the food 5 to fail
쑗 Their relationship quickly broke
down when he lost his job 쑗 The
discus-sions seem likely to break down over the
amount of money being offered.
to break into a building to use force to
get into a building 쑗 Burglars broke
into the office during the night 2 to
in-terrupt something that is happening 쑗
I’m sorry to break in, but I need to speak
to Mr McGregor urgently.
something 쑗 When they saw the photos,
they broke into laughter.
something come off by breaking 쑗 He
broke a piece off his pie and gave it to
the dog 2 to come off by breaking 쑗
The handle broke off the cup in the
dish-washer 쑗 Several branches broke off in
the wind 3 to stop something suddenly
쑗 He broke off in the middle of his story.
쑗 They broke off the discussions 왍 to
were going to get married, but she
broke it off.
War broke out between the countries in
the area 2 to escape 쑗 Three prisoners
broke out of jail.
pieces 쑗 The oil tanker was breaking up
on the rocks 2 (of a meeting) to end 쑗
The meeting broke up at 3 p.m.
breakable
breakable / brekəb(ə)l/ adjective that
can break easily
breakdown
breakdown / brekdaυn/ noun 1 a
sit-uation in which someone cannot
contin-ue to live normally any more because
they are mentally ill or very tired 2 a
situation in which a machine or vehicle
stops working 쑗 We had a breakdown
on the motorway 쑗 A breakdown truck came to tow us to the garage.
breakfast
breakfast / brekfəst/ noun the first
meal of the day 쑗 I had a boiled egg for breakfast 쑗 She didn’t have any break-fast because she was in a hurry 쑗 The hotel serves breakfast from 7.30 to 9.30 every day.
breast
breast /brest/ noun 1 one of two parts
on a woman’s chest which produce milk
2. meat from the chest part of a bird 쑗
We bought some chicken breasts to make
a stir-fry.
breath
breath /breθ/ noun air which goes into and out of the body through the nose or
mouth 쑗 We could see our breath in the
cold air 왍 out of breath, gasping for
He was out of breath after running all the way to the station 왍 to hold your
breath to keep air in your lungs, e.g in
order to go under water 쑗 She held her
breath under water for a minute 왍 to
take a deep breath to breathe in as
much air as you can 앳 to take
some-one very much 쑗 The beautiful view just
took our breath away 앳 under your
breath 앳 don’t hold your breath
don’t expect it to happen 쑗 He said he’ll
pay us next month, but don’t hold your breath!
breathe
breathe /
lungs or let it out 쑗 Relax and breathe in
and then out slowly 왍 to breathe
breathing down someone’s neck
al-ways watching and judging what some-one is doing
breathless
breathless / breθləs/ adjective finding
it difficult to breathe
breed
breed / plants specially developed with features that make it different from others of the same type 쐽 verb 1 to produce young
animals 쑗 Rabbits breed very rapidly 2.
to keep animals which produce young
ones 쑗 They breed sheep for the meat
and the wool (NOTE: breeds –
breeze
cool breeze is welcome on a hot day like
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this 쐽 verb to walk around looking very
pleased with yourself 쑗 He breezed into
the meeting carrying a cup of coffee.
something without any difficulty 쑗 She
breezed through the tests in an hour.
brick
brick /brk/ noun a hard block of baked
clay used for building
bride
bride /brad/ noun a woman who is
get-ting married or has just married
bridge
bridge /brd"/ noun 1 a road or path
built over a road or river so that you can
walk or drive from one side to the other
2. a connection or helpful link between
two things 쑗 A shared interest can be a
bridge between old and young.
brief
brief note of thanks 쑗 The meeting was
very brief 앳 in brief in a few words, or
without giving details 쑗 We have food
for only a few days; in brief, the
situa-tion is very serious.
briefcase
briefcase /
carrying papers or documents
briefly
briefly /
2. in a few words, or without giving
de-tails
bright
bright /brat/ adjective 1 full of light or
sunlight 쑗 a bright day 쑗 a bright room
왍 bright sunshine or sunlight strong
clear light from the sun 2 (of a colour)
very strong 쑗 They have painted their
front door bright orange 3 a young
person who is bright is intelligent 쑗
Both children are very bright 쑗 She’s
the brightest student we’ve had for
many years 4 clear and sunny 쑗 There
will be bright periods during the
after-noon 5 happy and pleasant 쑗 She gave
me a bright smile.
brightly
brightly / bratli/ adverb 1 in a strong
clear light or colour 쑗 A children’s book
with brightly painted pictures 쑗 The
streets were brightly lit for Christmas.
2. cheerfully 쑗 She smiled brightly as
she went into the hospital.
brightness
brightness / bratnəs/ noun 1 strong
clear light 2 strong colour
brilliant
brilliant / brljənt/ adjective 1
extreme-ly clever 쑗 He’s the most brilliant
stu-dent of his year 쑗 She had a brilliant
idea 2 (of light) strong and clear 쑗 She
stepped out into the brilliant sunshine.
3. very good (informal) 쑗 The way the information is displayed on this website
is brilliant.
bring
bring /brŋ/ verb to come with someone
or something to this place 쑗 She brought
the books to school with her 쑗 He brought his girlfriend home for tea 쑗 Are you bringing any friends to the par-ty? (NOTE: brings – bringing –
brought /
and educate a child 쑗 He was born in
the USA but brought up in England 쑗
He was brought up by his uncle in
Scot-land 2 to mention a problem 쑗 He
brought up the question of the noise.
brink
brink /brŋk/ noun the brink the time
when something is about to happen 왍 on
the brink of (doing) something about
to achieve something 쑗 The company is
on the brink of collapse 쑗 She was on the brink of a nervous breakdown.
British
British / brtʃ/ adjective relating to the
United Kingdom 쑗 a British citizen 쑗
the British army 쑗 The British press re-ported their death in a plane crash in Africa 쑗 The ship was flying a British
flag.
broad
broad river 쒁 breadth
broadcast
broadcast /
TV programme 쑗 The broadcast came live from the award ceremony.
broke
broke /brəυk/ adjective with no money (informal ) 쐽 past tense of break
broken
broken / brəυkən/ adjective 1 in pieces
쑗 She tried to mend the broken vase 2.
not working 쑗 We can’t use the lift
be-cause it’s broken.
brooch
brooch /brəυtʃ/ noun a piece of jewel-lery fixed onto clothes with a pin (NOTE:
The plural is brooches.)
brother
brother / brðə/ noun a boy or man who has the same mother and father as
some-one else 쑗 My brother John is three
years older than me 쑗 She came with her three brothers.
brought
brought /
ciple of bring
brown
brown /braυn/ adjective 1 with a colour
like earth or wood 쑗 She has brown hair
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guards a group of people who guard... born 쑗 April 23rd
is Shakespeare’s birthday 쑗 My birth-day is on 25th June 쑗 What you want for your birthday?
biscuit
biscuit...
some-thing to stop somesome-thing happening 4.
same as blockage 1 5. US a section of
buildings surrounded by streets 쑗 He
lives