easier english basic dictionary second edition_part8 pot

rob rob /rɒb/ verb to attack and steal from someone NOTE: robs – robbing – robbed robber robber / rɒbə/ noun a person who at-tacks and steals from someone robot robot / rəυbɒt/ noun a ma

rib 265 ring

rib

rib /rb/ noun one of 24 curved bones

which protect your chest 쑗 He fell down

while skiing and broke two ribs.

ribbon

ribbon / rbən/ noun a long thin piece of

material for tying things or used as

dec-oration

rice

rice /ras/ noun the seeds of a tropical

plant which are cooked and eaten 쑗 She

only had a bowl of rice for her evening

meal (NOTE: no plural: some rice, a

bowl of rice, a spoonful of rice)

rich

rich /rtʃ/ adjective 1 who has a lot of

money 쑗 If only we were rich, then we

could buy a bigger house 쑗 He never

spends anything, and so he gets richer

and richer 2. made with a lot of cream,

butter, or eggs 쑗 This cream cake is too

rich for me.

rid

rid /rd/ adjective 왍 to get rid of

some-thing to throw somesome-thing away 쑗 Do

you want to get rid of that old bookcase?

쑗 We have been told to get rid of twenty

staff 쑗 She doesn’t seem able to get rid

of her cold.

ride

ride /rad/ noun a pleasant trip, e.g on a

horse or a bike or in a car 쑗 Does

any-one want to come for a bike ride? 쑗 Can

I have a ride on your motorbike? 쑗 He

took us all for a ride in his new car 쑗

The station is only a short bus ride from

the college 쐽 verb to go on a horse, on

a bike, etc 쑗 He rode his bike across the

road without looking 쑗 She’s never

rid-den (on) an elephant 쑗 My little sister

is learning to ride, but she’s frightened

of big horses (NOTE: rides – riding –

rode / rəυd/ – ridden / rd(ə)n/)

rider

rider / radə/ noun a person who rides 쑗

The rider of the black horse fell at the

first fence 쑗 Motorcycle riders must

wear helmets.

ridiculous

ridiculous /r dkjυləs/ adjective

ex-tremely silly or unreasonable

rifle

rifle / raf(ə)l/ noun a gun with a long

barrel which you hold with two hands,

against your shoulder 쑗 The gunman

was on a roof with a rifle 쑗 He was

shooting at a target with an air rifle.

right

right /rat/ adjective 1 correct 쑗 She

didn’t put the bottles back in the 쑗

You’re right – the number 8 bus doesn’t

go to Marble Arch 쑗 She gave the right

answer every time 쑗 He says the swer is 285 – quite right! 쑗 Is the station clock right? 쑗 Is this the right train for Manchester? 쒁 all right 2. on the sameside as the hand which most people use

an-to write with 쑗 In England cars don’t drive on the right side of the road 쑗 The keys are in the top right drawer of my desk 쑗 He was holding the suitcase in his right hand 쐽 noun the side opposite

to the left 쑗 When driving in France member to keep to the right 쑗 When you get to the next crossroads, turn to the right 쑗 Who was that girl sitting on the right of your father? 쑗 Go straight ahead, and take the second road on the right 쐽 adverb 1 directly, or in a

re-straight line 쑗 Instead of stopping at the crossroads, he drove right on across the main road and 쑗 To get to the police sta- tion, keep right on to the end of the road, and then turn left 쑗 Go right along to the end of the corridor, you’ll see my of-

fice in front of you 2 exactly 쑗 The pub

is right at the end of the road 쑗 The phone rang right in the middle of the TV programme 쑗 She stood right in front of the TV and no one could see the screen.

3. towards the right-hand side 쑗 To get

to the station, turn right at the traffic lights 쑗 Children should be taught to look right and left before crossing the road 쐽 interjection agreed, OK 쑗

Right, so we all meet again at 7 o’clock?

right-wing /rat wŋ/ adjective longing or relating to the conservativepolitical parties

be-rigid

rigid / rd"d/ adjective stiff and notbending much

rim

rim /rm/ noun 1 the edge of something

round, like a wheel or a cup 쑗 The rim

of the glass is chipped 2 a frame of a

pair of spectacles 쑗 He wears glasses with steel rims.

ring

ring /rŋ/ noun 1 a round object,

espe-cially a piece of jewellery 쑗 She has a gold ring in her nose 쑗 He wears a ring

on his little finger 2 a circle of people

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rinse 266 road

or things 쑗 The teacher asked the

chil-dren to sit in a ring round her 3. the

noise of an electric bell 쑗 There was a

ring at the door 4 a space where a

cir-cus show takes place or where a boxing

match is held 쑗 The horses galloped

round the ring the ring 쑗 The

ringmas-ter came into the ring with his top hat

and whip 쐽verb 1 to make a sound

with a bell 쑗 The postman rang the

doorbell 쑗 Is that your phone ringing?

2. to telephone someone 쑗 He rang me

to say he would be late 쑗 Don’t ring

to-morrow afternoon – the office will be

closed 쑗 Don’t ring me, I’ll ring you.

(NOTE: rings – ringing – rang / rŋ/ –

rung /rŋ/) 앳 to ring a bell to remind

someone of something 쑗 The name

rings a bell 쑗 Does the name Arbuthnot

ring any bells?

ring up phrasal verb to speak to

some-one using a telephsome-one

rinse

rinse /rns/ verb to put things covered

with soap or dirty things into clean

wa-ter to remove the soap or the dirt 쑗 Rinse

the dishes before putting them on the

draining board to dry 쐽 noun the act of

washing something in clean water to get

rid of soap 쑗 Give your shirt a good

rinse.

riot

riot / raət/ noun noisy and usually

vio-lent behaviour by a crowd of people 쑗

The protesters started a riot.

rip

rip /rp/ noun a tear in cloth 쑗 He lost the

race because of a rip in his sail 쐽 verb

1. to tear something roughly 쑗 I ripped

my sleeve on a nail 쑗 She ripped open

the parcel to see what he had given her.

쑗 The old bathroom is being ripped out

and new units put in 2 to go through

something violently 쑗 The fire ripped

through the building (NOTE: rips –

rip-ping – ripped)

ripe

ripe /rap/ adjective ready to eat or to be

picked 쑗 Don’t eat that apple – it isn’t

ripe yet.

ripple

ripple / rp(ə)l/ noun a little wave 쑗 Even

a little stone thrown into the water will

make ripples 쑗 In the desert, the wind

creates ripples on the sand.

rise

rise /raz/ noun a movement or slope

up-wards 쑗 There is a gentle rise until you

get to the top of the hill 쑗 Salaries are increasing to keep up with the rise in the cost of living 쑗 The recent rise in inter- est rates has made mortgages more ex- pensive 쐽 verb to go up 쑗 The sun al- ways rises in the east 쑗 The road rises steeply for a few miles 쑗 Prices have been rising steadily all year 쑗 If you open the oven door, the cake won’t rise properly (NOTE: rises – rising – rose

/rəυz/ – risen / rbʃ/ noun 1 waste, things

which are no use and are thrown away 쑗

We had to step over heaps of rubbish to

get to the restaurant 2 worthless

non-sense 쑗 Have you read his new book? –

It’s rubbish! 쑗 He’s talking rubbish,

don’t listen to him (NOTE: no plural)

rude

rude /

to offend people 쑗 Don’t point at people

– it’s rude 쑗 The teacher asked who

had written rude words on the board 쑗

He was rude to the teacher.

rudely

rudely /

rug

rug /r'/ noun 1 a small carpet 쑗 This

beautiful rug comes from the Middle

East 2 a thick blanket, especially one

used when travelling 쑗 Put a rug over

your knees if you’re cold 쑗 We spread

rugs on the grass to have our picnic.

rugby

rugby / r'bi/, rugby football /r'bi

with an oval ball which is thrown as well

as kickedruin

쐽 verb to govern or to control a place or

a people 쑗 The president rules the try according to very old-fashioned principles.

coun-ruler

ruler /

erns 쑗 A ruler should be fair 쑗 He’s the

ruler of a small African state 2 a long

piece of wood or plastic with ments marked on it, used for measuring

measure-and drawing straight lines 쑗 You need a ruler to draw straight lines.

run

run /rn/ verb 1 to go quickly on foot 쑗

When she heard the telephone, she ran upstairs 쑗 Children must be taught not

to run across the road 쑗 She’s running

in the 200 metre race 2 (of buses,

trains, etc.) to be operating 쑗 All ground trains are running late because

under-of the accident 쑗 This bus doesn’t run

on Sundays 3 (of vehicles) to work 쑗

He left his car in the street with the gine running 쑗 My car’s not running

en-very well at the moment 4 to direct the

way an organisation operates 쑗 He runs

a chain of shoe shops 쑗 I want someone

to run the sales department for me when I’m away on holiday 쑗 He runs the lo- cal youth club 쑗 The country is run by

the army 5 to drive someone by car 쑗

Let me run you to the station 6 (of

liquid) to flow somewhere 쑗 The river runs past our house (NOTE: runs – run-

ning – ran – run) 쐽 noun 1 the act ofgoing quickly on foot, usually as a sport

쑗 She entered for the 10-mile run 쑗 I always go for a run before breakfast 쑗

You must be tired out after that long run.

2. a score of 1 in cricket 쑗 He made 45 runs before he was out.

run away phrasal verb to escape or to

go away fast 쑗 They were running away

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rung 270 rut

from the police 쑗 She ran away from

school when she was 16 쑗 The

young-sters ran away to Paris.

run into phrasal verb 1 to go into a

place fast 쑗 She ran into the street,

shouting ‘Fire!’ 2. to go fast and hit

something, usually in a vehicle 쑗 He

didn’t look where he was going and ran

into an old lady 쑗 The bus turned the

corner too fast and ran into a parked

van 3 to amount to something 쑗 Costs

have run into thousands of pounds 쑗

Her income runs into five figures 4 to

find someone by chance 쑗 I ran into

him again in a café on the South Bank.

run out phrasal verb to have nothing

left of something 쑗 The car ran out of

petrol on the motorway 쑗 I must go to

the supermarket – we’re running out of

butter.

run over phrasal verb to knock

some-one down by hitting them with a vehicle

쑗 She was run over by a taxi 쑗 The car

ran over a dog.

rung

rung /rŋ/ noun one of the bars on a

lad-der 쑗 Put your foot on the bottom rung

to hold the ladder steady 쐽 past

partici-ple of ring

runner

runner / rnə/ noun a person or horse

running in a race 쑗 My horse came in

last of seven runners 쑗 There are

30,000 runners in the London

Mara-thon.

running

running / rnŋ/ adjective 왍 for three

days running one day after another for

three days 쑗 The company have made a

profit for six years or the sixth year

run-ning 쐽 noun 1 the activity of running,

as a sport or a leisure activity 2 the

ac-tion of managing 쑗 I now leave the

run-ning of the firm to my daughter 앳 to be

in the running to be a candidate for

something 쑗 Three people are in the running for the post of chairperson 앳

to be out of the running to no longer

be a candidate for something 쑗 She’s out of the running for the job in France.

runway

runway / rnwe/ noun a track on whichplanes land and take off at an airportrural

rural / rυərəl/ adjective relating to the

countryside 쑗 Rural roads are usually fairly narrow 쑗 We live quite close to a town but the country round us still looks very rural.

rush

rush /rʃ/ noun a fast movement 쑗 There was a rush of hot air when they opened the door 쑗 There has been a rush to change pounds to euros 쑗 When the film ended there was a rush for the toi- lets 쐽 verb to hurry, to go forward fast

쑗 The ambulance rushed to the dent 쑗 Crowds of shoppers rushed to the shops on the first day of the sales.

or pieces of paper rubbing together 쑗

Listen to the rustle of the dry leaves in the hedge.

rusty

rusty / rsti/ adjective covered with rust

쑗 She tried to cut the string with a pair

of rusty old scissors 쑗 He has a rusty old fridge in his front garden (NOTE:

rustier – rustiest)

rut

rut /rt/ noun a deep track made in soft

earth by the wheels of vehicles 쑗 The front wheel of the car was stuck in a deep rut.

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s

s /es/, S noun the nineteenth letter of the

alphabet, between R and T

sack

sack /sk/ noun a large bag made of

strong cloth or paper, used for carrying

heavy things 쑗 He hurt his back lifting

up the sack of potatoes 쐽 verb to force

someone to leave his or her job 쑗 He

was sacked because he was always late

for work.

sad

sad /sd/ adjective not happy 쑗 He’s sad

because the holidays have come to an

end 쑗 What a sad film – everyone was

crying 쑗 Reading his poems makes me

sad 쑗 It was sad to leave the house for

the last time 쑗 He felt sad watching the

boat sail away 쑗 It’s sad that he can’t

come to see us (NOTE: sadder –

sad-dest)

saddle

saddle / sd(ə)l/ noun 1 a rider’s seat

on a bicycle or motorbike 2 a rider’s

seat on a horse 쑗 He leapt into the

sad-dle and rode away.

sadly

sadly / sdli/ adverb 1 in a sad way 쑗

She smiled sadly 2 used for saying that

something makes you sad 쑗 Sadly, John

couldn’t join us for my birthday party.

sadness

sadness / sdnəs/ noun a feeling of

be-ing very unhappy

safe

safe /sef/ adjective not in danger, or not

likely to be hurt 쑗 In this cave, we

should be safe from the thunderstorm 쑗

All the children are safe, but the school

was burnt down 쑗 Is it safe to touch this

snake? 쐽 noun a strong box for keeping

things such as documents, money or

jewels in 쑗 Put your valuables in the

ho-tel safe 쑗 The burglars managed to

open the safe.

safely

safely / sefli/ adverb without being hurt

쑗 The rescue services succeeded in

get-ting all the passengers safely off the

burning train 쑗 We were shown how to

handle explosives safely 쑗 ‘Drive

safe-ly!’ she said as she waved goodbye.

safety

safety / sefti/ noun 1 the fact of being

safe 쑗 The police tried to ensure the safety of the public 쑗 I am worried

about the safety of air bags in cars 2.왍

for safety in order to make something

safe 쑗 Put the money in the office safe for safety 쑗 Keep a note of the numbers

of your traveller’s cheques for safety.

쐽 verb 1 to travel on water 쑗 The ship was sailing towards the rocks 쑗 We were sailing east 쑗 He was the first per- son to sail across the Atlantic single- handed 쑗 She’s planning to sail round

the world 2 to leave a harbour 쑗 The ferry sails at 12.00.

sailing

sailing / selŋ/ noun travel in a shipsailor

sailor / selə/ noun a person who works

on a ship 쑗 The sailors were washing down the deck of the ship.

sake

sake /sek/ noun 왍 for the sake of

some-thing, for something’s sake for certain

reasons or purposes, or because of

something 쑗 They gave the children sweets, just for the sake of a little peace and quiet 쑗 The muggers killed the old lady, just for the sake of £20 왍 for the

sake of someone, for someone’s sake

because you want to help someone or to

please someone 쑗 Will you come to the party for my sake? 쑗 The president de- cided to resign for the sake of the coun- try 왍 for old times’ sake in order to re-

member a relationship or activity from

the past 쑗 We always send them a Christmas card, just for old times’ sake.

왍 for heaven’s sake, for goodness’

sake used for showing you are annoyed

or worried 쑗 What’s all the fuss? It’s

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salad 272 Saturday

only a little scratch, for heaven’s sake 쑗

For goodness’ sake try to be quiet, we

don’t want wake everyone!

salad

salad / sləd/ noun a mixture of cold

vegetables eaten raw, or a meal that

in-cludes such a mixture 쑗 a chicken salad

sandwich 쑗 We found some ham,

toma-toes and lettuce in the fridge, and made

ourselves a salad.

salary

salary / ... girl sitting on the right of your father? 쑗 Go straight ahead, and take the second road on the right 쐽 adverb directly, or in a

re-straight...

heavy things 쑗 He hurt his back lifting

up the sack of potatoes 쐽 verb to force

someone to leave his or her job 쑗... 쑗 He gave a blood sample 쑗 We interviewed a sample of potential cus- tomers.

satellite /stəlat/ noun an object in

space