easier english basic dictionary second edition_part1 pptx

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ENGLISH BASIC DICTIONARYSECOND EDITION

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Dictionary Titles in the Series

English Language:

Dictionary of Science and Technology 0 7475 6620 8

Check your English Vocabulary Workbooks:

ENGLISH

BASIC DICTIONARY

A BLOOMSBURY REFERENCE BOOK

www.bloomsbury.com

Second edition published 2004First published in Great Britain 2001

© Copyright P.H Collin, F Collin, S.M.H Collin 2001

This edition © Copyright Bloomsbury Publishing 2004

Bloomsbury Publishing Plc

38 Soho SquareLondon W1D 3HBAll rights reserved No part of this publication may

be reproduced in any form or by any means without the

permission of the publishers

British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data

A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library

ISBN 0 7475 6644 5

Text processing and computer typesetting by Bloomsbury Publishing

Printed and bound in Italy by Legoprint

All papers used by Bloomsbury Publishing are natural, recyclableproducts made from wood grown in well-managed forests

The manufacturing processes conform to the

environmental regulations of the country of origin

eISBN-13: 978-1-4081-0202-2

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P H Collin

Editorial Contributors

Penelope Hands, Howard Sargeant

Text Production and Proofreading

Katy McAdam, Joel Adams,Daisy Jackson, Sarah Lusznat

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This dictionary contains the most frequently used words in English and provides thebasic vocabulary needed for everyday communication by anyone starting to learn thelanguage It is especially useful for elementary and pre-intermediate students of allages and would be suitable for those working towards an elementary level Englishexamination such as KET or PET.

Each word is individually defined, and no words, not even adverbs, are given out a definition Examples are included for many words to provide patterns for theuser’s own production of English sentences

with-Each word, including compound words and phrasal verbs, has its own easy-to-findmain entry in bold type Each word has a pronunciation in the InternationalPhonetic Alphabet Common phrases and idioms associated with the main term areshown in bold type and separately defined within the entry

The meanings of the main common senses of each word are given clearly and ply, using a limited and easily understood vocabulary Meanings are groupedtogether by their part of speech

sim-Extra help is offered in Notes at the end of some entries These include warningsabout words which can confused with each other, unusual inflected forms andregularly collocating prepositions The major differences in US and Britishspelling are noted

A useful companion to this dictionary is Easier English Basic Synonyms which

compares and contrasts words with similar meanings, showing the similarities anddifferences in usage

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쒁 a definition of the word will be found at the place indicated

쏡 extra information will be found at the place indicated

a

a 1 /e/, A noun the first letter of the

alpha-bet, followed by B 쑗 Do you mean

‘de-pendant’ spelt with an ‘a’ or

‘depend-ent’ with an ‘e’? 앳 from A to Z

com-pletely, all the way through

a

a 2 /ə, e/, an /ən, n/ article 1 one 쑗 an

enormous hole 쑗 a useful guidebook 쑗

She’s bought a new car 쑗 I want a cup

of tea 쑗 We had to wait an hour for the

bus (NOTE: an is used before words

beginning with a, e, i, o, u and with h if

the h is not pronounced: an apple or

an hour a is used before words

begin-ning with all other letters and also

be-fore u where u is pronounced /

useful guidebook) 2 for each or to each

쑗 Apples cost £1.50 a kilo 쑗 The car

was travelling at 50 kilometres an hour.

쑗 He earns £100 a day.

abandon

abandon /ə bndən/ verb 1 to leave

someone or something in an unkind way

쑗 The dog had been abandoned by its

owner 2 to give up or stop doing

some-thing 쑗 The company has decided to

abandon the project 쑗 We abandoned

the idea of setting up a London office.

abbreviation

abbreviation /ə eʃ(ə)n/ noun a

short form of a word

ability

ability /ə blti/ noun 1 a natural

tenden-cy to do something well 쑗 I admire his

ability to stay calm in difficult

situa-tions 쑗 We can develop their natural

abilities (NOTE: The plural is abilities.)

왍 I’ll do it to the best of my ability I’ll

do it as well as I can 2 the fact of being

clever 쑗 suitable for different levels of

ability (NOTE: no plural)

able

able / eb(ə)l/ adjective 1 왍 to be able to

do something to be capable of

thing or have the chance to do

some-thing 쑗 They weren’t able to find the

house 쑗 Will you be able to come to the

meeting? 2 good at doing something, or

good at doing many things 쑗 She’s a

very able manager 쑗 There are special activities for able children.

about

about /ə baυt/ preposition 1 referring to

something 쑗 He told me all about his operation 쑗 What do you want to speak

to the doctor about? 2 왍 to be about to

do something to be going to do

some-thing very soon 쑗 We were about to go

home when you arrived 3 not exactly 쑗

I’ve been waiting for about four hours.

쑗 She’s only about fifteen years old 앳

how about? 1. what do you think

about? 쑗 We can’t find a new

chairper-son for the club – What about Sarah? 2.

would you like a cup of tea? 앳 while

you’re about it at the same time as the

thing you are doing 쑗 While you’re about it, can you post this letter?

above

above /ə bv/ preposition 1 higher than

쑗 The plane was flying above the clouds 쑗 The temperature in the street was above 30 degrees 쑗 At prices

above £20, nobody will buy it 2 older

than 쑗 If you are above 18, you have to

pay the full fare 3 louder than 쑗 I couldn’t hear the telephone above the noise of the drills.

absence / bsəns/ noun the fact of

be-ing away from a place 쑗 She did not plain her absence from the meeting 쑗

ex-The former president was sentenced in his absence 왍 in the absence of be-

cause someone or something is not there

쑗 In the absence of the chairman, his deputy took over 쑗 In the absence of any official support, we had to raise our own funds.

absent

absent / bsənt/ adjective not there 쑗

Ten of the staff are absent with flu.

absolute

absolute /plete or total

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absolutely 2 accompany

absolutely

absolutely adverb 1 /

pletely 쑗 I am absolutely sure I left the

keys in my coat pocket 2 /bsə

yes, of course 쑗 Did you build it

your-self? – Absolutely!

absorb

absorb /əb

something such as a liquid 쑗 The water

should be absorbed by the paper 쑗 Salt

absorbs moisture from the air 2. to

re-duce a shock 쑗 The car’s springs are

supposed to absorb any shock from the

road surface.

absurd

absurd /əb

unreasonable or impossible to believe 쑗

It’s absurd to expect you will win the

lot-tery if you only buy one ticket.

abuse

The people being arrested shouted

abuse at the police 2 very bad

treat-ment 쑗 the sexual abuse of children 쑗

She suffered physical abuse in prison.

(NOTE: [all senses] no plural)

abuse

abuse 2 /ə

one very badly, usually physically or

sexually 쑗 She had been abused as a

child 2 to make the wrong use of

some-thing 쑗 He abused his position as

fi-nance director 3 to say rude things

about someone 쑗 The crowd noisily

abused the group of politicians as they

entered the building.

academic

academic /kə demk/ adjective 1

re-lating to study at a university 쑗

Mem-bers of the academic staff received a

let-ter from the principal 2. only in theory,

not in practice 쑗 It is only of academic

interest 쐽noun a university teacher 쑗

All her friends are academics.

accelerate

accelerate /ək kʃən/ noun 1 the fact of doing

something 쑗 We recommend swift

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active 4 address

tion to prevent the problem spreading 쑗

What action are you going to take to

prevent accidents? 왍 out of action not

working 쑗 The car has been out of

ac-tion for a week 2 something that is

done 쑗 They’ve shown their

commit-ment by their actions 3 a movecommit-ment 쑗

Avoid sudden actions that could alarm

the animals 4 the things that happen in

a performance such as a play or film 쑗

The action of the play takes place in a

flat in London 5 a case in a law court

where someone tries to get money from

someone else 쑗 to bring an action for

damages against someone

active

active / ktv/ adjective 1 involved in

an activity or activities, especially in an

energetic way 쑗 He didn’t play an

ac-tive part in the attack on the police

sta-tion 쑗 My grandmother is still very

ac-tive at the age of 88 2 (of a volcano)

exploding or likely to explode 쑗

Scien-tists think the volcano is no longer

ac-tive 3 the form of a verb which shows

that the subject is doing something

(NOTE: If you say ‘the car hit him’ the

verb is active, but in ‘he was hit by the

car’ it is passive.)

activity

activity /k tvti/ noun 1 the act or

fact of being active 2 something that

someone does to pass time pleasantly 쑗

Children are offered various holiday

ac-tivities – sailing, windsurfing and

wa-ter-skiing (NOTE: The plural in this

sense is activities.)

actor

actor / ktə/ noun a person who acts in

the theatre, in films or on TV

actress

actress / ktrəs/ noun a woman who

acts in the theatre, in films or on TV

(NOTE: Many women prefer to call

themselves actors rather than

actress-es.)

actual

actual / ktʃuəl/ adjective real 쑗 It

looks quite small but the actual height is

5 metres 쑗 Her actual words were much

stronger.

actually

actually / ktʃuəli/ adverb really 쑗 It

looks quite small, but actually it is over

5 metres high 쑗 He said he was ill, but

actually he wanted to go to the football

match.

ad

ad /d/ noun an advertisement (informal )

쑗 If you want to sell your car quickly, put an ad in the paper.

adapt

adapt /ə dpt/ verb 1 to change

some-thing to be suitable for a new situation 쑗

She adapted the story for TV 쑗 The car has been adapted for disabled drivers.

2. to change your behaviour to fit into a

new situation 쑗 We’ll all have to learn

to adapt to the new system.

adaptable

adaptable /ə dptəb(ə)l/ adjectiveable to change or be changed easily todeal with new situations or uses

add

add /d/ verb 1 to make a total of

num-bers 쑗 If you add all these numbers gether it should make fifty (NOTE: Add-

to-ing is usually shown by the sign + : 10 + 4 = 14.) 2. to join one thing to another

쑗 Interest is added to the account monthly 쑗 Add two cupfuls of sugar 쑗

Put a teabag into the pot and add ing water 쑗 By building the annexe, they have added thirty rooms to the ho-

boil-tel 3 to say or to write something more

쑗 I have nothing to add to what I put in

my letter 쑗 She added that we still owed her some money for work she did last month.

add up phrasal verb to make a total 왍

the figures do not add up the total is

not correct

addition

addition /ə dʃ(ə)n/ noun 1 someone or

something added to something else 쑗

the latest addition to the family 쑗 He showed us the additions to his collection

of paintings 2 the act of adding figures

to make a total 쑗 You don’t need a culator to do a simple addition 왍 in ad-

cal-dition to as well as 쑗 There are twelve registered letters to be sent in addition

to this parcel 앳 in addition as well 앳

in addition to as well as 쑗 There are twelve registered letters to be sent in ad- dition to this parcel.

additional

additional /ə dʃ(ə)nəl/ adjective cluded as well as what there is already

in-address

address /ə dres/ noun 1 a set of details

of the number of a house, the name of astreet and the town where someone lives

or works 쑗 What is the doctor’s dress? 쑗 Our address is: 1 Cambridge

ad-Road, Teddington, Middlesex 2 the set

of letters, symbols and numbers that

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address book 5 advantage

identify someone’s email account 쐽

verb 1 to write details such as

some-one’s name, street and town on a letter

or parcel 쑗 That letter is addressed to

me – don’t open it! 2. to speak or write

to someone 쑗 Please address your

ques-tions to the information office 쑗

Teach-ers are not normally addressed as ‘Sir’

here 3 to make a formal speech to a

group 쑗 The chairman addressed the

meeting.

address book

address book /ə dres bυk/ noun a

notebook or computer file in which you

can record people’s names, home

ad-dresses, telephone numbers and email

addresses

adequate

adequate / dkwət/ adjective 1.

enough for a purpose 쑗 We don’t have

adequate supplies for the whole journey.

쑗 His salary alone is barely adequate.

2. only just satisfactory

adhesive

adhesive /əd

stick to things 쐽 noun a substance

which sticks things together

adjacent

adjacent /ə d"es(ə)nt/ adjective very

close to or almost touching something 쑗

My office is in an adjacent building.

adjective

adjective / ... start

using something 쑗 The book has been adopted for use in all English classes 쑗

We need to adopt a more flexible proach.

ap-adore